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Beizhan iron deposit in Xinjiang is one of the important deposits of Awulale iron-copper-gold metallogenic belt in the western Tianshan. K-feldspar granite and K-feldspar granite porphyry, which have pulsating intrusive contact relationship, are exposed in the southern of iron district. Geochemical characteristics show that the rocks are high potassium calc-alkaline, enriched in large iron lithophile element (Rb and K), and relatively depleted in high field strength elements, and Ba, Sr, P and Ti are significantly negative anomaly; fractionation of light and heavy rare earth elements is obvious. Ages of K-feldspar granite and K-feldspar granite porphyry from Beizhan iron deposit are respectively (320.5±1.9) Ma and (306.8±1.6) Ma by the method of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating. Combined with regional geological data, the geochemical and geochronological results show that K-feldpar granite and K-feldspar granite porphyry exposed have the same magma source, and probably form in the tectonic setting transformed from the subduction of southern Tianshan oceans to the continental collision orogeny from Early Carboniferous to Late Carboniferous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) mutations and HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HB-ACLF)., Methods: Forty-four patients with HB-ACLF and 28 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB; used as controls) were enrolled and venous blood samples were collected from all individuals. The PC and BCP gene fragments were amplified by nested PCR. HBV genotype and BCP/PC mutations were determined by direct sequencing and analysis by BioEdit (version 7.0.9.0). Ten of the HB-ACLF patients were selected for follow-up (range: 2-8 weeks), which included once weekly sera collection to determine the relation of mutations and treatment response. Serum levels of HBV DNA were measured by real-time PCR assay, and alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatinine and albumin were measured by standard biochemical assay and used to determine the MELD score., Results: All 44 HB-ACLF patients were infected with HBV genotype C. In the CHB group, 26 patients were infected with genotype C and two with genotype B. Single mutations (A1762T, G1764A, T1753V, G1896A, and G1899A) and combined mutations (A1762T + G1764A, G1896A + G1899A, T1753V+ A1762T + G1764A, G1896A + G1899A + A1762T + G1764A, and A1762T + G1764A + G1896A) were more frequently detected in HB-ACLF patients than in CHB patients (P less than 0.05). A significantly higher proportion of PC/BCP wild-type sequences was found in patients with CHB than in patients with HB-ACLF (17.9% vs. 2.3%; x² = 5.440, P = 0.020). The proportion of patients carrying both PC and BCP mutations was significantly higher in HB-ACLF patients than in CHB patients (79.6% vs. 39.3%; x² = 12.021, P = 0.001). The proportion of patients carrying only BCP mutation was 42.9% in the CHB group and 20.5% in the HB-ACLF group (x² = 4.157, P = 0.041). No occurrences of only PC mutation were detected in either the CHB or HB-ACLF group. The combined mutations were present in all 10 of the HB-ACLF follow-up patients. Mutations G1899A, T1753V, and A1846T were correlated with disease recovery. Significant decreases in the MELD score were accompanied by decreases in the A1846T mutation., Conclusion: Significantly more HB-ACLF patients carried HBV with mutations in the PC and BCP than CHB patients. Moreover, more HB-ACLF patients carried HBV with PC + BCP combined mutations and PC mutation only. The G1899A, T1753C, and A1846T mutations were associated with HB-ACLF response to treatment and improvement in liver function.

Objective: To determine accurately the incidence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus (HGMUE) in China, and to study the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the lesions and to evaluate the clinical importance of HGMUE., Methods: A prospective study was made among a total of 15,228 consecutive patients, 8,573 male and 6,655 female, aged 54 (8-95), undergoing gastroscopy. Disease histories of all patients were carefully inquired, especially those regarding possible complaints including discomfort of throat and swallowing pain and so on. Special care was taken in the upper esophageal sphincter area to make sure whether the area was adequately inspected. Biopsy specimens from aberrant mucosa were obtained and the sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and Giemsa stain for Helicobacter pylori., Results: HGMUE was found in 39 patients (0.26%) with an average age of 50. Five patients with H. pylori infection in heterotopic gastric mucosa also presented the infection in the stomach. The gastric mucosa was gastric body type in 8 patients, transitional type in 11 patients, and antral pattern in 7 patients. Intestinal metaplasia was found in 5 patients, and mild atypical hyperplasia in 2 patients. An impressive finding was coexistent erosive gastritis in 14 patients (35.9%), Barrett's esophagus in one patient (2.6%), peptic ulcer in 8 patients (20.5%), and a patient had the complication of constriction in the upper esophagus., Conclusion: HGMUE is not rare in China. The presence of inlet patches is possibly correlated with specific symptoms. There are some severe complications in HGMUE, especially esophageal constriction. Close surveillance should be taken for rare cases with metaplasia or dysplasia in HGMUE.