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Chinese patent medicines(CPMs) are unique therapeutic drugs in China. Establishing and improving the evaluation criteria is an important measure to promote the high-quality development of CPMs. Based on the "evaluation criteria of high-grade CPMs with quality as the core index" established by our group in 2018, the "high-quality evaluation criteria for CPMs based on whole process control" was proposed in the present study in 2022. The scope of application and basic principles of the new criteria were clarified. A quality evaluation scoring table was established in the new criteria, including five parts: raw material selection, production process, quality control, efficacy evaluation, and brand building. The technical evaluation indexes involved have increased from 20% in the original criteria to 70% in the new criteria, and efficacy evaluation has been added in the new criteria. The subjective evaluation indicators account for a large proportion in the original criteria, which is prone to bias. The improved criteria overcome this shortcoming. It is expected that the new criteria as a basis can play a better role in the selection of high-quality products of CPMs, guide enterprises and institutions to participate actively in the evaluation and research of high-quality CPMs, and promote the high-quality development of CPMs.

The big brand of Chinese patent medicine, Fufang Danshen Prescription(FDP), effective in promoting blood circulation, resolving blood stasis, regulating qi, and relieving pain, is wide in clinical application and diverse in dosage forms and products, but its quality and price are uneven, which causes problems for doctors and patients. To clarify the key links and weakness of quality control leading to the quality difference of FDP products, the present study carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the whole production cycle of FDP based on the "high-quality Chinese patent medicine evaluation criteria" and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of production and quality of different FDP products according to scores. The results showed that the scores of various products in the "raw materials selection" varied greatly. The highest score(S1) and the lowest score(S2) differed by more than 3 times, indicating that different manufacturers had inconsistent requirements for the selection of raw materials, leading to fundamental differences in the quality of raw materials. The scores in the "production process" varied slightly, with an average score of 66.8%. The manufacturer S8 obtained the highest score(84.0%), which indicated the emergence of intelligent manufacturing production. The scores(with the average score of 44.0%) in the "quality control" were lower than those of the previous two items, which was attributed to the fact that most FDP products only met the "qualified" benchmark required by the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and their consistency and high quality were both uncontrollable. The scores in the "post-marketing research" were the lowest(with an average score of 28.5%), and most manufacturers were scored 0, which reflected little attention paid. Only a few brand manufacturers were scored acceptably and they were willing to carry out relevant research on post-marketing evaluation. The evaluation results demonstrated the key links and weakness leading to the production and quality differences of FDP from different manufacturers. It is expected to improve the quality of FDP, promote the formation of the "high quality and good price" mechanism, and provide information for the centralized procurement of governments.

The consistency of quality on Chinese patent drugs is a hotspot and difficulty in the control of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, and has become one of the bottlenecks restricting its internationalization. Based on the analysis of current studies on quality and problems of Chinese patent drugs, this paper explored relevant methods of quality evaluation on Chinese patent drugs and possible factors affecting the consistency of quality in the pharmaceutical cycle by consulting relevant literatures about quality evaluation methods and consistency control techniques of large-scale Chinese patent drugs. And it put forward the evaluation system on high-quality Chinese patent drugs with "consistency" as the core, so as to promote the overall improvement of the quality of Chinese patent drugs, guide the rational price of Chinese patent drugs of the same species, and provide a new reference model for the quality evaluation of Chinese patent drug.

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) quality constant herbal slices evaluation method was applied to evaluate the grade of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma based on the combination of traditional character identification and modern scientific and technological methods. The TCM quality constant evaluation method was used to determine the appearance and index content of medicinal slices, calculate the quality constant and percentile quality constant of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma from different sources, and discuss their classification. The quality constants of 15 batches of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma slices were between 0.004 and 0.063. The slices with the percentage quality constant ≥80% were classified as the first grade; those with the percentage quality constant ≥50% and <80% were classified as the second grade; and those with the percentage quality constant <50% were classified as the third grade. Then the slices with the quality constant ≥0.050 were classified as the first grade; those with the quality constant ≥0.032 and <0.050 were classified as the second grade; and those with the quality constant <0.032 were classified as the third grade. According to the results, the 15 batches of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma slices were divided into 1 batch of the first grade, 4 batches of the second grade, and 10 batches of the third grade. The quality constant evaluation method established is scientific, objective, simple and feasible. The application of the method in Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma slices has reasonable results, which is helpful to promote the classification of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma and promotes the high-quality application of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma.

Liuwei Dihuang Pills is a typical traditional Chinese medicine with &quot;the same product made by many manufacturers&quot;. The quality and price of products made in various factories was different obviously. In this study, the quality differences of Liuwei Dihuang Pills were evaluated over multi-dimensions and throughout the whole production cycle involving raw materials, production process, quality control and post-marketing re-studies based on the &quot;Chinese patent medicine evaluation standard with quality at the core&quot; established earlier by our research group. The research results showed that the product quality of various manufacturers was significantly different, and the product quality was positively correlated with the market shares of enterprises, indicating that enterprises with more market shares paid more attention to product quality; and the sales determined the concern degree of enterprises on products, which was in line with general cognition. During the single-item evaluation of Liuwei Dihuang Pills, the score of raw material selection was relatively low, and the enterprises paid less attention to the initial raw materials. The whole production process was better, and the national compulsory implementation of &quot;Production Quality Management Standard&quot;(GMP) had a positive effect in improving product quality. Quality control could basically guarantee product quality. Intelligent manufacturing promoted by the government was beneficial to ensure product uniformity. The score rate of &quot;quality evaluation&quot; item was basically qualified, which indicated that the quality control level of Liuwei Dihuang Pills was acceptable as a whole, but there was still room for improvement. &quot;Re-evaluation and Brand Construction&quot; had the lowest scores, reflecting that enterprises did not pay enough attention to in-depth study and re-evaluation of &quot;the same product made by many manufacturers&quot;. The evaluation results were in line with expectations, provided a reference example for the evaluation of high-quality Chinese patent medicine, a basis for the high-quality and good price of Chinese patent medicine, scientific data for improving medical insurance bidding, and thus facilitated promoting the healthy development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry.

The method of classifying the quality grade of traditional Chinese medicine slices with cross section model quality constant was applied to the grade evaluation of Ligusticum chuanxiong pieces,and a reasonable grade standard of L. chuanxiong pieces was established. The purpose is to classify the 15 batches of L. chuanxiong pieces by combining the advantages of traditional grading with modern quality control indicators. By measuring the natural morphological parameters,processing parameters and the intrinsic content of ferulic acid,an important active ingredient,of the 15 batches of L. chuanxiong pieces collected from different manufacturers and different batches of different medicinal materials markets,we can synthesize the results. The mass constants and percentage mass constants are calculated and analyzed based on the above data. The results showed that the quality constants of 15 batches of L. chuanxiong pieces collected ranged from 0.53-3.00; if the percentage mass constants were more than 80%,50%-80% was second-class pieces,and the rest were third-class pieces,the evaluation results were as follows: the quality constants of first-class L. chuanxiong pieces were more than 2.40,the quality constants of second-class L. chuanxiong pieces should be 1.70-2.40,and the quality constants of third-class L. chuanxiong pieces should be less than 1.70. In this paper,the method of dividing the quality constants of the top blade model into different grades is further applied and practiced,which proves that the method is scientific,reasonable and multi-adaptable. At the same time,it enriches the research data of the grade evaluation of L. chuanxiong pieces,provides a useful reference for the promotion of the grade evaluation of L. chuanxiong pieces,and lays an experimental foundation for the next research of the subject group.

Allopolyploid plants have a wide distribution in the nature. The low-copy nuclear genes with special evolution characteristics and abundant phylogenetic information in polyploidy plant lineage show gene silencing, gene activation, and unequal expression in transcript level. In present review, focusing on the low-copy nuclear genes, we summarize the application of these genes in the phylogenetic reconstruction of allopolyploid plants and bring forward some critical issues in this field. In addition, we discuss the preliminary mechanisms of expression changes of these genes in polyploid plants, and introduce the progress and latest development in this field.