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Objective To investigate the potential pathogenesis of depression and the improving effect of glutathione (GSH) in the process. Methods Sixty male C57BL/6J mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into sham operation group (SHAM), post-stroke depression (PSD) group and chronic social defeat depression (CSDS) group, with 20 animals in each group. Open field test, elevated plus maze test, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test were performed to identify whether they exhibited depressive-like behaviors. After the tissue samples of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were harvested from the 2 models and control mice, neurotransmitter-targeted metabolomics sequencing was carried out. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were performed to explore the expression of metabolites in each group of mice to screen differential metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was used to predict the metabolic pathways related to the depression models. The expression of key differential metabolites related to ferroptosis, including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). The effect of exogenous supplementation of GSH was observed by whether the depressive-like behavior of the model mice was improved. Results The results of neurotransmitter-targeted metabolomics analysis showed significant differences in the metabolic levels of the 3 groups of mice. Among the 38 metabolites detected in the mPFC, 6 were specifically decreased in PSD and 4 were specifically decreased in CSDS. GSH, L-tryptophan, and L-lysine were significantly decreased in both PSD and CSDS groups (P < 0.05). KEGG analysis indicated that the main pathways involved in the differential metabolites included GSH metabolism, beta-amino acid metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. GSH/GSSG assay kit indicated that the ratio of reduced GSH/oxidized GSH (GSH/GSSG) in the mPFC of the 2 depression models was significantlly decreased (P < 0.05), and the ferroptosis-related index test found that the 2 depression model mice had increased MDA level and significantly reduced GPX4-positive cells compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Exogenous supplementation of GSH in the depression models extended the open arm time in the elevated plus maze test, increased the central zone time in the open field test (P < 0.05), and reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension test (P < 0.05), significantly improving the depressive-like behaviors. Conclusion There are 13 metabolite imbalances in the brain tissues of PSD and CSDS mice, and ferroptosis triggered by abnormal GSH metabolism may play an important role in the occurrence of depression. Exogenous supplementation of GSH improves depressive-like behaviors in mice.

Background Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease in which blood fails to flow into the brain, resulting in damage to brain tissue, with high rates of disability, death, and recurrence, and most of the related studies in Ningxia region are clinical analyses of strokes, which lack trend analysis of stroke hospitalization in Ningxia in recent years. Objective To analyze the disease prevalence characteristics and distribution of stroke hospitalized patients in Ningxia, and provide a basis for the development of comprehensive prevention and treatment measures for stroke. Methods The case home page data of 55 hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine in Ningxia region were collected, and the data discharged from 2013 to 2019 with a primary diagnosis of stroke [International Classification of Diseases (ICD) -10 coded as I60-I63] were screened and analyzed. SPSS 24.0 software was applied to analyze the differences in gender and age using the chi-square test, and a geographic information system (GIS) was applied to analyze the distribution of stroke hospitalization rate data across Ningxia from 2013 to 2019 using global spatial auto correlation analysis. Results A total of 190 634 stroke patients were finally included. The hospitalization rate of stroke in Ningxia region showed an increasing trend year by year from 2013 to 2019 (hospitalization rates of 24.302/10 000, 30.045/10 000, 34.949/10 000, 39.397/10 000, 44.049/10 000, 47.617/10 000, and 52.944/10 000, respectively, χ2trend=5.982, P=0.014) , and the hospitalization rates were higher during the cold season of each year, with a significant peak in March and a slight decline thereafter. Among the stroke inpatients in Ningxia from 2013 to 2019, there were 167 194 cases of ischemic stroke and 23 440 cases of hemorrhagic stroke; there was significant difference between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke patients in gender and age (χ2=473.533, 7 518.543, P

Fe40Cr25Ni25Al5Ti5 (atom fraction/%) medium entropy alloys (MEAs) were prepared by a vacuum arc-melting furnace with a water-cooled copper mold, and the microstructure, mechanical properties and strengthening deformation mechanism of the alloy in solid solution and annealed states were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectrometry(EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and tensile testing machine.The results show that the Fe40Cr25Ni25Al5Ti5 medium entropy alloy has FCC+BCC1+BCC2 triple-phase organization of solid solution state, with yield strength of 520 MPa, fracture strength of 852 MPa and elongation of 13%. After annealing at 600 ℃ for 2 h, the phase composition of the alloy has no change, the size of granular BCC2 phase increases, and the volume fraction of FCC zone and BCC zone has no change significantly. The yield strength is 668 MPa, the fracture strength is 1029 MPa, and the elongation is reduced to 9%. The strength of Fe40Cr25Ni25Al5Ti5 alloy originates from the synergistic effect of coherent strengthening, solid solution strengthening and phase boundary strengthening. Dislocation slips are the main deformation mechanism of alloy.

Constructing surface micro/nano structures and preparing nano-coatings could endow the material surface with special performance. In this work, the special functions of surface micro/nano structures, as well as the main methods and processing technologies for preparing surface micro/nano structures and nano-coatings were mainly reviewed. Firstly, the applications of surface micro/nano structures in superhydrophobicity, optical superlens, friction and wear were introduced. Secondly, the research progress of lithography technology, laser processing technology, self-assembly technology, additive manufacturing technology (3D printing), processing methods of surface micro/nano structures and nano-coatings, such as deposition method and sol-gel method, was described, respectively. Finally, the problems and development trend of different preparation methods of surface micro/nano structures and nano-coatings were summarized.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is known as a high-grade engineering plastic with good mechanical properties, chemical stability and biocompatibility. Currently, PEEK materials have been widely used in prosthodontics, such as complete dentures and removable partial dentures. The relevant research shows that PEEK posts are superior to glass fiber posts, which have high tensile bond strength and bending strength. At present, few case reports of PEEK postcores have been published, and clinical case reports suggest that PEEK postcores have good oral prosthetic aesthetics and are ideal and reliable postcore crown materials. However, the preparation and surface treatment methods of PEEK require further refinement. A review of the related properties of PEEK and the prospects of its application in the field of postcore crown restoration will be presented in this paper.

Semiconductor CdS fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have been widely studied for their excellent optical and electrical properties. There are many mature preparation methods of CdS QDs have been developed. Among these, the ionizing radiation preparation method is generally easy to implement under normal temperature and pressure, it is also safe and effective, and environmentally friendly. The associated ionizing radiation preparation methods for CdS QDs, such as γ-ray radiation preparation and electron beam radiation preparation, are reviewed to provide a reference for the preparation of other fluorescent QDs. The applications of CdS QDs in the fields of photocatalysts, biomedicine, and solar cells, in addition to applications in the field of analysis, are reviewed. In light of the current research status of CdS QDs, the application prospects and development directions of CdS QDs are discussed.

To overcome the disadvantage of regular photocatalysts that lack favorable recyclability, hydrogel has become an excellent carrier for photocatalysts. Hydrogel-based photocatalytic composites have the advantages of super-absorbency and recyclability. They can be widely used in the environmental treatment and in medical and health fields. As one of the preparation methods of hydrogel-based photocatalytic composites, ionizing radiation technology is simple, safe, and pollution-free; it can be applied to the industrial production of hydrogel-based photocatalytic composites. This paper summarizes the characteristics of the ionizing radiation technology, the classification of hydrogel-based photocatalytic composites, and radiation preparation methods and their applications. Further, it provides an outlook on future research directions in light of the current research status of hydrogel-based photocatalytic composites.

A nano-TiO2 layer was coated onto the surface of an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) conductive glass sheet by electrostatic self-assembly, sol-gel, and impregnation and pull methods. The 3, 4-vinyldioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer was grafted onto the surface by electron-beam radiation grafting. Thus, an ITO-TiO2-PEDOT conductive composite film was successfully prepared. Composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle testing. The conductivity of ITO-TiO2-PEDOT (poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) conductive composite film reached 4×10‒1 S/cm at a dose of 4 kGy/s, and the absorbed dose was 20 kGy, providing a theoretical reference for studies on composite conductive materials produced by techniques involving radiation.

Hydrogels comprise hydrophilic polymer networks. Owing to their good biocompatibility and hydrophilicity, they are widely used in wound dressings, drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioreactors, contact lenses, and other fields. This article summarizes some typical photocatalysts, photosensitizers, and hydrogel composite materials and their antibacterial activities, as well as the basic mechanisms of photothermal and photodynamic effects. In addition, the advantages of radiation technology for preparing photosensitive antibacterial hydrogels are discussed in detail, along with the applications of hydrogels in various fields and the challenges in their use. Finally, future development of photosensitive antibacterial hydrogels is discussed.

Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), highly substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (HHPC), and graphene oxide (GO) as raw materials, a high-strength GO composite hydrogel was synthesized. The effects of the absorbed dose and GO doping on the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels were investigated via freeze-thawing and irradiation crosslinking. The effects of GO doping on the microstructure and composition of the HHPC/PVA hydrogel were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, a material testing machine, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and other characterization methods. For an absorbed dose of 60 kGy and GO filling amount of 0.36 mg/g, the GO/HHPC/PVA composite hydrogel exhibited the highest mechanical strength (up to 3.5 MPa), excellent swelling degree (5.3%), and high gel fraction (81.65%). Therefore, the hydrogel is expected to have applications in fields such as tissue engineering and biomedicine.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of insomnia in perimenopausal women based on polysomnography (PSG). Methods A total of 52 perimenopausal women admitted to our psychological clinic due to insomnia were included in this study. According to the results of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), they were divided into study group (PSQI≥7) and control group (PSQI < 7). Sleep status was recorded by polysomnography (PSG), and symptoms related to perimenopausal period were measured by menopause rating scale (MRS).The differences of PSG monitoring sleep-related indicators and MRS results were compared between the 2 groups, and the correlations of each sleep indicator with perimenopausal symptoms were analyzed. Results ① The total sleep time and sleep efficiency were significantly decreased in the perimenopausal women from the study group than those from the control group (P < 0.05). The former group had obviously longer sleep latency and wakefulness time when compared with the latter group (P < 0.05). ② These perimenopausal women had the clinical feature of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior, which were characterized by decreased total time of REM sleep, decreased proportion of REM sleep, prolonged latency of REM sleep, and increased frequency of REM to wakefulness in the study group when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). ③The total MRS score, somatic symptom score, psychological symptom score and genitourinary system score were 26.69±5.13, 9.49±2.92, 10.34±2.95 and 6.86±2.89, respectively, in the study group, which were all higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). ④The proportion of REM sleep and the total time of REM sleep were negatively correlated with depression (P < 0.05), while the latency of REM sleep was positively correlated with anxiety and sexual life quality (P < 0.05). Conclusion Insomnia in perimenopausal women is characterized by REM sleep disorder, and REM sleep is closely related to anxiety, depression and sexual life quality.

The resource utilization of solid waste is an important way to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. A lauric acid (LA)/raw fly ash (RFA)-diatomite(DT)/carbon nanotubes(CNT) composite form-stable phase change materials (FSPCM) for thermal energy storage were prepared via simple direct impregnation method, in which LA, RFA-DT binary matrix and CNT were employed as phase change materials(PCMs), the supporting material, and thermal conductive additive, respectively. The loading capacity, structure and thermal properties of FSCPCM were investigated through the diffusion-oozing testing, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetry analysis (TGA) and paperless recorder, respectively. The results show that the RFA-DT binary material can effectively prevent the leakage of LA. When the mass fraction of LA in composite is 28%, the FSPCM without leakage can be obtained. What’s more, the utilization rate of RFA reaches 55%. The FTIR demonstrates that FSPCM has good compatibility between its four components, LA, RFA-DT, and CNT. The melting onset temperature of FSPCM is 45.79 ℃ measured by DSC, and the corresponding latent heat of FSPCM is determined as 51.06 J/g. TGA analysis shows LA/RFA-DT has good thermal stability. The storage/release performance curve indicates that when mass fraction of CNT is added with 5%, the melting and solidification time of LA/RFA-DT/CNT are decreased by 60% and 62.5%, respectively, indicating that the heat transfer performance is remarkably improved.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of bulk-fill composite resin combined with transparent preformed crowns for aesthetic restoration of deciduous incisor of children. Methods A predesigned clinical prospective randomized controlled research method was used to select 90 patients (123 teeth). The random number table method was divided into three groups: A, B, and C. Group A was treated with a bulk-fill composite resin of SF (SonicFill) combined with a transparent preformed crown (41 teeth in 30 cases), and group B was treated with a large block of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill Composite resin combined with transparent preformed crowns (39 teeth in 29 cases). Group C was treated with 3M Z350 XT universal nano resin combined with transparent preformed crowns (43 teeth in 31 cases). The visual analog scale (VAS) and the modified USPHS standard were used to evaluate the completeness, marginal steps, marginal discoloration, surface condition, secondary caries and satisfaction of the parents with prostheses after 12 months. Results Twelve months after the operation, the evaluation indexes of group A were better than those of group B and group C, and the differences were statistically significant, including edge integrity (χ2=10.847, P=0.028), edge step (χ2=7.799, P=0.020), edge discoloration (χ2=10.391, P=0.034), surface state (χ2=11.476, P=0.021), and secondary caries (χ2=10.447, P=0.034). The satisfaction of parents in group A on the overall contour (χ2=10.238, P=0.037), shape and texture (χ2=11.521, P=0.021) were better than those in group B and group C, and the differences were statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the evaluation of color satisfaction among the three groups (χ2=0.990, P=0.610). Conclusion SonicFill bulk-fill composite resin combined with transparent preformed crown is good for short-term aesthetic restoration of deciduous incisor, and parental satisfaction is high.

BackgroundThe electron beams produced by laser plasma acceleration have excellent quality for pulse lengths of the order of fs. Due to the existence of a strong laser field, there are difficulties in direct applications, and more applications need to transmit the electron beams to the application terminal. The energy spread leads to the generation of energy chirp of the electron beam in the transmission.PurposeThis study aims to explore the design of the beam optics to compress the pulse length and keep it on the fs scale.MethodsAn achromatic beamline consisting of bending magnets and quadrupole magnets was designed to compress the pulse length of electron beams. Critical parameters of an achromatic beamline were given by a derived formula. Transformation matrix was employed to investigate the differences of the pulse lengths in achromatic transmission and non-achromatic transmission. The pulse lengths of electron beams with different energies were scanned with different deflection angles (0.3 rad, 0.6 rad, 0.9 rad) and deflection radii (0.15 m, 0.25 m, 0.35 m) to study the influence of beamline parameters. Finally, the magnetic field gradients of the quadrupole lens were adjusted to realize the compression of electron beams with different energies in a beamline.ResultsComparing to non-achromatic transmission, the pulse lengths of electrons with the same energy and different initial divergence angles can be compressed effectively in the achromatic beamline. The larger the deflection angle or the deflection radius, the longer the pulse duration of the electron beam with higher energy (>25 MeV). By adjusting the magnetic field gradients of the quadrupole lens, the pulse lengths can be reduced from more than 100 fs to around 20 fs at higher energies.ConclusionsUsing a fixed-size achromatic beamline, combined with magnetic field strength adjustment, the pulse lengths of electron beams with different energies can be kept on the order of fs after transmission.

BackgroundThe detectors of traditional gamma-ray imaging systems cannot meet the radiation detection requirements of positioning for the nuclear industry application. LaBr3(Ce) crystal is a crystal with high light output, very short decay time of luminescence and large density. As a new type of photoelectric conversion device, SiPM has the advantages of small size, anti-magnetic field interference, low power supply voltage, and good time resolution compared with position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT).PurposeThis study aims to develop a position sensitive detector based on the LaBr3(Ce) crystal coupled with SiPM to achieve high energy resolution, high count rate and miniaturization.MethodsAn 8×8 LaBr3(Ce) crystal array with pixel size 6.4 mm×6.4 mm×20 mm per crystal bar was employed to couple 8×8 SiPM array with silicone grease to form the position sensitive. Then the corresponding readout circuit was designed according to the characteristics of the pulse signal. Finally, 137Cs point sources with different activities were used to test the performance of this detector system and conduct calibration.ResultsTest results show that the average energy resolution of the 64 crystal strips of the detector module is 4.96%, of which the best energy resolution is 3.92% and the worst is 5.91%. Subsequent testing and calibration of the peak position uniformity and sensitivity uniformity of each crystal strip pixel achieve good results.ConclusionsThe position sensitive detector based on the LaBr3(Ce) crystal coupled with SiPM can meet the design requirements of gamma camera imaging in the nuclear industry in terms of energy resolution, peak position uniformity and sensitivity uniformity.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of hypnosis combined with cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in improving the symptoms of patients with chronic insomnia and anxiety. Methods Between March and May, 2018, 48 patients with chronic insomnia and moderate anxiety were recruited from the Psychology Clinic of our center and randomized into the observation group and control group. The patients in the observation group received hypnosis therapy combined with CBT-I for 6 weeks, and those in the control group were treated with CBT-I only. The patients were assessed for anxiety level and sleep quality using Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and immediately after the intervention, and at 1 month and 3 months after the intervention; Cardiopulmonary Coupling Sleep Quality Assessment System (CPC) was used to measure the sleep onset latency (SOL), time in bed (TIB), total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE) of the patients at the same time points. Results At each of the time points after intervention, the patients in the observation group had lower SAS and PSQI scores than those in the control group. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the patients in the observation group had significantly better improvement in the anxiety level and sleep quality than the control patients (P < 0.05). The combined therapies also significantly reduced the SOL and increased TST and SE as compared with CBT-I only (P < 0.05). Conclusion Intervention with CBT-I alone has a poor effect on anxiety and an unstable effect on insomnia. The combination of CBT-I with hypnosis can achieve significant improvements in the anxiety level and sleep quality of the patients with long-lasting and stable effects.

For features of low frequency and low bit rate of elastic wave through-the-earth communication system, a time-division multiple channel segment sliding correlation acquisition method was proposed. The method receives arrived code element in segment, and uses time of receiving next segment code to deal with previous received code segment, namely 1 PN code period is divided into several channel time slots, each time slot carries out fast sliding correlation search between previous received PN sequence segment and local PN code of channel. The theoretical analysis result shows the time-division multiple channel segment sliding correlation acquisition method can get almost the same search speed with parallel acquisition when its hardware cost is the same to serial parallel search. The simulation result validates validity of the acquisition method.

In view of problem that traditional PID control for synchronous generator cannot meet with requirements of oscillation suppression and improvement of dynamic stability limit of power system, the paper proposed the optimal excitation control method for synchronous generator based on AC tracking. It gave deviation and linearization model of excitation system of synchronous generator based on Lagrange method, analyzed definition method of the optimal excitation control quantity and built simulation model of synchronous generator system based on the control method. The simulation result showed that the control method can real-timely control excitation system of synchronous generator to ensure output stability of synchronous generator comparing with traditional PID control method.

The experiment aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of 4-substituted terpyridine zinc-metal complexes. The MICs of these metal complexes against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Streptococcus agalactiae were determined by the microbroth dilution method. The study observed the effects of the metal complexes on bacterial growth, bacterial cell morphology, cell membrane permeability, and intracellular protein expression after the interaction with the complexes, aiming to explore the antibacterial mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that 4-substituted terpyridine zinc-metal complexes exhibited the higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Following the interaction with the complexes, Staphylococcus aureus showed delayed growth, bacterial cells underwent shrinkage and rupture, increased cell membrane permeability, and reduced intracellular protein expression. The study indicates that 4-substituted terpyridine zinc-metal complexes may inhibit bacterial activity by disrupting the bacterial cells or suppressing protein expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking 3 610 representative projects of national intangible cultural heritage in China as the research objects, this paper analyzes the type structure and spatial differentiation characteristics of intangible cultural heritage by using the spatial measurement method. At the same time, this paper uses the spatial relationship model to analyze the relationship between intangible cultural heritage and tangible space carriers such as A-level scenic spots, traditional villages and museums. Besides, this paper use X-means clustering method to divide the integrated development type areas of intangible cultural heritage and tourism with similar advantages. It is found as follows. ➀ In terms of type structure, the number of intangible cultural heritages such as traditional skills and folk customs is the largest. In recent years, the proportion of intangible cultural heritages such as traditional skills, traditional art, folk customs and traditional medicine has increased, which is more integrated into the national strategy and serves the social and economic development. ➁ In terms of spatial distribution, the regional distribution is characterized by "more in the south and less in the north, more in the east and west, less in the middle" and "continuous distribution", with two high-density areas and three secondary high-density areas. In recent years, the number of cities with intangible cultural heritage has gradually increased, but they are still mainly concentrated in municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capitals, coastal open ports and ethnic minority gathering regions. There is a significant positive correlation between intangible cultural heritage and A-level scenic spots, traditional villages and museums, the development potential of integration of A-level scenic spots, traditional villages, museums and intangible cultural heritage is medium, low and high. ➂ China's 337 cities can be divided into four types of areas. There are 10 A-level scenic spots-museum advantage areas, including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, etc., which are mainly municipalities and provincial capitals. There are 20 traditional village advantage areas, including southeast of Guizhou Provide, Jincheng, Huangshan, etc., which are mainly historic and cultural cities and ethnic minority gathering regions. There are 51 secondary advantage areas, including Jiaxing, Weifang and Jining, with the largest number in Shandong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu. Low advantage areas are distributed throughout China. Finally, development suggestions for integration of intangible cultural heritage and tourism are put forward in order to provide theoretical guidance and practical enlightenment for China and each area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jinchuan mining district has undergone a complex tectonic evolution history, and detailed analysis of the post-mineralization deformation characteristics and stress field evolution stages needs to be completed. This paper employs structural analysis methods to stage and correlate the faults in the bedrock of the Jinchuan mining district, determining the structural deformation sequence. It identifies four significant fault combinations in the region, including NE-trending thrust faults and NW-trending strike-slip faults, NE-trending strike-slip faults and NW-trending thrust faults, NW-trending normal faults, and NEE-trending strike-slip faults. The paleo-tectonic stress field of fault is reconstructed by using the lower hemisphere stereographic projection method on the base of studying faults and striations. Combining the paleo-tectonic stress field results with the regional tectonic evolution history, the study accurately defines the stress field evolution stages in the Jinchuan mining district after the mineralization period, which is crucial for understanding regional tectonic evolution and the development of new prospective areas. The results indicate that the Jinchuan mining district experienced four phases of paleo-tectonic stress field after the mineralization period, characterized by multi-stage compression or extension in different directions. These phases responds to a series of regional tectonic thermal events since the Mesozoic respectively: Phase I exhibits a NW–SE compression stress field during the early to middle Jurassic (J1-2); Phase II shows a NE–SW compression stress field during the late Jurassic (J3); Phase III reflects a NE–SW extensional stress field during the Early Cretaceous (K1); Phase IV represents a NE–SW compression stress field since the Late Cretaceous (K2).

BackgroundDepression is a kind of disease with relatively high suicide risk， which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and their families， and brings a great burden to society. Antidepressants in western medicine are effective， but the improvement of depressive symptoms is relatively limited by single use， and the combination of two antidepressants may increase the risk of adverse reactions in patients. The rational use of Chinese patent medicine and western medicine may play a complementary role， and the safety of Chinese patent medicine is high.ObjectiveTo explore the early clinical efficacy of fluoxetine combined with Shugan Jieyu capsule in the treatment of depression， and to compare the differences in efficacy， safety and influence on heart rate variability between fluoxetine combined with Shugan Jieyu capsule and fluoxetine alone， so as to provide references for clinical medication of depression patients.MethodsFrom December 2015 to June 2016， 64 patients who met the diagnostic criteria of depression in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） who were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were selected as the research objects， and were randomly divided into the combined medication group and the fluoxetine group with 32 patients in each group. Patients in both groups were treated with fluoxetine， while patients in the combined medication group were treated with Shugan Jieyu capsule on this basis. Patients in both groups were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item （HAMD-24）， Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） and Heart Rate Variability （HRV） before treatment， and were assessed with HAMD-24 and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale （TESS） at the end of the 2nd， 4th and 6th week of treatment， and HRV was analyzed again at the end of the 6th week of treatment.ResultsThe study ultimately included 60 patients with depression， with 30 cases in the combination therapy group and 30 cases in the fluoxetine group. At the end of the 2nd， 4th and 6th week of treatment， the HAMD-24 score of the combined drug group was lower than that of the fluoxetine group （t=-2.677， -3.960， -4.432， P0.05）.ConclusionCompared with fluoxetine alone， Shugan Jieyu capsule combined with fluoxetine may be better in clinical efficacy and improvement of heart rate variability in patients with depression， without increasing adverse reactions.

A finite element simulation model is established for the gearbox body of 120B metro vehicle model in China. The fatigue strength, static strength and safe nose strength of aluminum alloy and nodular cast iron gearbox are calculated by the finite element method. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress of aluminum alloy case is larger than that of nodular cast iron, and the maximum difference ratio is 36.3%. The static strength and type test of aluminum alloy and nodular cast iron box are compared. The results show that the maximum stress of aluminum alloy case is greater than that of the ductile iron, and the difference ratio is 8.3%. The maximum sound power and vibration value of the aluminum alloy case are greater than that of the nodular cast iron case, but the average bearing temperature decreases by about 10 ℃. Although the strength of the aluminum alloy case is weaker than that of the nodular cast iron case, the overall factor of safety of the aluminum alloy case is higher than that of the nodular cast iron case, which can still meet the service life of 33 years or 9.6 million kilometers requirements. In this study, the applicability of aluminum alloy box is analyzed. The results show that both the aluminum ductile iron and the aluminum alloy can be used in metro gearboxes; both materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, and priority selection can be made during design based on the specific requirements of the vehicle.

The study was to explore the combination of fermentation strains and solid-state fermentation technology to improve the nutritional value of Maotai-flavor liquor grains and the application effect of distiller's grains on lambs. Using Maotai-flavor liquor lees as a single fermentation substrate, using eight combinations of six microbial strains for solid-state fermentation, using orthogonal experiment design to further optimize the conditions of the fermentation substrate moisture, fermentation temperature and fermentation time, to carry out solid-state fermentation scale-up test in production workshop, and the relevant nutritional indicators and mycotoxins were detected. 27 weaned female lambs with similar body weight and age were randomly divided into three groups, with three replicates in each group and three lambs in each replicate. The lambs in control group were fed with a basal diet, the lambs in group I were fed with a basal diet + 50 g/d MFFDG, and the lambs in group II were fed with a basal diet + 150 g/d MFFDG. The experiment lasted for 13 w. The results showed that the eight strains combinations could significantly increase the true protein content in distiller's grains (P<0.05). Group E (0.10% S. cerevisiae + 0.20% C. utilis + 0.0,5% B. subtilis+ 0.05% A. niger+ 0.05% A. oryzae), group G (0.10% S. cerevisiae + 0.05% A.niger+ 0.05% A. oryzae) and group F (0.10% S. cerevisiae + 0.25% C. utilis+ 0.05% B. subtilis + 0.05% B. licheniformis + 0.05% A. niger + 0.05% A. oryzae) had the better improvement effect. The optimum fermentation process was 38 1C with 55% water content for 5 d. The content of true protein, crude protein and calcium in Maotai-flavor distiller's grains were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the contents of crude fibre and organic matter were significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with those before fermentation, and emetic toxin was significantly increased compared with before fermentation (P<0.05), but the content was far lower than the limit level of feed production. Feeding fermented lees to weaned lambs could significantly increase average daily gain (P<0.05) and decrease feed to gain ratio (P<0.05), but it had no significant effect on average daily feed intake (P>0.05). The experiment indicates that the combination of S. cerevisiae, A. niger and A. oryzae and the optimized conditions can significantly improve the nutritional value of white distiller's grains. Adding MFFDG in basal diet can effectively improve the performance of weaned lambs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on data of domestic service enterprises in operation and domestic service network attention in 297 Chinese cities at and above the prefectural level, this paper establishes an assessment indicator system for the development and demand of domestic service industry, and analyzes the characteristics of spatial differentiation and the degree of coupling coordination of the development and demand of urban domestic service industry in China by means of mean square error decision method, coupling coordination degree model and spatial autocorrelation. The result shows that: 1) In general, the development of domestic service industry in Chinese cities is at a low level and exists relatively great regional difference, with a trend of stepped reduction from the east of China to the middle to the west, which shows a dotty pattern that the core city of an urban agglomeration is prominent, while the demand of domestic service industry exists relatively small regional difference but obvious agglomeration in space, which forms four high-value agglomeration areas including the Yangtze River Delta, the Bohai Rim, the Pearl River Delta, and the west coast of the Taiwan Straits. 2) The degree of coupling coordination is at a moderate level on the whole, and the east-west direction is the main direction that spatial differentiation generates; meanwhile, the coupling coordination degree shows the significant characteristic of agglomeration, and typical agglomeration areas are the core of an urban agglomeration, its periphery and the provincial center, and the edge of the province. 3) With the decline of cities at level, the level of coupling coordination degree transforms from an extreme high level to a low level, and the proportion of cities with backward development in domestic service industry also rises gradually. However, the main reasons for the lower coupling coordination degree are the small quantity of domestic service enterprises and their lower service quality and scale. Finally, based on the type of coupling coordination degree, the paper puts forward specific solutions and suggestions to provide theoretical foundation for the realization of a higher level of dynamic balance between supply and demand of domestic service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When applying to heterogeneous spatio-temporal field data, high dimensional tensor analysis methods can result in estimation biases. Establishment of a local-to-global feature analysis framework can improve the accuracies of tensor analysis, yet the framework will increase the complexity of data model due to the involvement of data objects with distinct dimensions and data structures. In this paper, we start from the characteristics of the tensor model to establish the data organization and expression structure for tensor subspace and tensor block using tensor operators. Based on the object-oriented representation of spatial-temporal field data, we define the classes and operations of data model which are applicable to heterogeneous spatial-temporal field data, and further design the data analysis methods with the model. The validation results based on meteorological reanalysis data show that the data model can effectively support a unified organization and representation of heterogeneous spatial-temporal field data and outperforms traditional tensor-based methods in supporting the feature extraction of dimensionally asymmetric and structurally heterogeneous spatial-temporal field data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the extreme environment of the cold and arid salt desert in northwest China, finding and discovering indigenous high-yielding urease microorganisms is the key to the research on the solidification and fixation of the surface salt desert soil or desert soil microenvironment. This paper takes the screening of salt-tolerant and high-producing urease microorganisms in the salt desert environment of the Qaidam Basin as the research objective. For the soil samples, water samples and salt-tolerant plants in the environment, techniques such as purification and separation, strain urease activity determination, and Berthelot reaction are used, to screen, isolate and identify an indigenous salt-tolerant high-producing urease microorganism, and further conduct the experimental study on the indigenous microbial flora, urease activity, mineralization ability and safety. The results showed that the indigenous salt-tolerant and high-producing urease microorganisms that were screened this time belonged to a kind of Staphylococcus xylosus, and its urease activity showed a peak change with the life cycle of the microorganisms, with the highest value of 2.24 U/mL, which belonged to the high-yielding microorganisms. The microorganism produces 8.6% of new calcium carbonate in a 10 mL induction solution with a soluble salt content of 7%, and possesses the ability of microbial mineralization. The indigenous salt-tolerant and high-yielding urease microorganisms screened out in the salt desert environment can be used for theoretical and technological innovation research on the prevention and control of microbial mineralization in the cold and dry salt desert in northwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical features and resuscitation outcome of adult patients with cardiac arrest (CA) in intensive care unit, and discuss the related factors affecting the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adult patients with CA. Methods The clinical data of CA patients in the intensive care unit of the First Hospital of Jilin University from September 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the outcome indicators, the patients were divided into return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) group and non-ROSC group, survival-discharge group and death group. The relevant factors affecting resuscitation outcome were discussed. Results A total of 351 patients with CA were included in this study, including 206 males and 145 females; the median age was 63 years. There were 191 patients with cardiogenic CA and 267 patients with non-defibrillation rhythm (cardiac arrest and no electrical activity) at the onset of CA. After treatment with CPR, 152 patients had ROSC, of whom 42 survived and were discharged. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that coronary artery disease, non-defibrillation rhythm, no defibrillation rhythm during resuscitation, no electric defibrillation, and no emergency endotracheal intubation were the possible factors that reduced the incidence of ROSC. Young age, CPR duration ≤30 min, and small cumulative dose of epinephrine were the possible factors that increased the incidence of ROSC. Non-cardiogenic etiology, non-defibrillable rhythm, no electric defibrillation, and no defibrillable rhythm during resuscitation decreased the likelihood of survival and discharge, whereas CPR duration ≤30 min and a small cumulative dose of epinephrine increased the likelihood of survival and discharge. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CPR duration > 30 min was an independent risk factor for ROSC, and young age, emergency tracheal intubation, and small cumulative epinephrine dose were independent protective factors for ROSC. CPR duration > 30 min was an independent risk factor for survival and discharge, and cardiogenic etiology and presence of defibrillable rhythm during resuscitation were independent protective factors for survival and discharge. Conclusions CPR duration, cumulative epinephrine dose, CA initial rhythm, electric defibrillation, and emergence of defibrillable rhythm during resuscitation are associated factors for ROSC as well as survival and discharge, and CPR duration > 30 min is an independent risk factor. Clinical attention should be paid to these factors in order to improve the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

We reported a rare case of asymptomatic bronchial Dieulafoy's disease diagnosed by enhanced chest CT combined with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). The enhanced chest CT showed nodular neoplasm in the left main bronchus and partial enhancement in arterial phase. Bronchoscopy showed nodular mucosal protrusion lesion at the distal end of the left main bronchus, and the protrusion lesion had smooth surface and no pulsation, with some microvessels on it, and obvious submocasal blood flow signals were seen by endobronchial ultrasound. The diagnosis of bronchial Dieulafoy disease was considered based on the above findings and biopsy was not performed. In patients without haemoptysis, if there are nodular neoplasms in the main airway on bronchoscopy, enhanced chest CT combined with EBUS can be used to diagnose bronchial Dieulafoy's disease and avoid fatal haemorrhage due to conventional biopsy. The method is non-invasive, safe and effective, and worthy of clinical application.

ObjectiveTo investigate the Alzheimer-associated neurofilament protein （AD7c-NTP） in urine of middle-aged and elderly people and its correlation between common metabolites.MethodsA total of 1 150 middle-aged and elderly people who did their physical exmanination in the health examination center of the Sichuan Science City Hospital and the Third Hopital of Mianyang were recruited from March 2017 to March 2020. The level of urine AD7c-NTP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and common metabolites in blood were measured by biochemical analyzer. Based on urine AD7c-NTP level ≤1.5 ng/mL， the objects was divided into normal group （n=956） and elevated group （n=194）. Thier demographic data and blood biochemical indicators were collected.ResultsThe urine AD7c-NTP level in middle-aged and elderly people was 0.60（0.30~1.20） ng/mL. The urine AD7c-NTP level was higher in women than that in men ［1.04（0.40~1.30） ng/mL vs. 0.84（0.30~1.00） ng/mL， Z=4.202， P˂0.01］. And the urine AD7c-NTP level was lower in the normal group than that in the elevated group ［0.50（0.30~0.90） ng/mL vs. 2.10（1.70~2.10） ng/mL， Z=22.035， P˂0.01］. The results of the univariate comparison showed that， the differences between the two groups in age （Z=6.545）， fasting glucose （Z=3.506）， blood uric acid （Z=2.574）， urea nitrogen （Z=2.891）， creatinine （Z=2.243）， total bilirubin （Z=3.936）， glutathione （Z=0.969）， total cholesterol （t=3.956） and low density lipoprotein （Z=-5.678） were were statistically significant （P˂0.05 or 0.01）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that， the urine AD7c-NTP level was positively correlated with age and the levels of urea nitrogen， glucose， total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein （r=0.177， 0.178， 0.171， 0.109， 0.149， P˂0.01）， and negatively correlated with the level of total bilirubin （r=-0.172， P˂0.01）.Conclusionthe urine AD7c-NTP level in middle-aged and elderly females was signifitcantly higher than in middle-aged and elderly males.The urine AD7c-NTP level of middle-aged and elderly people was positively correlated with age， urea nitrogen， glucose， total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein， and negatively correlated with total bilirubin.

A finite element simulation model is established for the gearbox body of 120B metro vehicle model in China. The fatigue strength, static strength and safe nose strength of the aluminum alloy and the nodular cast iron gearbox are calculated by the finite element method; the results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the aluminum alloy case is larger than that of the nodular cast iron case, and the maximum difference ratio is 36.3%. The static strength and type test of aluminum alloy and nodular cast iron box are compared. The results show that the maximum stress of aluminum alloy case is greater than that of ductile iron, and the difference ratio is 8.3%, the maximum sound power and vibration value of the aluminum alloy case are greater than that of the nodular cast iron case, but the average bearing temperature decreases by about 10 ℃. Although the strength of the aluminum alloy case is weaker than that of the nodular cast iron case, the overall factor of safety of the aluminum alloy case is higher than that of the nodular cast iron case, and can still meet the service life of 33 years or 9.6 million km requirements. In this paper, the applicability of aluminum alloy box is analyzed. The results show that both aluminum ductile iron and aluminum alloy can be used in metro gear box, and can be based on the specific requirements of the vehicle preference selection in the design.

In Older to clarify the affinity interaction of reactive blue 4 (RB-4), the molecular mechanism of the interaction between RB-4 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by ultraviolet absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and molecular docking method. The results show that the hydrophobic groups in BSA are exposed by the interaction between RB-4 and BSA. RB-4 is reacted with BSA through static quenching mechanism, and the number of binding sites is about 2. The thermodynamic parameters of binding process are calculated as Δ C < 0 as well as ΔH and Δ 5 > 0, which suggest that the binding process is a spontaneous exothermic process and the main force is hydrophobic interaction. The tertiary structure of BSA is disrupted after the binding between RB-4 and BSA. The hydrophobicity of the microenvironment around the tyrosine residues and tryptophan residues is enhanced. The key interaction sites of amino acid is Phe-567, Ala-568, Ala-510, Val-575, Pro-572, Phe-508 and Phe-506, and there are certain electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study redescribed Myxobolus tanakai Kato, et al., 2017 parasitizing the gills of Carassius auratus auratus from Jiangjin District of Chongqing based on morphological and molecular data (18S rDNA), and compared M. tanakai with other genetic related species using phylogeny. Morphologically, the spores were long pear-shaped with a posterior blunt end and a size of (14.58±0.54) µm x (6.09±0.37) μm. The two polar capsules were equal; polar filaments perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the polar capsules wounded eight to ten coils; a large triangle intercapsular appendix was observed in front of the two polar capsules; iodinophilous vacuoles was evident. Molecularly, three 18S rDNA sequences from three different samples were 99.3%-99.6% identical and clustered in a branch of phylogenetic tree with that of M. tanakai populations from the gills of Cyprinus carpio in Yamaguchi City, Japan. The results indicated that the present organism is the same species as M. tanakai from Japan. This is a new record for Chinese M. tanakai, and goldfish is a new host record. The comparative results of secondary structure of 18S rDNA V2, V4 and V7 revealed that intraspecific variation already existed in M. tanakai, which might contribute to host differentiation and geographical isolation. In addition, whether certain sequences reported in GenBank belong to Myxobolus koi remained to be clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Magnesium and its alloys hold good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and degradability, which can be clinically used as the membrane guiding bone regeneration in guided bone regeneration technology. OBJECTIVE: To explore the in vitro corrosion and in vivo biosafety of biodegradable high-purity magnesium film. METHODS: The pure magnesium sample and the pure titanium sample were respectively immersed in artificial saliva. After 7 and 14 days, the sample was taken out to observe the surface corrosion, the weight loss rate and the average corrosion rate of the sample, and the pH value in the artificial saliva were determined. Six healthy mongrel dogs (provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Jinzhou Medical University) were selected to establish a bilateral mandibular defect model. The left side was implanted with pure magnesium film and the right side was implanted with titanium film. At 12 weeks postoperatively, specimens of the mandibular experimental area were removed for gross observation and X-ray examination. The histopathological observation of major organs was performed at the same time. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jinzhou Medical University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In vitro immersion test: pitting corrosion occurred on the surface of pure magnesium sample. Corrosion degradation became more and more serious with the immersion time. After 14 days of immersion, it showed surface corrosion. Pure titanium film showed no obvious corrosion. The pH value of the soaked pure magnesium film solution increased continuously, and it basically became balanced after 7 days, and remained at about 10. The pH value of pure titanium film was relatively stable, and slightly lower than that of pure magnesium film, and maintained at about 8.6. The weight loss rate of pure magnesium film immersed for 14 days was higher than that at 7 days (P < 0.05), and the average corrosion rate was lower than that of 7 days (P < 0.05). There was no obvious degradation behavior of pure titanium film, and no quality loss at each time point. (2) In vivo implantation experiment: film material in the pure magnesium film group was completely degraded, the trabecular bone arranged closely which formed a three-dimensional network structure, and some bone tissues were reconstructed into mature bones, but bone defects still existed. In the pure titanium film group, the defect area was filled with newly bom bone tissue, the number of new trabecular bone was increased, and the trabecular bone in an order and tight arrangement. The bone volume fraction and bone pore volume fraction of the bone defect zone in the pure magnesium film group were significantly higher than those in the pure titanium film group (P < 0.05). There were no abnormalities in the liver and kidney structure of the experimental dogs, and no inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. (3) These results suggest that pure magnesium film can promote the bone healing in canine mandibular bone defect area, and the biosafety is good, but its corrosion resistance needs to be further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective :To explore the effect of quality control circle (QCC) activities on blood concentration monitoring of isoniazid, and to find out the controllable factors that caused the abnormal low values of blood concentration of isoniazid, reduce abnormal low values and the low value rate of isoniazid. Methods : A QCC activity group was set up, with the theme of the activity selected, the present status tightly grasped, the objectives correctly targeted, the related reasons analyzed and the counter- measures developed. Results : The abnormal low values of isoniazid in blood concentration monitoring decreased from 11. 67% to 4. 10%, and the low value rate of isoniazid decreased from 50.93% to 35. 81%. Conclusion; The application of QCC activities effectively improved the procedures of blood concentration monitoring of anti-tuberculosis drugs, and improved the accuracy of detection results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first pod height is a key indicator of soybean varieties suitable for mechanical harvest. Varieties with lower first pod height may cause part of the plant to be cut or missed during mechanical harvesting, resulting in total yield loss. Therefore, the candidate genes related to the first pod high traits in soybean is very important for soybean mechanization breeding. In this study, the Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping (ICIM) method was used to map the QTLs of soybean first pod height traits for 208 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL), and obtained 9 QTLs related to soybean first pods height which were distributed on 8 linkage groups. Combined with the BSA resequencing results, QTLs related to soybean first pod height were mapped to 1.1Mb on the C1 linkage group and 0.05Mb on the L linkage group, and gene annotation was performed. Through gene annotation database and informatics analysis, five candidate genes related to soybean first pod height were obtained in two consensus QTL intervals. These results provided theoretical basis for fine QTL mapping of soybean first pod height and selective breeding of mechanized high-quality and high-yield soybean varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo determine the association between air pollutants （PM2.5， PM10， SO2， NO2） and death from respiratory diseases in Wuhan.MethodsDaily air pollutants， meteorological data and mortality from respiratory disease between 2014 and 2019 were collected for a descriptive analysis. A time series semi-parametric generalized additive model （GAM） was used to determine the exposure-effect relationship between atmospheric pollutants and daily mortality from respiratory diseases，and the excess risk （ER） was used to quantify the effects of air pollutants on death from respiratory diseases.ResultsThere was significant effect of PM2.5， PM10， SO2 and NO2 on respiratory diseases mortality. In the period with strongest effect， the ER of death from respiratory diseases were 2.803%（95%CI：2.151%‒3.460%）， 1.878%（95%CI：1.477%‒2.281%）， 10.210%（95%CI：7.922%‒12.549%）， 4.564%（95%CI：3.530%‒5.608%）， along with an incremental 10 μg·m-3 of PM2.5，PM10，SO2 and NO2， respectively. Furthermore， females were more sensitive to PM2.5， SO2 and NO2， while males were more sensitive to PM10. Residents aged less than 65 years were more sensitive to PM2.5 and NO2， and those older than 65 years were more sensitive to PM10 and SO2.ConclusionAir pollutants （PM2.5， PM10， SO2， and NO2） in Wuhan are associated with the death from respiratory diseases. Therefore， at-risk groups should be considered for formulating local policies against air pollution.

Aerospace integrated circuits represent core components of space electronic systems, and anti-radiation hardening is a key technology to ensure the reliable operation of aerospace integrated circuits in the space domain. As the feature sizes of integrated circuits shrink to the nanometer scale, the single-event effect gradually becomes the most critical factor limiting the radiation-hardened performance level of aerospace integrated circuits. In this study, radiation hardened by design is utilized as a method to develop radiation-hardened performance. Based on single-event radiation tests on a heavy ion accelerator, new methods are proposed for the single-event test evaluation of new processes and devices. Consequently, new technique development and radiation effect law research are also undertaken. The effectiveness of the design hardening technology is evaluated, and a single-event radiation damage mechanism is discovered. The proposed technology provides key support for the production of high-reliability and long-lifetime aerospace integrated circuit products.

Neotectonic movements and the changing natural environment have profoundly influenced human settlements on their formation and distribution. The Gushan uplift, Niandi low-lying area and Sanguan highland developed from north to south in the central section of the E'mei tableland; however, human settlements nowadays distribute on the peripheral slopes around the low-lying area rather than right in the Niandi low-lying area. Our field investigation reveals that the Malan loess is overlied by a set of alluvial-diluvial deposits, lacustrine deposits, and fluvial deposits. This paper mainly presents field evidence and chronological analyses of OSL and 14C for the typical sections of different geomorphic sites to discuss the geological environment evolution of the E'mei tableland during the late Pleistocene-Holocene and its influence on the migration of human settlements. Our field investigation and analysis results show that the formation age of the bottom of the late Pleistocene lacustrine deposits above the loess in the Niandi low-lying area is about 17 ka B.P., indicating a depression had developed in the middle section of the E'mei tableland during this period with water converging in, forming a lake afterwards. Combined with the regional structural data, it is speculated that the formation of this depression was caused by the fault activity on the north side of the Sanguan highland. The location of 5000-year-old ruins of Jingcun Village and Yuanjiazhuang Village shows that the lake may have expanded to the piedmont of Gushan in the middle Holocene. Along with increasing dryness of climate and the shrinkage of lake, human settlements kept migrating to the low-lying lands. Nowadays, villages around the periphery of the Niandi low-lying area carries on the distribution pattern of living by water in the middle-late Holocene, which indicates that the distribution and evolution of human settlements are closely connected with the changes of natural environment.

[Objectives] Sandwich plate system(SPS)has superior impact resistance and can be used in a design for the partial strengthening of a bow to improve its anti-slamming performance.[Methods] Nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA is used to analyze the structural energy absorption and stress of the SPS-clad bow under slamming loads,designed according to the principle of mass equivalence. The energy absorption characteristics of the SPS-clad bow are then compared with those of a traditional steel bow.[Results] The results show that the peak specific energy absorption of the SPS-clad bow is 18.2% higher than that of the steel bow;the outer panel of the SPS cladding is the main energy absorption component of the bow,and the increase in the peak specific energy absorption of the SPS cladding of the bow is 41.3% higher than that of the steel bow;the peak stress of the inner panel of the SPS-clad bow is smaller.[Conclusions] The application of SPS cladding for the partial strengthening of a bow can significantly improve the energy absorption effect of the structure,buffer slamming loads,reduce internal structural stress and ensure structural safety. It is an effective means of improving the overall ultimate bearing capacity of a bow under slamming conditions. These research results can provide references for the design and manufacture of high-performance ships.

Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats remain the fundamental focus of defense on the battlefield. In developed Western countries and transnational military organizations, training for CBRN threats is conducted primarily in specialized military bases. This article summarizes the facility construction, design of the training courses and equipment of important CBRN bases of foreign armies and describes the representative scenario-based training programs, for example, Muscataturk Urban Training Center (USA), Vibrant Response (USA). Hohenfels Training Area (German), CBRN training of Oberammergau College of NATO, and the CBRN Defense Center of the Department of Defense of the United Kingdom, providing also details concerning the military forces participating in the training, their specific tasks and items in the training. The practices of the foreign militaries in base-conducted CBRN training offer valuable experiences that may help to improve CBRN training and medical service support of the armed forces in China.

Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) defense training is an essential means to deal with CBRN threats, and is given great importance by military forces in different countries. This article summarizes CBRN training methods adopted by foreign armies, and introduces various CBRN training methods including computer simulation training, base training, simulation equipment training, simulated chemical warfare chemical agent training, station-touring training, non-military scenario training, and transnational training. In the CBRN training, foreign armies emphasize internet- and computer-based training, the establishment of high level training bases and scenario-simulating equipment, the application of station-touring training, and the combination with non-military conditions. The practices of foreign military forces provide valuable lessons for improving the techniques, approaches and the overall level of CBRN training quality in China.

Aiming at the problems of insufficient comprehensiveness and low accuracy in evaluating the operation status of wind power gearbox, an evaluation method based on grey cloud model clustering analysis and cloud gravity center deviation theory is proposed. A relatively complete evaluation system for wind power gearbox can effectively improve the accuracy of the evaluation results is established. A preliminary clustering analysis of the gearbox is carried out by using the grey cloud model, and the general evaluation results of the current operation of the wind power gearbox are obtained. On this basis, the cloud gravity center offset of standard cloud model and current cloud model is calculated, which further improves the reliability of the evaluation results. Through the state evaluation of the real wind power gearbox measurement data and comparing with the gear box record state, it is proved that the proposed evaluation method has certain accuracy and usability value.

BackgroundThe high power ion source is the one of the key components of a neutral beam injection system. Long pulse operation of ion source is required for fusion sciences research, but challenges come from the easy break down when operated with long pulse and high power. [Propose] This study aims to optimize the control and operation of ion source to achieve long pulse operation.MethodsBased on the beam re-turn on technology, an ion source self-adjusting method was developed. It included the optimization of ion source control logic, power supply system and interlock system. Operation characteristic of high power ion source was analyzed, and the key parameters of ion source operation was real-time monitored to find the abnormal conditions. The high current ion source was tested with beam re-turn on from one time only to several times for long pulse operation.Results & ConclusionsThe high power ion source is tested with beam re-turn on technology and achieves 27 s beam duration with one megawatts beam power successfully. The successful application of beam re-turn on technology in this study provides support for long pulse operation of high-power ion source.