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The ion source is one of the key devices for the high-intensity cyclotron, which exerts influence on the beam intensity and applications of the machine. As part of the cyclotron research and development effort, China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has been developing arc discharge H- ion sources based on volume production and multi-cusp magnetic configuration since 1997. In 2000, 5.2 mA H- beam was reached and 15 mA H- beam was achieved in 2010. After a long break, H- ion source development started again in 2022 in order to improve performance of the main H- ion source of the CIAE 18 MeV cyclotron and to fulfill the requirement of future other high intensity proton beam cyclotrons for the high intensity H- ion. A new H- ion source and test stand was built at CIAE in 2023. The design of this new ion source was based on the experience on our previous 15-20 mA H- ion source and the source at TRIUMF. Major efforts included the study of the virtual filter magnetic field for filtering out fast electrons, multi-cusp confining magnetic field, four-half-circle ring filaments length and location, improvement of extraction structure and upgrading of vacuum system and power supplies. Up to now, more than 21 mA of H- beam were obtained at a high voltage of 35 kV from a plasma electrode hole of 13 mm in diameter when the hydrogen flux was 25 sccm. At this output the maximum arc power available is only 4.5 kW and the e/H- ratio is about 5. When the hydrogen flux is higher or extraction high voltage is higher, H- beam currents can reach 22 mA. However, the H- beam is very unstable with terrible sparks at extraction and acceleration gaps in this case, about five times a minute. This appears to be due to the lack of a differential pumping structure, which also results in an unexpectedly high hydrogen flux. In the experiment, the relationship between arc power and H- beam intensity was determined, also the optimal location of the four-filament structure was determined, which is obviously related to the virtual filter magnetic field distribution. At present, the emittance scanner is being processed and the measurement program is also updated and improved, the beam emittance has not been measured and analyzed at this stage. Subsequently, the vacuum chamber structure will be improved, the extraction structure also will be optimized to obtain brighter H- beam, and a long-lasting filament will be developed to reduce maintenance time.

Objective： Optimized the drying process of jujube slices and improved the product quality. Methods： Taking jujube slices as the research object, the correlation between conversion moisture content, infrared temperature and slice thickness and drying time and drying rate was studied, and the change rule of effective moisture diffusion coefficient of jujube slices in FD-IRD with conversion moisture content, infrared temperature and slice thickness was calculated, and the drying activation energy of jujube slices in FD-IRD was calculated according to the test data. Results： The lower the conversion moisture content is, the shorter the infrared drying time was. But the lower the conversion moisture content would greatly increase the freeze drying time. Proper increase of infrared drying temperature was beneficial to increase the effective diffusion coefficient of water. The thinner the slice is, the higher the drying rate was. Reducing the slice thickness can improve the effective water diffusion coefficient and shorten the drying time. The front and rear two stages were both speeds reducing drying processes. The effective moisture diffusion coefficients of freeze-drying and infrared drying under different drying conditions by solving Fick's second law were 3.39×10-9~9.47×10-9 and 3.34×10-9~2.01×10-8 m2/s, respectively; The drying activation energy of the infrared drying stage was 59.03 kJ/mol calculated by Anius formula. Conclusion： The conversion moisture content is 30%, and the infrared temperature is 60 ℃. Under the condition of slice thickness of 6 mm, the freeze infrared combined drying technology has short drying time and high efficiency.

Objective: This study aimed to the optimize infrared drying process of Hami-melon slices and improve quality and efficiency. Methods: Using ultrasonic treatment as a pretreatment method, the effects of drying temperature, slice thickness and ultrasonic treatment time on drying time, color difference value and vitamin C content were studied, and the drying time, quality and microstructure of the products were compared with those without ultrasonic treatment. Results: The optimal process parameters of ultrasonic pretreatment for infrared drying of Hami-melon slices were drying temperature 61 ℃, slice thickness 6 mm and ultrasonic treatment time 15 min. Under the control of these conditions, the drying time was 115 min, the color difference value was 13.79, and the vitamin C content was 112.1 mg/100 g. Compared with the untreated products, the drying time was shortened by 45.24%, the color difference was reduced by 13.38%, and the vitamin C content was increased by 16.71%. The microstructure showed that ultrasonic waves caused the expansion and contraction of the internal tissue of Hami-melon slices, and the structure was multi-channel. Conclusion: Ultrasonic treatment can be used as a pretreatment method to improve the infrared drying of Hami-melon slices, thereby improve the quality and efficiency of the drying process.

In order to solve the serious waste of wood powder from Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz heart wood and improve the high value utilization of yak wool, natural pigment was extracted from Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz powder to dye decolorization yak wool. Ethanol concentration (V : V), pH value of dyeing solution, dyeing temperature and dyeing time were determined by single-factor tests. Orthogonal tests were carried out on pH value, temperature and dyeing time. And then the color fastness to perspiration and color fastness to washing were combined to determine the best dyeing process. The results show that best dyeing process is as follow. The ethanol concentration (V : V) is 20%, the pH value of the dyeing solution is 7, the dyeing temperature is 90 °C and the dyeing time is 90 min. The dyeing process is simple. It provides a new idea for waste utilization of Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz powder and high value utilization of yak wool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five different strains including Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasein and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were used to ferment blueberry jiaosu. Using superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total soluble solids (TSS) content, and pH value as indicators, in the beginning, uniform design was used to determine the best inoculation ratio of five different strains. Secondly, there were four single factor experiments including fermentation time, temperature, initial bacterial density and initial TSS contend. Finally, the fermentation process was optimized by response surface method. The goal of this work is fermenting blueberry jiaosu products with high SOD activity. The results showed that the optimal inoculation ratios of Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillusparacasei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus are 22.45%, 42.86%, 14.29%, 16.33%, 4.10%, respectively. The optimized fermentation conditions are: 36 h of time, 37 °C of temperature, 5.5*106 CFU/mL of the initial inoculation amount, 11 °Brix of the initial TSS content. After fermentation, the SOD activity of blueberry jiaosu finally reached 87.45 U/g. In summary, this study optimized the best inoculation ratio of multiple strains through uniform design and optimized the optimal fermentation process through response surface methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of carbonization treatment on flame retardance and somke suppression of reconstituted bamboo were investigated by cone calorimeter, oxygen index meter and smoke density meter. Results show that: carbonization treatment could decrease heat release rate (HRR) and mass loss rate (MLR) of reconstituted bam- boo, decrease total heat release (THR), increase oxygen index (L()l), and delay time to ignition (TT1). the peak of HRR (pkHRR) decreased by 36.6%, the time of reaching pkHRR was delayed by 450 s, TT1 increased by 5 times, L()l increased by 49.3 %, the peak of mass loss rate (pkMLR) decreased by 21.8%, and the time of reaching pkMLR was delayed by 505 s; carbonization treatment significantly decreased smoke produce rate (SPR), total smoke rate (TSR), smoke density rate (SDR), carbon monoxide release rate (COP) and carbon dioxide release rate(CO2P) of the reconstituted bamboo. SDR of reconstituted bamboo decreased by 35.9%, time of reaching the maximum COP and CO2P was delayed by about 600 s. Carbonization treatment had obvious effects on flame retardant and smoke suppression reconstituted bamboo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drying is one of the most common processing methods for fruits and vegetables. Enhancing drying rate and dried products' quality as well as energy efficiency is very tempting for drying industry. Recently, a lot of investigations have illustrated that drying temperature, air velocity and sample's thickness have a significant influence on drying process. High drying temperature and velocity can extensively reduce drying time and enhance drying rate. However, few investigations take into account hot air relative humidity (RH) as important drying parameter in drying process. Some literatures showed that decreasing RH would lead to a steeper slope of moisture ratio decreasing. Whereas, some researches pointed out that there was no effect of RH on the drying rate in specified range of RH. In general, high RH can contribute to a rapid increase of product temperature. It is expected that with high RH pretreatment, the temperature and moisture tend to be equivalent and after that the RH can be reduced to enhance drying rate. In this circumstance, the temperature and moisture gradient between sample and drying air become consistent and the high efficient drying process could be achieved. Drying process refers to heat and mass transfer efficiency, energy consuming and products quality. Theoretical models, semi-theoretical and empirical models are widely used to describe drying process. However, those models neglect the fundamentals of the drying process and their parameters have no physical meaning and do not help in the optimization. Recently, Weibull model was used to describe drying process because of its applicability. Based on Weibull model, the relationship between scale parameters as well as shape parameters and drying process could be developed. So in current work, carrot slabs were used to explore the drying characteristics under the drying condition of constant RH and of decreasing RH step by step, together with constant drying temperature and constant air velocity. Result showed that under the condition of constant RH, drying rate would rise up in the initial drying period and then drop afterwards, additionally, drying rate was more rapid under lower RH. Drying time was decreased when reducing RH, and drying time under 20% RH was reduced by 27.6% compared to that under 50% RH. However, material's temperature would be the highest under 50% RH drying condition. Besides, under the drying condition of decreasing the RH step by step, when 50% RH was kept for 30 min and then was changed to 20% RH, the drying time was saved by 18.5% compared to constant 20% RH drying condition. When 50% RH was kept for 30 min or more than 30 min, there were 2 accelerating periods of drying rate. The material's temperature would decrease as the RH decreased because of moisture evaporation. Weibull model could fit the drying curves under different conditions accurately. The scale parameter ranged from 1.864 to 3.635 and the shape parameter ranged from 1.296 to 1.713. So there was a lag period according to the shape parameter value. Based on Weibull model, the moisture effective diffusivity calculated was in the range of 1.17×10-9-2.92×10-9 m2/s. Taking rehydration ratio, color value, drying time and energy consuming into account, 50% RH kept for 30 min and then reduced to 20% RH was proposed as the favorable condition for drying carrot slabs. The present work contributes to a better understanding of the effect of relative humidity on drying characteristics of carrot slabs, which is useful for enhancing drying rate and dried products' quality as well as energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Effects of climate warming and rainfall on overwintering regions of Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) in China were studied to provide references for forecasting and controlling this species. [Method] Climate change scenarios and Kriging within Climex and ArcGis were used to analyze the effects of climate warming and rainfall on overwintering regions of S. exigua in China. [Result] The results showed that the northern overwintering boundary of S. exigua shifted northward after winter temperature had risen 1°C, 2°C and 3°C. However, the northern overwintering boundary of S. exigua could be less affected by rainfall (-60%, -40%, -20%, 0%, +20%, +40% and +60%), which mainly influenced the fitness of this species in overwintering and perennial damage regions. [Conclusion]The northern overwintering boundary of S. exigua shifts northward after rise in temperature during winter while rainfall affects the fitness of this species in overwintering and perennial damage regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the drying time, the middle short-wave infrared radiation combined with air impingement drying was used to dry Hami-melon slices in this study. The effects of drying temperature of 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, and 80 °C, radiation distance of 80, 120, and 160 mm, and sample thickness with 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 mm, moisture effective diffusivity, and drying activation energy of Hami-melon slices were investigated through a series of experiments. Results indicated that the drying time of Hami-melon slices by infrared combined with air impingement drying was about 2-3.5 h. The drying time was decreased when compared with other drying technologies. The whole drying process occurred in the falling rate drying stage. The moisture effective diffusivity determined by Fick's second law varied from 10.65×10-10 to 33.76×10-10m2/s and from 8.06×10-10 to 39.97×10-10m2/s with increasing drying temperature and sample thickness, respectively. The drying activation energy was 7.788kJ/mol calculated based on Arrhenius equation. The energy needed to trigger drying is very small, drying can be operable easily using the middle short wave radiation combined with air impingement drying technology. The kinetics of surface temperature changes indicated that it increased quickly in the initial and middle drying stages and the drying process was accelerated due to the energy directly combined with water. This paper provides theoretical background and technical information for applying the middle short wave infrared combined with air impingement drying on Hami-melon slices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the traditional sensor technology of particles, smoke, photoelectric and so on, imaging-based fire detection technology has the advantages of abundant information amount and good real-time performance, thus becoming a research hotspot in the field of fire prevention and control technology. In this paper, the visible light of monitoring spots is filtered out by the way of filtering, reducing the influence and the complexity information processing. According to the flame features, this paper determines circularity, frequency, sharp corners, growth of area and the center of mass movement as the characteristics extraction object within the detection accuracy. The characteristics of flame are analyzed and required parameters are extracted successfully by the powerful image processing and computing capability of Matlab. This paper lays a foundation for accurate fire detecting. The experimental results show that the recognition method is reliable, small computational amount, fast operation and meets the need of real-time fire judging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enterprise optimal plan model and comparative analysis are adopted in this paper to analyze the effects of pollution taxes, marketable emission permits, pollution standards and abatement subsidies on enterprise emission abatement, technology adoption incentives, the aggregate emission and the implement cost of the four environmental policy instruments. Conclusions are as follows: the major influences of enterprise abatement are technology adoption ability and the rigorousness of environmental policy; the major influences of the enterprise violation are the rigorousness of environmental policy and the government monitoring while independent of abatement technology adoption. From the technology adoption incentives, pollution standards with perfect compliance is higher than pollution standards with imperfect compliance which is higher than pollution taxes, pollution taxes is equal to abatement subsidies which is higher than tradable emission permit; from the control on the aggregate emission, on the possibility of technology improvements, pollution taxes, abatement subsidies and pollution standards will be the stone, however, tradable emission permit is the worst, if the enterprises maintain the current technology, pollution taxes, abatement subsidies, marketable pollution permits and pollution standards will have the same policy effects. From the enforcement cost of different environmental policy instruments, pollution taxes, abatement subsidies and pollution standards are the same, while tradable emission permit will be the lowest in enforcement cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flight-to-light is one of the major behaviors of nocturnal insects. Previous studies have demonstrated that many nocturnal insect species have noticeable sexual difference in the behavior of flight-to-light, and many factors may contribute to this kind of difference. This paper reviewed the sexual difference of insect phototactic behavior in terms of the difference in flying distance and height between female and male adults due to their different flying capability, the distinct difference in the response to light resource due to the different structure of compound eyes between female and male adults, and the difference in the sensitivity to the light source and other environmental factors between female and male adults. The applied aspects and future research directions of the sexual difference of nocturnal insect phototactic behavior were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LnPO4·nH2O rhabdophane is considered as one of potential material for precipitation-enrichment actinides in high-level radioactive waste liquid owing to its outstanding properties relating to the high chemical stability and the high selectivity and strong incorporating capacity of actinides. In this work, the phase composition, microstructure and thermal behaviors of LnPO4·0.667H2O(Ln=La, Eu, Gd) were systematically investigated by combining with XRD, SEM, TG-DSC, BET and ICP-MS. Based on the PCT leaching test methods, the differences of chemical stability between LnPO4·0.667H2O and its thermal products were first discussed in detail. The results reveal that the single phase of LnPO4·0.667H2O(Ln=La, Eu, Gd) with the microstructure of hexagonal shaped nanorodcrystals can be synthesized by chemical precipitation reaction in 90 ℃ aqueous solution. LnPO4·0.667H2O has the excellent structural stability and the reversibility behaviors associated with dehydration and adsorption of water molecules. The process of phase transition can be described as: LnPO4·0.667H2O25-80 ℃LnPO4·0.5H2O80.240 ℃LnPO4(rhabdophane)661-935 ℃LnPO4(monazite). Moreover, the excellent chemical stability has been observed in LnPO4·0.667H2O rhabdophane and its thermal products in PCT leaching test. For instance, the values of LRLn are ranged from 10-7 g/(m2·d) to 10-4 g/(m2·d) after leaching 28 d in different leaching solutions(pH=3/7, T=90/150 ℃), where the acidic solution is more likely to corrode sample surface, further resulting in a relative high LRLn value. Importantly, the phase transition can improve the chemical stability of initial rhabdophane. As a typical example of Gd-rhabdophane, after leaching 28 d in 90 ℃/pH=3 solutions, the evolution of chemical stability is found as: GdPO4·0.667H2O(1.8×10-4 g/(m2·d))

The compact high-intensity proton cyclotron based on the stripping-extraction method has made great progress and obtained huge applications since the first cyclotron was applicated in 1932 in the world, especially in the field of nuclear medicine. China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) built a 30 MeV compact high-intensity proton cyclotron in the 1990s in China and a series of compact high-intensity proton cyclotrons with energy of 10 MeV, 14 MeV, 100 MeV, 14 MeV/1 mA used in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) based on the stripping extraction technology have been developed. The 100 MeV compact high-intensity proton cyclotron (CYCIAE-100) built in 2014 is the largest compact high-intensity proton cyclotron with the higher energy in the world with a maximum current intensity of 520 μA and a beam power of 52 kW. The BNCT cyclotron is also the first high-intensity proton cyclotron with extracted beam reaching the mA level in China. A great progress on the stripping extraction technology used in cyclotrons has been achieved at CIAE during the 60 years development. The codes for stripping extraction studies, such as CYCTR, GOBLIN, STRIP-UBC and COMA, are developed by CIAE too. The study method with the code of GOBLIN for the beam dispersion effect in the stripping extraction cyclotrons was given in detail. The influence of the angle between the stripping foil and the beam to the quality of the extracted beam was analyzed in the paper. The single-turn stripping extraction technology for some special application was used in the stripping extraction cyclotrons. The stripping efficiency and the life of stripping foils were studied in the paper. The beam loss control in the stripping extraction field and stripping probe system were introduced in the end.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 40 children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and provide ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment., Methods: The clinical characteristics, risk stratification, and different treatment regimens of 40 cases with MDS admitted in Department of Hematology of Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival curve were used to estimate 3-year overall survival (OS) rate and event-free survival (EFS) rate., Results: In 40 cases, the ratio of male to female was 1.4∶1.0, male was more than female, and median age was 6.0 years old. Among them, refractory cytopenia (MDS-RCC) was the most common type, and 11 cases were chromosomal abnormalities, 21 cases genetic abnormalities. Fifteen cases accepted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treatment, while 25 cases did not but drug therapy alone. The 3-year OS rate of the cases who accepted HSCT or not was (72.2±12.2)% and (35.3±10.2)% (P=0.039), 3-year EFS rate was (65.0±12.9)% and (19.2±8.4)% (P=0.012), respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that age < 7 years old (P=0.0333), initial diagnosed platelet < 50×10 9 /L (P=0.007), presence of complex karyotypes and/or gene mutations (P=0.0002), and treatment without HSCT (P=0.016) were the high-risk factors of prognosis. All the children were classified according to IPSS, WPSS and IPSS-R, while analysis result showed that the above three risk assessment had limitations for risk assessment of MDS in children, they could not comprehensively assess the prognosis of children with MDS., Conclusion: MDS-RCC in children is more common. Cox multivariate analysis shows that age < 7 years old, initial diagnosed platelet < 50×10 9 /L, presence of complex karyotypes and/or gene mutation, and treatment without HSCT are the high-risk factors of prognosis in children with MDS. HSCT is the most effective treatment to cure children with MDS at present. The current methods such as IPSS-R commonly used in assessment of prognosis in children with MDS show obvious limitation.

Objective: To explore the mechanism by which ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 upregulates the expression of tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene in ovarian cancer cells., Methods: Ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 treated with 20(S)-Rg3 were examined for mRNA and protein levels of VHL, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The changes in VHL mRNA expression in SKOV3 cells in response to treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, were detected using real-time PCR. VHL gene promoter methylation was examined with methylation-specific PCR and VHL expression levels were determined with real-time PCR and Western blotting in non-treated or 20(S)-Rg3-treated SKOV3 cells and in 20(S)-Rg3-treated DNMT3A-overexpressing SKOV3 cells. VHL and DNMT3A protein levels were detected by immunohistochemistry in subcutaneous SKOV3 cell xenografts in nude mice., Results: Treatment of SKOV3 cells with 20(S)-Rg3 significantly upregulated VHL and downregulated DNMT3A expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels ( P < 0.05) and upregulated DNMT3B expression only at the mRNA level, but did not cause significant changes in either the mRNA or protein level of DNMT1. Treatment of the cells with 2 and 5 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR obviously increased VHL mRNA expression by by over 3 folds ( P < 0.05). 20(S)-Rg3 significantly decreased the methylation level in the promoter region of VHL gene, and this effect was abrogated by DNMT3A overexpression in the cells ( P < 0.05). Immunohistochemisty showed a significantly increased VHL expression but a lowered DNMT3A expression in subcutaneous SKOV3 cell xenografts in 20 (S)-Rg3-treated nude mice., Conclusions: Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 upregulates VHL expression in ovarian cancer cells by suppressing DNMT3A-mediated DNA methylation.

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of platelet membrane glycoprotein (GPIIb/IIIa) detection by flow cytometry (FCM) combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in diagnosis and treatment of immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)., Methods: Fifty-two patients with immunological thrombocytopenia admitted to the Department of Hematology in our hospital during October 2014-October 2018 were enrolled in ITP group. Thirty healthy people from the physical examination center were enrolled in control group. The positive expression rate of platelet membrane glycoprotein was measured by FCM, and the peripheral platelet count was detected by automatic analyzer, and the plasma membrane glycoprotein level was measured by ELISA. The difference between the two groups was compared. The platelet membrane glycoprotein levels in ITP patients before and after treatment were compared., Results: The positive expression rate of GPIIb/IIIa (i,e CD41 + /CD61 + ) and plasma GPIIb/IIIa levels in ITP patients were significantly lower than those in the healthy controls. The increased expression of platelet GPIIb/IIIa was associated with the response to therapy. The positive expression rate and level of GPIIb/IIIa postively correlated with its platelet count. The sensitivity of platelet GPIIb/IIIa combined with platelet count for diagnosis of ITP was 90.38%, the specificity was 93.33%, the positive likelihood ratio was 13.57, and the positive predictive value was 95.92%., Conclusion: The platelet membrane glycoprotein detection as a preliminary screening method used for diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia is simple, convenient, sensitive and rapid, thus may be considered as a new method for clinical diagnosis.

Objective: To study the expression of CD19 + B cells in immune thrombocytopenia patients, and to analyze the involvement of serum Breg in the pathogenesis of ITP., Methods: A total of 68 ITP patients admitted in department of hematology in our hospital from August 2015 to August 2018 were selected and enrolled in ITP group. 30 healthy individuals who were admitted to physical examination center at the same time were selected and enrolled in control group. The expression of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets CD19 + and peripheral blood Breg cells were measured by flow cytometry. The difference between the ITP group and the control group was compared. The IL-10 mRNA and TGF-β1 mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. Correlations between the ratio of peripheral blood Breg cells and the expression of IL-10 mRNA and TGF-β1 mRNA in patients with immune thrombocytopenia, were analyzed., Results: Expression of CD19 + in ITP group was significantly higher than that in control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Expression level of serum Breg cells in ITP group was lower than that in control group. IL-10 mRNA level in ITP group was significantly lower than that in control group. IL-10 mRNA level after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment. In addition, TGF-β1 mRNA level in newly diagnosed ITP group was significantly higher than that in control group. After treatment, the TGF-β1 mRNA level was higher than that before treatment. The ratio of peripheral blood Breg cells positively correlated with IL-10 mRNA expression (r=0.968, P＜0.05), however, there was no correlation between peripheral blood Breg cell ratio and TGF-β1 mRNA expression (r=0.502, P＞0.05)., Conclusion: Expression of CD19 + cells in ITP patients is increased. Breg cells may participate in the genesis of immune thrombocytopenia. The abnormal expression of Breg cells relates with the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia.

Objective: To explore the correlation of immune T cell subsets and expression levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and sFas with the severity and prognosis of aplastic anemia(AA) patients., Methods: Ninety-five patients with aplastic anemia treated in our hospital were selected and enrolled in AA group, 43 cases of which were included in the acute group and 52 cases in the chronic group according to the disease status of patient's. Then, 50 cases of healthy volunteers in the same period were enrolled in the control group, and the changes of immune T cell subsets, and sFas serum TNF-α, IFN-γ and levels of the 3 groups were compared. The ROC curve was used to analyze the value of each index for evaluating the severity of the disease, 95 patients with aplastic anemia were followed up and the Kaplan-Miere survival curve was used to analyze the effect of different index levels on the progression-free survival of the patients., Results: the serum level of CD4 + level and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio in AA group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the CD8 + level in AA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The CD4 + level and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio in the acute group was significantly lower than those in the chronic group (P<0.05), and the CD8 + level in the acute group was significantly higher than that in the chronic group (P<0.05). The serum level of TNF-α and IFN-γ of the patients in AA group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the level of sFas in AA group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α and IFN-γ in the acute group were significantly higher than that in the chronic group (P<0.05), and the level of sFas was significantly lower than that in the chronic group (P<0.05). The analysis of each index value for predicting the severity of AA by ROC showed that the area under curve of CD4 + /CD8 + , TNF-α, IFN-γ and sFas for predicting the patients' condition was 0.954, 0.763, 0.853 and 0.857, respectively. Kaplan-Miere survival curve analysis showed that CD4 + /CD8 + ratio had a significant effect on progression-free survival (P<0.05), the TNF-α, IFN-γ and sFas levels had no significant effect on progression-free survival (P>0.05)., Conclusion: The patients with aplastic anemia have significantly abnormal T lymphocyte subsets, there is a certain correlation between the serum TNF-α, IFN-γ and sFas levels with aplastic anemia, each index can reflect the disease severity, and the changes of T lymphocyte subsets has important influence on the clinical prognosis of the patients.

Water and benthic sediment samples were collected monthly from six sites over a 2-km reach in a first-order stream located in the northeastern rural-urban fringe of Hefei City, from May 2016 to January 2017. These sites were scattered in three stream reach types as natural pattern sections (Scenario 1), point source pollution sections (Scenario 2), and severe soil erosion sections (Scenario 3). The potential rates of nitrification and denitrification in the sediments were measured and variable characteristics were evaluated quarterly. Moreover, a difference analysis of each of the three scenarios and an influencing factor analysis for nitrification and denitrification potentials were subsequently conducted. Our results show that:① the mean value of the nitration ratios for total sediment samples is 0.381%, of which the maximum nitration ratio emerged in Scenario 2. As for Scenario 1, the nitration ratio in summer is the larger than in winter. The nitration ratios for Scenarios 2 and 3 rank from largest to smallest as spring > summer > autumn > winter. ② The mean value of the nitrification rate of the total sediment samples is 0.364 mg·(kg·d) -1 , of which the maximum nitrification rate is associated with in Scenario 2. The nitrification rate is highest in winter, while similar for all other seasons in Scenarios 2 and 3. There is not much difference all year round for Scenario 1. ③ Average values for the denitrification ratio and denitrification rate for all sediment samples are 37.25% and 57.68 mg·(kg·d) -1 , respectively. Both of these are higher for Scenario 2 than the other two scenarios for the same season. The ranking for denitrification for Scenarios 1 and 2 is summer > spring > autumn > winter, and spring > summer > autumn > winter in Scenario 3. ④ According to the difference analysis, significant differences not only exist between the nitrification rates between Scenarios 1 and 2 but also for the denitrification ratios and denitrification rates between Scenarios 1 and 3. In addition, there is an obvious difference in the nitration ratio between Scenarios 2 and 3. ⑤ Partial least-squares regressive analysis indicates that there is significant difference between the important influencing factors related to the nitration ratio and nitrification rate for each of the three scenarios.

To reveal the impact of land use change on the phosphorus uptake in benthic sediments of suburban streams, a headwater stream in the urban fringe of Hefei City was selected and a set of benthic sediments was collected monthly from the chosen stream reach from June to November 2016. An incubation method was applied to explore the biotic and abiotic uptake of phosphorus in benthic sediments under intense human disturbance scenario. Results showed that the uptake potentials in summer were higher than those in autumn, both for total (including biotic and abiotic) and abiotic uptake of phosphorus. Furthermore, both of these uptakes were distinctly higher for the third sampling site, which is adjacent to the sewage outlet, than those for the other sites. For all six sampling sites, the contribution rate of biotic uptake of phosphorus was significantly greater than that of abiotic uptake, both in summer and autumn. The monthly variations in potentials and contribution rates of phosphorus uptake indicated that intense human disturbance via land use change had a great impact on the biotic uptake of phosphorus in benthic sediments of the suburban stream.

Objective: To assess the value of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2) combined passive leg raising (PLR) test on volume responsiveness assessment in shocked patients post cardiac operation., Methods: A prospective, self-controlled, and observational study was conducted. The shocked patients post cardiac operation undergoing complete mechanical ventilation admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University from June 2014 to October 2015 were enrolled.PETCO2 and hemodynamic parameters including stroke volume variation (SVV),cardiac index (CI),mean arterial pressure (MAP) monitored by a pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) were determined before and after PLR and volume expansion (VE).Volume responsiveness was defined as an increase in CI (△ CI) of 15％ or greater after VE, namely response group (△ CI ≥ 15％) and non-response group (△ CI ＜ 15％).The value of PLR-induced PETCO2 change (△PETCO2 PLH) to predict volume responsiveness was evaluated by receiver operating. characteristic curves (ROC)., Results: Among the 41 patients enrolled,21 had volume responsiveness (response group),and 20 had no responsiveness (non-response group).After PLR, the changes in CI and PETCO2 were both significantly increased in the response group compared with non-response group [△ CI:(13.5 ± 4.6)％ vs.(3.6± 3.5)％,△ PETCO2:(7.4 ± 3.4)％ vs.(2.8 ± 2.5)％,both P ＜ 0.05].△ PETCO2 PLR and baseline SVV were positively correlated with PLR-induced CI change (△ CI PLR) (r1 =0.50,r2 =0.38,both P ＜ 0.05).VE-induced PETCO2 change (△ PETCO2 VE),baseline SVV and △ CI PLR were positively correlated with VE-induced CI (△ CI VE) (r1 =0.58,r2 =0.56 and r3 =0.84,all P ＜ 0.01).The area under ROC curve (AUC) of △ PETCO2 PLR was 0.875±0.054 [95％ confidence interval (95％CI) =0.769-0.981,P ＜ 0.05].△ PETCO2 PLR ≥ 5.8％ predicted volume responsiveness with sensitivity of 76.2％ and specificity of 90.0％.AUC of △CI PLR was 0.933±0.036 (95％CI =0.862-1.000,P ＜ 0.05).△CI PLR ≥ 10.4％ predicted volume responsiveness with sensitivity of 81.0％ and specificity of 90.0％.AUC of baseline SVV was 0.831 ±0.066 (95％CI =0.702-0.960,P ＜ 0.05).Baseline SVV ≥ 12.5％ predicted volume responsiveness with sensitivity of 85.7％ and specificity of 75.0％., Conclusion: The change in PETCO2 induced by PLR is a convenient, reliable and non-invasive indicator to predict volume responsiveness in shocked patients post cardiac operation with mechanical ventilation.

Ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine lack of the morphological characters and microscopic identification features. This makes it hard to identify herb's authenticity with traditional methods. We tested ITS2 sequence as DNA barcode in identification of herbal medicine in ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder in this study. We extracted genomic DNAs of 93 samples of 31 representative herbal medicines (28 species), which include whole plant, roots and bulbs, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. The ITS2 sequences were amplified and sequenced bidirectionally. The ITS2 sequences were identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) method in the GenBank database and DNA barcoding system to identify the herbal medicine. The genetic distance was analyzed using the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6.0. The results showed that DNA can be extracted successfully from 93 samples and high quality ITS2 sequences can be amplified. All 31 herbal medicines can get correct identification via BLAST method. The ITS2 sequences of raw material medicines, ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder have same sequence in 26 herbal medicines, while the ITS2 sequences in other 5 herbal medicines exhibited variation. The maximum intraspecific genetic-distances of each species were all less than the minimum interspecific genetic distances. ITS2 sequences of each species are all converged to their standard DNA barcodes using NJ method. Therefore, using ITS2 barcode can accurately and effectively distinguish ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine. It provides a new molecular method to identify ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine in the quality control and market supervision.

Objective: To analyze the outcomes of synchronous revascularization for patients concomitant carotid and coronary artery severe stenosis., Methods: From May 2012 to April 2014, 12 cases who received one-stage operation was retrospective analyzed, including the characteristics, methods of treatment, perioperative complications and health survey 30 days post procedure. Two subgroups were divided according to the different treatment methods on carotid artery, WIC and SF-36 scale were applied to compare the basic condition and recovery situation between 2 groups, the hospital stay time, costs, ventilation time, drainage and blood transfusion volume were also be compared., Results: Totally 30 coronary vessels 8 carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and 5 carotid artery stenting (CAS) were performed on 12 patients. One patient also received coronary artery bypass grafting and bilateral carotid artery revascularization (CEA on right and CAS on left). Two (16.67%) minor stroke, 1 (8.33%) TIA, 1 wound infection occurred within 30 days post procedure, and 11 (91.67%) received blood component transfusion. No myocardial infarction and death occured. The average hospital stay time were (36.5 ± 25.3) days, ventilator application (37.5 ± 31.2) hours, postoperative drainage volume from pericardial and mediastinal was (347.92 ± 105.69) ml, infusion of concentrated red cell was 4.3 U. WIC was (5.57 ± 1.51) in CEA and (4.25 ± 1.50) in CAS subgroup, there was no significantly statistical difference (t = 1.40, P > 0.05). the results of SF-36 was (3.63 ± 1.76) and (5.44 ± 1.05) in CEA and CAS subgroup, there was no significantly statistical difference (t = -1.85, P > 0.05). In hospital stay time, ventilator application time, transfusion and drainage volume, hospitalization costs were also no significant statistical difference between two groups., Conclusions: The early outcome of synchronous revascularization on concomitant carotid and coronary severe stenosis disease is satisfactory. The clinical results are similar in the CEA and CAS subgroup.

Concentrations of halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( HPAHs) in atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 samples collected from Shenzhen were determined using GC-MS. Total concentrations of nine HPAHs in atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 samples ranged from 118 to 1,476 pg · m(-3) and 89 to 407 pg · m(-3), respectively. In PM10 and PM(2.5) samples, the concentration of 9-BrAnt was the highest, followed by 7-BrBaA and 9, 10-Br2Ant. Seasonal levels of total HPAHs in atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 samples in Shenzhen decreased in the following order: winter > autumn > spring > summer, whereas concentrations of individual HPAHs showed different seasonal levels. Meteorological conditions, including temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity, might be important factors affecting the seasonal levels of HPAHs in atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 In addition, there were significant correlations between concentrations of HPAHs and parent PAHs. Finally, the toxic equivalency quotients (TEQs) of HPAHs were estimated. The TEQs of HPAHs in atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 samples ranged from 17.6 to 86.2 pg · m(-3) and 14.6 to 70.4 pg · m(-3), respectively. Among individual HPAHs, 7-BrBaA contributed greatly to the total TEQs of HPAHs. Our results indicated that the total TEQs of HPAHs were lower than parent PAHs in atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 samples in Shenzhen.

Objective: By analysing the video-nystagmography findings of positional tests,to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the patients with horikontal semicircular canal cupulolithiasis (HSC-Cup)., Method: A retrospective study of 36 patients with HSC-Cup. The induced nystagmus in roll tests was recorded by videonystagmography, whose direction, latency, intensity and time characteristics were analysed. All of the 36 patients were treated with lying position avoiding normal side and oral-taken betahistine mesilate tablets. A week later return visits and curative effects evaluation were made., Result: Horizontal apogeotropic nystagmus was induced by turning left or right in HSC-Cup roll tests. The time of latency and duration turning to normal and lesion side were(0. 93 ± 0. 65)s and(1. 01 ± 0. 78)s, (100.58 ± 36. 56)s and (118. 65 ± 143. 71)s, which showed no statistically significant difference (P>0. 05). The duration of nystagmus was more than 60 seconds. The intensity of nystagmus turning to normal and lesion side were(45.58 ± 28.71)°/s and (20.42 ± 16. 64)°/s. The intensity turning to normal side was greater than lesion side obviously. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). Twenty-three patients withright HSC-Cup, and 13 patients with left HSC-Cup were taken in count. They were treated with above methods and return visit a week later. Twenty-eight patients (77. 77%) were cured, 36 patients (100. 00%) were improved. There were 4 patients recurrence during the follow-up., Conclusion: The direction and duration time of induced nystagmus are available to diagnose the HSC-Cup. The lesion side may determined according to the intensity of induced nystagmus. Lying position avoiding normal side and oral-taken betahistine mesilate tablets is an effective treatment methods for HSC-Cup.

Objective: To dynamically assess drug targeting of Yougui Pill (YP) and Zuogui Pill (ZP) using infrared thermography., Methods: In this self-control experiment, five healthy volunteers were recruited. By using infrared thermography 10 to 11 thermal images of different body locations were taken from each participant after they took warm water, YP, ZP, and their dissembled prescriptions at 30, 70, 100, 130, and 160 min, respectively. The heat values in the lower quadrant abdomen, uterus, Du channel, and Shenque (CV8) were statistically analyzed after scanning for 125 times., Results: Administration of YP and its disassembled prescriptions enhanced the heat value of the locations of the Du channel and Shenque (CV8), but did no enhance the heat value of the lower quadrant abdomen at 30 min. Administration of ZP and its disassembled prescriptions reduced the heat value in the locations of the lower quadrant abdomen, uterus, Du channel, and Shenque (CV8) at each time point., Conclusion: The drug targeting of ZP and YP focused on the locations of the Du channel and Shenque (CV8), not on the locations of the lower quadrant abdomen or uterus.

Objective: To study the anti-portal hypertension effect of oleanolic acid (OA) in CCl4-induced cirrhosis rats and its mechanism., Methods: Rats were induced to portal hypertension by CCl4. After treatment with low dose of OA (30 mg/kg) and high dose of OA (60 mg/kg) by intragastrically for a month, the parameters in serum or liver tissue including ALT, AST, MDA, GSH-Px, NOx, eNOS, cGMP and type I collagen were measured. The MAP, PP and HR were determined by hameodynamic method and the eNOS expression in liver was measured by western blot. The pathological changes of liver tissue were also tested by Masson dye. The normal group and model group were given 0.25% of CMC-Na solution., Results: Compared with the model group, treatment with 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg OA significantly decreased the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, gamma-GT and MDA and enhanced the level of GSH-Px in liver (P<0.05). Moreover, the collagen content also notably lowered in CCl4-induced cirrhosis rats, thus decreasing the portal pressure (PP). However, the MAP and HR were not affected by OA treatment. In addition, the expression of eNOS in liver markedly increased after one mouth treatment of OA, hereof enhancing the level of cGMP and NOx in the CCl4-induced portal hypertensive rats (P<0.05)., Conclusion: OA could inhibit the progress of fibrosis and lower the PP in CCl4-induced portal hypertensive rats and the anti-portal hypertension effect might be related to increasing the expression of eNOS and enhance the NOx level in liver.

Flight-to-light is one of the major behaviors of nocturnal insects. Previous studies have demonstrated that many nocturnal insect species have noticeable sexual difference in the behavior of flight-to-light, and many factors may contribute to this kind of difference. This paper reviewed the sexual difference of insect phototactic behavior in terms of the difference in flying distance and height between female and male adults due to their different flying capability, the distinct difference in the response to light resource due to the different structure of compound eyes between female and male adults, and the difference in the sensitivity to the light source and other environmental factors between female and male adults. The applied aspects and future research directions of the sexual difference of nocturnal insect phototactic behavior were also discussed.

Objective: To study kidney injury in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)., Methods: Forty CHD infants undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB from October 2009 to July 2010 were enrolled. The concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cystatin C (CysC) and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were detected using ELISA before bypass, at the end of surgery, and 2 hrs, 6 hrs and 24 hrs after surgery. Serum concentrations of creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured with conventional biochemistry technique before and after surgery., Results: The concentrations of serum Cr and BUN were normal before and after surgery. After CPB, the concentrations of serum TNF-α and IL-6 and urinary NAG increased significantly (P<0.05). Serum TNF-α was positively correlated with urinary NAG and serum CysC (r=0.195, 0.190, respectively; both P<0.05). Serum IL-6 was positively correlated with urinary NAG (r=0.278, P<0.01). The positive rate in kidney injury was detected by serum CysC and urinary NAG were significantly higher than by serum Cr or BUN (both P<0.01)., Conclusions: CPB can cause acute kidney injury in infants, which may be correlated with the increase in the concentrations of serum TNF-α and IL-6. Serum CysC and urinary NAG may be used as sensitive markers for reflecting the changes of renal function.

Objective: To study the intervention of astragalus injection in the kidney injury of infants with congenital heart disease after cardiopulmonary bypass, thus providing a new method for protection of the kidney injury in them., Methods: Forty infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly assigned to the test group and the control group, twenty in each group. Astragalus Injection (at the dose of 2 mL/kg) was added in the perfusion fluid before giving to infants in the test group before bypass, while the normal saline of the same volume was added in the perfusion fluid before giving to infants in the control group (P < 0.01). The concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cystatin C (CysC), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were detected with ELISA at the following time points, i.e., before bypass (T1), by the end of the surgery (T2), 2 h after surgery (T3), 6 h after surgery (T4), and 24 h after surgery (T5)., Results: The serum CysC concentrations were not significantly higher after CPB (P > 0.05). The urinary NAG level increased significantly in the control group after surgery (P < 0.05), but no obvious increase of the urinary NAG level was found in the test group after surgery (P > 0.05). It was obviously lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After CPB serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels increased significantly in the control group (P < 0.05), while they were lower in the test group than in the control group (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: CPB may result in the renal tubular injury in infants with congenital heart disease. The application of Astragalus Injection before the CPB plays a role in protecting renal tubular functions.

Objective: Airway remodeling in asthma makes treatment of asthma very difficult, and study of its pathogenesis becomes very important. The present study aimed to explore the role of external signal regulated kinase (ERK) signal transduction pathway in airway remodeling in rats asthma model and regulatory effects of glucocorticoids on ERK signal transduction pathway and airway remodeling., Methods: Totally 80 male Sprague-Dawlay rats (6-8 weeks old, weighing about 120 g) were randomly divided into control groups (30 rats), asthma groups (30 rats) and treated groups [including a group intervened with dexamethasone (DM group) and budesonide (BUD group), each had 10 rats]. The rats were sensitized for inducing asthma by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin and Al (OH)(3) and were repeatedly exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin for 4, 8, or 12 weeks [respectively called 4, 8 or 12 wk asthma group (A4, A8 or A12 group), each had 10 rats]; and correspondingly control rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% NaCl, then were repeatedly exposed to 0.9% NaCl for 4, 8, or 12 weeks [respectively called 4, 8 or 12 wk control group (C4, C8 or C12 group), each had 10 rats]; DM group rats were repeatedly exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin for 8 wk, and BUD group rats for 12 wk. Total bronchial wall thickness (Wat) and smooth muscle thickness (Wam) were measured by an image analysis system. Concentrations of PDGF-AB in serum were measured by sandwich ELISA. Phospho-ERK (P-ERK) and c-Fos were detected by immunohistochemical technique; lung tissue extracts were analyzed for phosphorylation of ERK by Western blotting., Results: Wat and Wam in all asthma groups were significantly higher than those in corresponding control groups (P < 0.01, respectively), those of the treated groups were significantly lower than asthma groups (P < 0.01). The concentrations of PDGF-AB in serum of asthma groups [(228 +/- 18) pg/ml, (293 +/- 77) pg/ml, (225 +/- 66) pg/ml for A4, A8, A12 groups, respectively] were all significantly higher than those of the control groups [(160 +/- 14) pg/ml, (165 +/- 29) pg/ml and (164 +/- 27) pg/ml for C4, C8, C12 group, respectively] (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); the value of DM group [(157 +/- 46) pg/ml] was significantly lower than that of the group A8 (P < 0.01), no significant difference was found when the values of BUD group [(208 +/- 40) pg/ml] was compared with that of A12 group (P > 0.05). Mean absorbance values (by immunohistochemistry) of P-ERK and c-Fos in asthma groups were significantly higher than those in corresponding control groups (P < 0.01, respectively), DM group had a significantly lower value than group A8 (P < 0.01), BUD group had a significantly lower value than group A12 (P < 0.01); absorbance (by Western blot) of P-ERK in A4, A8, A12 group was significantly higher than that in C4 and C8 group, the value of DM group was significantly lower than that of group A8 (P < 0.01), and that of BUD group (1.8 +/- 0.2) was significantly lower than that of group A12 (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Asthmatic rats have higher concentrations of PDGF-AB in serum and phosphorylation of ERK and c-Fos; glucocorticoids inhibit phosphorylation of ERK and c-Fos in asthmatic rats, and to some extent also inhibit Wat and Wam.

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Dazhui (GV 14) for abating fever of common cold., Methods: Two hundred and sixty-one cases were randomly assigned to a treatment group of 133 cases and a control group of 128 cases. The treatment group were treated with electroacupuncture at Dazhui (GV 14) and the control group with antondine injection. The transient effect of abating fever within 24 h was observed., Results: After treatment, the body temperature at all observation time points in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The effect-appearing time (1.42 +/- 1.79) h in the treatment group was shorter than that in the control group (3.44 +/- 5.10) h (P < 0.01). The cured rate and the abating fever rate were 27.8% and 75.9% in the treatment group, and 10.9% and 55.5% in the control group, with significant differences between the two groups, the treatment group being better than the control group (P < 0.01). The abating fever rate for the wind-heat type common cold was 75.3% in the treatment group and 50.0% in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups, the treatment group being better than the control group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The method of acupuncture at Dazhui (GV 14) has a definite therapeutic effect on high fever of common cold, and for wind-heat type common cold, Dazhui (GV 14) first may be chosen to abate high-fever and the treatment should be taken as early as possible.

Objective: The etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children in Wenzhou City remains poorly defined. This study investigated the etiological agents responsible for acute LRTI and patterns of the antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens in children with acute LRTI from Wenzhou City., Methods: Lower respiratory tract secretions were obtained from 454 children with acute LRTI (aged 1 month to 10 years, median age 6 months) within 24 hrs after admission for bacterial culture. Meanwhile respiratory viruses were detected by the Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) assay. The K-B method was applied for the drug susceptibility test., Results: Etiological agents were identified in 297 cases out of 454 patients (65.4%. Viral pathogens were identified in 229 cases (50.4%), bacteria in 135 cases (29.7%) and mixed viral-bacterial infections in 67 cases (14.8%). The isolating rate of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the highest (180 cases, 39.6%) in all of the samples. The isolating rates of other viral pathogens were as follows: Parainfluenza virus 3 type (PIV3) (6.6%), Adenovirus (2.2%), Influenza A (0.9%) and Influenza B (0.7%). Of the 135 strains of bacterial pathogens, 19 kinds of bacterial pathogens were isolated. The predominant isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (9.9%), followed by Escherichia coli (E.coli) (4.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) (4.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (4.2%). The isolating rates of K. pneumoniae and E.coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases strains (ESBLs) positive were 42.2% and 65.0%, respectively. The pathogens isolated of the first 5 places in children with acute LRTI under six months were RSV, K. pneumoniae, PIV3, E.coli and S. aureus in turn. RSV, PIV3, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae and E.coli were found to be the pathogens of the first 5 places in children with acute LRTI between six months and three years. The resistant rates of K. pneumoniae and E.coli to ampicillin were 97.8% and 75.0%, respectively. K. pneumoniae and E.coli with positive ESBLs were resistant to cephalosporin. The resistant rates of S. pneumoniae to erythromycin and penicilin were 100% and 68.4%, respectively. The resistant rates of S. aureus to erythromycin and penicillin were 94.7% and 89.5%, respectively., Conclusions: RSV is the most common pathogen responsible for acute LRTI in children in Wenzhou City, followed by K. pneumoniae and PIV3. The rate of antibiotic resistance of common bacteria and the isolating rate of Gram-negative bacillus with ESBLs positive are high.

To improve the stability and gene-carried capability of gene-attached microbubbles, the method for manufacture of albumin microbubbles was modified and new gene-loaded microbubbles were synthesized by incorporated gene-PEI complex into the shell of microbubbles. Agarose gel electrophoresis and bacteria transformation showed that PEI had the ability to provide the protection of plasmid DNA from ultrasonic degradation. The new gene-loaded microbubbles exhibited excellent acoustical and hemorheological properties. Moreover, they could carry more plasmid DNA than gene-attached microbubbles. beta-galactosidase plasmid transfection into cardiac myocytes was performed by using ultrasound targeted destruction of new gene-loaded microbubbles or gene-attached microbubbles. Gene expression in cardiac myocytes was detected by beta-galactosidase in situ staining and quantitive assay. It was shown that beta-galactosidase activity in cardiac myocytes was enhanced 107-fold by ultrasonic destruction of gene-loaded microbubbles compared with naked plasmid transfection and new gene-loaded microbubbles resulted in 6.85-fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity compared with optimal transfection mediated by gene-attached microbubbles. These results suggested that ultrasonic destruction of the gene-loaded microbubbles can enhance the cardiac myocytes exogenous gene transfer efficiency significantly and new gene-loaded microbubbles is an efficient and safe gene delivery vehicle.

Aim: To investigate the changes in the expression of four kinds of calcium regulatory proteins mRNA on the isolated ischemia/ reperfusion (IR) hearts., Methods: The rat hearts were divided into two groups: control group and IR group which received 45 min exposure to Krebs-Henseleit solution after 15 min zero-flow global ischemia. The indexes of left ventricular function, such as LVDP, +dp/dt(max), -dp/dt(max), and an arrhythmia scoring system were compared between the two groups. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), phospholamban (PLB), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor2 (IP3R2) and ryanodine receptor2 (RyR2) was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and normalized to the mRNA levels of beta-actin., Results: In the IR group, LVDP, +dp/dt(max) and -dp/dt(min) of the isolated hearts were depressed and the high rate of arrhythmias occurred during reperfusion. The levels of SERCA, IP3R2, RyR2 mRNA were lower in the IR isolated hearts group than those in the control group, while there was no difference in the level of phospholamban., Conclusion: These data suggest that myocardial ischemia/reperfusion can induce the depression of cardiac performance and an increased risk of arrhythmias, concomitant with the decrease in SERCA, IP3R2, RyR2 mRNA steady state levels.

Objective: To explore the morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and clinical features of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with dicentric (9; 20) (p11 - 13; q11)., Methods: Chromosome specimens of bone marrow cells were prepared by direct method and/or short-time culture. Karyo-typing was performed by R-banding technique. Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using both chromosome 9 classical satellite probe and chromosome 20 alpha-satellite probe in one patient., Results: The two ALL patients were positive for CD10 and HLA-DR, showing of B cell origin. Both patients had dicentric (9; 20): case 1 was 45, XY, der (9) t (9; 20) (p11; q11), -20[20]; case 2 was 45, XX, der (9) t (9; 20) (p13; q11), t (9; 22) (q34; q11), -20[10]/46, idem, +8[16]/47, idem, +8, +21[14]. Mutual translocation between chromosomes 9 and 20 of the dicentric chromosome was confirmed by FISH in one patient., Conclusions: Dicentric (9; 20) (p11 - 13; q11) is a rare recurring chromosome abnormality associated with ALL. Because of the subtle nature of the translocation, FISH is essential for the detection of this abnormality.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of the preputial development in Chinese boys and indications as well as occasion of circumcision., Methods: The shape and retractability of prepuce were evaluated in 1,015 Chinese boys from 0 to 18 years old without heteroplasia of prepuce and penis., Results: Ratio of children with phimosis decreases progressively with increasing age, from 64.09% in the first group (0 approximately 3 years old) to 7.66% in the fourth group (11 approximately 18 years old)., Conclusion: Phimosis and incomplete separation of the prepuce is normal in the neonate and infant. Prepuce will separate from the glans progressively till adolescence, so it's unnecessary to perform circumcision for them when without any complications.

Aim: To determine if the diagnostic ultrasound and self-made microbubbles could be used to increase gene transfection and expression in cardiac myocytes by means of the ultrasound-mediated microbubbles destruction., Methods: The perfluoropropane-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin(PESDA) microbubbles were made and mixed with indicated volume reporter gene encoding beta-galactosidase prior to gene transfection. Gene transfection into the cultured cardiac myocytes was performed by exposure to the various intense diagnostic ultrasound (1.3 MHz) in the presence of the gene-attached microbubbles. The calcium phosphate precipitation gene transfection was carried out alone or in combination with ultrasound-mediated destruction microbubbles. The cells were harvested 48 h after transfection and beta-galactosidase expression was detected by in situ staining and quantitive assay., Results: Cardiac myocytes exposed to ultrasound with PESDA induced significantly increase in gene expression (60-fold compared with naked plasmids transfection, P < 0.01). Moreover, it was found that the reporter gene expression not only related with ultrasound intension but also with the microbubbles concentration. In combination with calcium phosphate precipitation gene transfection, ultrasound-mediated destruction microbubbles resulted in more intense gene expression even 6 hours after calcium phosphate precipitation gene transfection., Conclusion: The ultrasonic destruction of gene-loaded microbubble is a highly effective gene transfer method, and it not only acts on the gene entry into cells, but also on the intracellular exogenous DNA expression.

Objective: To study the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 and its mRNA in rat asthma model and the modulatory effect of dexamethasone (DXM)., Methods: Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, asthma group and DXM group. The rats in each group were sacrificed 24 h after the last challenge. In the experiment, the rat model of asthma was established by ovalbumin (OVA) challenge method. The lung tissue was taken from the left lung, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from the right lung. The total cell numbers, eosinophils (EOS) count and differentiated cell counts in BALF were performed on different count fluids. The concentrations of IL-4 in serum and BALF were measured by using sandwich ELISA. The protein expressions of STAT6 were detected with immunohistochemical techniques. The mRNA expressions of STAT6 were detected with in situ hybridization., Results: (1) The total cell counts in BALF, the absolute counts of EOS, and the ratios of eosinophils to the total cell numbers (EOS%) of asthma group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.01). The total cell counts in BALF, the absolute counts of EOS, and EOS% of DXM group were all significantly lower than those of asthma group (P < 0.01). (2) The concentrations of IL-4 in BALF and serum of asthma group [(25.7 +/- 7.4) ng/L, (34.2 +/- 10.5) ng/L] were significantly higher than those of control group [(8.6 +/- 3.0) ng/L, (12.1 +/- 2.9) ng/L] (P < 0.01). The concentrations of IL-4 in BALF and serum of DXM group were significantly lower than those of asthma group. (3) Immunohistochemistry showed that the protein content of STAT6 around the bronchus of asthma group (0.171 +/- 0.025) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.082 +/- 0.022) (P < 0.01), while that of DXM group (0.114 +/- 0.013) was significantly lower than that of asthma group. The epithelial cells were the cells. In situ hybridization showed that the mRNA expression of STAT6 around the bronchus of asthma group (0.180 +/- 0.013) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.091 +/- 0.012) (P < 0.01), while that of DXM group (0.114 +/- 0.010) was significantly lower than that of asthma group. (4) There was a significant correlation between the concentration of IL-4 in BALF, the content of STAT6 and STAT6 mRNA, respectively, in the epithelial cells of bronchus. There was a significant correlation between the absolute numbers of EOS and EOS% in BALF, the content of STAT6 and STAT6 mRNA, respectively, in the epithelial cells of bronchus., Conclusions: STAT6 protein and STAT6 mRNA were found strongly expressed in rat asthma model and the epithelial cells were the chief expressing cells. Dexamethasone had an inhibitory effect on airway inflammatory cells infiltration. It significantly depressed STAT6 and mRNA expression. Which may be a key process in modulatory mechanism of asthma.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of multi-drug resistance of K562-n/VCR cell line with both bcr-abl and mdr-1 expressions by clustering analysis of differential gene expression profiles., Methods: By DNA microarray technique, genes differentially expressed by K562-n/VCR and K562-n cell lines were identified and analyzed., Results: DNA microarray analysis of K562-n/VCR and K562-n cells was repeated three times and revealed 58 genes significantly differentially expressed among 12,800 genes arrayed. All but one was up-regulated in K562-n/VCR cells. The only gene down-regulated was a-myb. The up-regulated genes were MDR-associated genes, oncogenes, cytoskeleton, protein kinases and phosphatases, apoptotic and antiapoptotic factors, metabolism, transcriptional regulators associated with stress response, cell cycle checkpoint control, and genes for signal transduction proteins., Conclusion: These results indicate that, besides MDR-associated genes, other known and unknown genes may also be involved in the mechanism of multi-drug resistance.