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为提高核桃壳仁混合物的分级效果，对现有核桃壳仁混合物分级设备进行三维实体建模，利用EDEM软件模拟核桃壳仁混合物的分级过程，以筛面上物料的运动速度、质量以及各等级颗粒在统计区域的数量为指标，以振幅、振动频率、振动方向角、筛面倾角为考察因素，对振动筛分级工艺进行优化。结果表明：在振动频率12 Hz、振幅5 mm、振动方向角45°、筛面倾角4°的工艺参数组合下，各等级核桃壳仁的透筛率最高，分级效果最好。In order to improve the grading effect of walnut shell and kernel mixture, the existing classification equipment of walnut shell and kernel mixture was modeled by 3D entity, and the grading process of the walnut shell and kernel mixture was simulated by EDEM. Based on the movement speed, mass of the material on the sieve surface and quantity of particles of each grade material in the statistical area as indicators, the grading process by vibrating screen was optimized with the amplitude, vibration frequency, vibrating direction angle and the sieve surface inclination as factors. The results showed that the screening rate of each grade of walnut shell and kernel was the highest and the grading effect was the best under the conditions of vibration frequency 12 Hz, amplitude 5 mm, vibrating direction angle 45°, and sieve surface inclination 4°.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in the world nowadays. Benefit finding, as a key construct in the evolution of positive psychology, makes the individual more resilient and less responsive to stressful demands and promotes physical and mental health of patients. This paper reviewed studies on benefit finding of patients with lung cancer in perspectives of concepts, measuring tools, influencing factors and interventions, in order to provide reference for physical and mental healthcare practice of patients with lung cancer. (肺癌是世界范围内致死率最高的癌症。疾病获益感是积极心理学的重要概念, 能使个体更加高效地应对和适应未来的压力源, 从而促进患者身心健康。本文简要综述了肺癌患者疾病获益感的概念、测量工具、影响因素及干预措施, 以期更好地为肺癌患者的身心健康服务提供理论依据。)

Owing to historical reasons and investment restrictions, China’s aerospace industry initially focused on space technology and application, with insufficient emphasis on space science; therefore, space science, technology, and application developed independently. The development of space technology should be deeply integrated into space science and application, thus to strengthen China’s aerospace industry and create new opportunities and achievements. This study explores the implications of space science, space technology, and space application and clarifies their interrelationships. Moreover, it systematically analyzes the development trend in space science, technology, and application worldwide and reviews the development situation of space-related fields in China. Based on this, it examines the necessity for coordinating the development of space science, technology, and application in China and summarizes the major challenges. Considering their overlapping needs and mutual promotion, space science, technology, and application should be coordinated throughout the process of planning, deployment, and implementation. First, the advantages of the new national system should be exploited to conduct top-level planning under unified management. Second, the innovation-driven development strategy should be insisted to promote the international competitiveness of China’s aerospace industry through technological progress. Third, basic research in the space field should be strengthened and high-level scientists and engineers should be cultivated. Lastly, resource planning and coordination should be strengthened to promote the rational opening and full utilization of space application data.

This paper reports a case of immune-related hypophysitis (irH) after 7 cycles of treatment with Duva-lizumab, a PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) inhibitor in a patient with small cell lung cancer. The patient showed fatigue, anorexia, hypotension, with lower serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (3.8 ng/L) and thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH）(0.266 μIU/mL) than those before treatment (48 ng/L, 4.64 μIU/mL). The patient′s condition gradually improved with hydrocortisone replacement treatment. PubMed, Wanfang, and CNKI databases were searched.A total of 316 cases have been reported in recent 10 years, including 10 cases with irH caused by PD-1/PD-L1 in 84 lung cancer patients, mainly manifested as fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, and hypotension. Compared with cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 antibody blocker treatment, the incidence of PD-1/PD-L1 induced-irH is low, and onset of irH is later. Pituitary MRI images mostly showed no abnormality. However, the condition of the patients was often critical or even life-threatening, which need to pay attention to.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuity of care based on enhanced self-management for patients with early diabetic nephropathy. Methods Totally 54 patients with early diabetic nephropathy were randomly divided into the control group and observation group, with 27 cases in each group. All patients received integrated traditional Chinese and western treatment at outpatient visit. Patients in the control group received routine nursing interventions after discharge from the hospital, and those in the observation group were given continuity of care interventions based on enhanced self-management. The clinical outcome indexes were measured before and 6 months after intervention. Results Better clinical outcomes were observed at 6 months after intervention, and systolic pressure, urinary albumin creatinine ratio(UCAR), uric acid, fasting blood-glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin of patients in the observation were significantly lower than those in the control group, respectively(P＜0. 05). Conclusion Continuity of care based on enhanced self-management is potentially effective to reduce the systolic pressure, UCAR), uric acid, fasting blood-glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin of patients with early diabetic nephropathy. (目的 探讨强化自我管理的延续性护理模式在早期糖尿病肾病患者中的应用效果。方法 采用简单随机数字表法将符合纳入标准的54例早期糖尿病肾病患者随机分为对照组和观察组, 各27例。两组患者均接受中西医结合门诊治疗, 对照组采用常规院外护理措施, 观察组在入组当日即采用强化自我管理的延续性护理模式。分别在干预前和干预6月时收集两组患者生化指标并进行比较。结果 干预6个月时, 两组患者各项指标较干预前有下降趋势, 与对照组比较, 观察组较收缩压、尿微量白蛋白与尿肌酐比值(UACR)、血尿酸、空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白指标更低, 改善更明显, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 强化自我管理的延续性护理模式能有效降低早期糖尿病肾病患者收缩压、UACR, 血尿酸、空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白, 值得借鉴。)

Objective To investigate the knowledge about health education and self-management behavior in patients with early diabetic nephropathy, and provide reference for establishment of targeted health education and nursing plan. Methods A convenience sample of 118 patients with early diabetic nephropathy was enrolled. The general information, patients’ knowledge about health education and their self-management behavior were assessed by self-made Knowledge Assessment Scale and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure(SDSCA). Results The average score of lifestyle dimension of Knowledge Assessment Scale was (2. 58±0. 59), and the lowest score was reported in diet sub-dimension(2. 29±0. 56), followed by exercise(2. 59±0. 69), stopping smoking (2. 96±0. 88) , stopping alcohol (3. 17±0. 95)and bodyweight control (3. 33±0. 93). The average score of medication management dimension was (3. 11±0. 65), and average score of symptoms observation and nursing practice was (2. 55±0. 73)and (2. 55±0. 89), respectively. The average score of social-psychological nursing and follow-up management was (3. 28±0. 60)and (3. 28±0. 60), respectively. The score of each dimension of SDSCA was listed as follows: diet (3. 39±1. 30), exercise (4. 05±2. 85), blood sugar monitoring(1. 14±1. 82), medication adherence(4. 20±2. 30)and foot care(1. 87±2. 47). There were 39(33. 05%)smokers who consumed averaged 19. 01 cigarettes per day. Conclusion Patients with early diabetic nephropathy had poor knowledge about health education, practically in knowledge about diet and exercise. Efforts should be made to enhance the health education on knowledge about prevention and treatment of early diabetic nephropathy. In addition, the poor self-management behavior among patients with early diabetic nephropathy may indicate poor diabetes self-management as a negative influencing factor of progression of early diabetic nephropathy. (目的 探讨早期糖尿病肾病患者健康教育知识水平及自我管理行为现状, 为制定针对性的健康教育及护理方案提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样方法对纳入某三级甲等中医院符合纳入排除标准的118例早期糖尿病肾病患者实施调查, 调查内容包括患者一般资料、自编的早期糖尿病肾病相关知识知晓情况调查表、糖尿病自我管理活动问卷(SDSCA), 并对数据资料进行描述性统计分析。结果 早期糖尿病肾病患者健康教育知识水平调查结果显示, 生活方式平均得分(2. 58±0. 59)分, 其中饮食(2. 29±0. 56)分、运动(2. 59±0. 69)分、戒烟(2. 96±0. 88)分、戒酒(3. 17±0. 95)分、体质量控制(3. 33±0. 93)分; 用药管理平均得分(3. 11±0. 65)分, 症状观察(2. 55±0. 73)分, 护理操作技巧(2. 55±0. 89)分; 社会心理护理(3. 28±0. 60)分, 复诊管理(3. 24±0. 96)分; SDSCA量表的各维度中得分为饮食(3. 39±1. 30)分、运动(4. 05±2. 85)分、血糖监测(1. 14±1. 82)分、遵医用药(4. 20±2. 30)分和足部护理(1. 87±2. 47)分。39(33. 05%)人吸烟, 平均每日吸烟19. 01支。结论 早期糖尿病患者的健康教育知识水平知晓情况较差, 尤其是生活方式中的饮食及运动方面, 早期糖尿病肾病防治的相关知识的宣传教育和科普亟待加强; 此外, 早期糖尿病肾病患者的自我管理行为也较差, 可能进一步验证了不良的糖尿病自我管理是早期糖尿病肾病疾病进展的重要因素。)

[Objective] Change in soil water content is not only an indicator of water stresses used for irrigation management but also controls biogeochemical processes in soil. In this paper, we study the feasibility of using thermal infrared imaging to estimate soil moisture dynamics. [Method] The experiment was conducted in July-August 2023 in a walnut orchard in Xinjiang. Thermal infrared images of the walnut canopy were measured continuously using a thermal infrared camera. Based on the HSV color space of the images, an improved K-means segmentation algorithm was proposed to analyze the change in canopy temperature. We also measured air temperature and humidity, illuminance, wind speed, atmospheric CO2, and soil water content in the 0-80 cm soil layer, from which we proposed an inversion model to estimate soil water dynamics. [Result] The improved K-means algorithm increased the accuracy from 82.34% to 94.55%, and the errors between the canopy temperature acquired from the images and the measured canopy temperature were in the range of 0 to 1.0. The infrared imaging method was most accurate between 14:00 pm to 16:00 pm. Our results showed that the walnut roots were most active in taking up water from the 40-60 cm soil layer 50-60 cm away horizons from the tree truck. Canopy temperature, air temperature and relative humidity, and atmospheric CO2 concentration were correlated with soil water content at significant levels; they can thus be used to estimate soil water dynamics, with a coefficient of determination of R2=0.86 and p<0.01. [Conclusion] The temperature acquired from the infrared images of the walnut canopy can be used with other metrological data and atmospheric CO2 concentration to estimate soil water dynamics in the root zone of the walnut. It provides a new method for improving soil water management in walnut orchards in Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the clinical application of open bridging repair with artificial material in treating large abdominal wall defect. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 58 patients with large abdominal wall defect from June 2007 to June 2020 in our department, including 19 cases of defect after resection of abdominal space-occupying lesions, 35 cases of giant incision hernia, 3 cases of local deficient abdominal wall after abdominal trauma or infection, and 1 case of delayed abdominal closure after congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair due to insufficient abdominal volume. Therapeutic effect was followed up. Results The reconstruction was achieved in all cases. Postoperative complication was found seroma in 5 cases cured with double tubes negative drainage. One case had both skin necrosis and incision dehiscence treated with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD). There was 1 case with hematoma treated by pressure dressing and 1 case with mesh infection treated by upper mesh removal and VSD later. One case had temporary abdominal closure and planned mesh exposure due to insufficient abdominal volume using bridging repair of intraperitoneal onlay mesh and Inlay, who was treated VSD 3 times and staged abdominal closure. Mesh bulging was in 1 case treated with follow-up and observation. Duration of follow-up ranged from 12 to 156 months, with 94.8% follow-up rate and 3 cases lost. No recurrence of hernia or defect was present. Conclusions Open bridging repair with artificial material can be an indispensable skill for large abdominal defects which can not be closed and the complication can be treated.

In order to solve the problem of that lacking of feature information and low accuracy of weed recognition under the influence of natural illumination, a weed recognition method based on depth convolution neural network and color migration was proposed. There were 1 334 weed images collected under different natural illumination conditions (including cloudy, reflective, inverted and cloudy weather), and other 1 436 images were collected without the influence of natural illumination. Firstly, the optimized Reinhard algorithm was used to process the color migration of the sample image affected by the natural illumination to reduce the influence factors of the light, and the weed image was grayed out by ExG index graying and Otsu threshold image segmentation Then, through feature extraction and fusion, the Inception-V3 classifier constructed by convolution neural network was used for training, and the recognition rate was (Calculated by Softmax. Finally, the weed recognition rate with or without color migration algorithm and ExG grayscale and the influence of light environment on weed recognition were compared. The results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of weed identification by 15.6% and achieve a recognition rate of 90.01%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to overcome the influence of stray light and impurity on the image of video laryngoscope, we designed an optical structure by using Trace Pro, a simulation software, to imitate optical path status. Images are captured by CMOS sensor which has the size of 4.5 mm×18 mm and the pixel size is 1.75 μm×1.75 μm. The sensor is placed in the elbow of the laryngoscope, and the elbow has the size of 9 mm×10 mm. As a result, the video laryngoscope could meet the requirements, including wide viewing angle(80°), short focal length(2.8 mm), long working distance(10 cm), and least impurity. In the test, the image was clear and there was no facula or impurity in the condition of required illumination,and thus stray light and image impurity were eliminated and the image quality was improved.

Objective: To explore the effect of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor (17-DMAG) and oxaliplatin on the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer., Methods: After 17-DMAG, oxaliplatin and half-dose combination of 2 drugs processing colorectal cancer SW480 and HCT116 cell lines, CCK8 assay was applied to detect cell viability. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression level of the apoptosis-related molecules. Transwell chemokine axis experiment and Western blot were employed to detect cell invasion ability and the expression level of tumor metastasis-associated protein., Results: The growth of SW480 and HCT116 cells was inhibited after the administration of 17-DMAG and oxaliplatin(P<0.05) in dose- and time-dependent manner. Processed by 17-DMAG 100 nmol/L, oxaliplatin 50 mg/L and half-dose combination of 2 drugs, transcription level of the apoptosis inhibitory gene (Bcl-2) in SW480 and HCT116 cells was decreased, the level of apoptosis promoting gene (Bax) transcription and protein PARP-1 spliceosome expression was increased, and the above trend was more obvious when using half-dose combination of 2 drugs. Transwell chemokine axis experiments showed the penetrating relative percentage and expression level of MMP9 and integrin β3 decreased, especially for half-dose combination of 2 drugs., Conclusion: 17-DMAG and oxaliplatin can co-inhibit the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer.

Objective: To explore the clinicopathological significance and relationship of Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissue and pancreatic cancer cell lines., Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 in 95 paraffin-embedded PDAC specimens and 55 adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues which were collected from May 2004 to January 2013.Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detected the protein and mRNA expression in 16 paired fresh PDAC specimens of the pancreas and adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues and 6 different pancreatic cancer cell lines.χ(2) test, Spearman-rank correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to analyze the data., Results: Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 were significantly over-expressed in PDAC than in adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues (χ(2) = 7.429, P < 0.05; χ(2) = 15.1, P < 0.01). Lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and post-operation recurrence were positively correlated with the expression of Tspan 1 (χ(2) = 6.688, P < 0.01; χ(2) = 13.055, P < 0.01; χ(2) = 6.116, P < 0.05) . TNM stage was positively correlated with the expression of Integrin α6 (χ(2) = 8.896, P < 0.05) . Tspan 1 was correlated with Integrin α6 (r = 0.223, P < 0.05) . The expressions of Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 were negatively correlated with survival time (χ(2) = 5.263, P < 0.05;χ(2) = 10.124, P < 0.01) . Multivariate analysis revealed that Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 expressions were independent prognostic factors in PDAC patients (χ(2) = 6.152, P < 0.05; χ(2) = 9.479, P < 0.01). Western blot (t = 2.278, P < 0.05; t = 3.153, P < 0.05) and qRT-PCR (t = 2.439, P < 0.05; t = 3.258, P < 0.05) showed that Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 expressions were higher in PDAC tissues than in adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic. Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 were expressed in all six pancreatic cancer cell lines.In SW1990 which derived from metastasis PDAC, Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 expressions were higher than the cell lines from primary tumor., Conclusion: Tspan 1 and Integrin α6 expression can up-regulate the invasion and metastasis of PDAC and may be used to predict the prognosis of PDAC.

Objective: To study the relationship and clinicopathological significance of Numb,MDM2 and p53 expression in human pancreatic cancer., Methods: The expression of Numb,MDM2 and p53 proteins in 65 cases of paired paraffin embedded pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) specimens and adjacent non-cancerous pancreas was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship among their expression and clinicopathological characters was analyzed.Westem blot was used to examine their expression in 16 paired fresh PDAC specimens and adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues. Meanwhile,Numb expression in Capan-2, PANC-1 and AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells with different differentiation were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) , Westem blot and quantitative real-time (qRT) -PCR, respectively. Paired sample t-test, χ(2) test, Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to analyze the results of our experiments, respectively., Results: IHC showed that there was no differential expression of Numb in PDAC and adjacent pancreas (t = 1.746, P = 0.086) , while the expression of MDM2 and p53 was significantly increased in PDAC, compared to that in paired normal pancreas (t = 3.294, P = 0.002; t = 3.152, P = 0.002, respectively) .Numb expression was negatively associated with tumor size (χ² = 5.206, P = 0.023), differentiation (χ² = 7.802, P = 0.005) and UICC stage (χ² = 4.770, P = 0.029), while expression of MDM2 and p53 was positively associated with tumor T and TNM stage, respectively (χ² = 5.182, P = 0.023; χ² = 6.448, P = 0.011) . Correlation analysis showed a negative association between Numb and MDM2 (r = -0.283, P = 0.023) , but there was no relationship of them with p53 (P > 0.05) .Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that Numb was a protective prognostic indicator for patients with PDAC (χ² = 5.408, P = 0.020). Moreover, patients with Numb positive and MDM2 negative expression had a significantly better overall survival (χ² = 5.868, P = 0.015). Western blot showed that Numb expression was much higher in well differentiated PDAC than that in paired normal pancreas (t = 1.092, P = 0.020) , while the expression of MDM2 and p53 was significantly increased in 16 cases of PDAC (t = 3.263, P = 0.005; t = 3.607, P = 0.003, respectively). Numb expression was gradually increased in pancreatic cancer cells with the increasing degree of cell differentiation detected by IF, Westem blot and qRT-PCR., Conclusions: Numb acts as a tumor suppressor gene in the development of PDAC. Numb, MDM2 and p53 might coordinately participate in the development of PDAC.

Objective: To study the role and possible mechanism of glioma-associated oncogene-1 (Gli1) in regulating the cell invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells., Methods: Quantitative real-time (qRT) -PCR was used to detect the effect of siRNA interference on Gli1, murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53 genes. Cell invasion and migration assays were used to observe the effect of Gli1, MDM2 and p53 silence on cell invasion and migration in p53 wild-type Capan-2 pancreatic cancer cells, respectively. Meanwhile, immunoblotting (IB) was used to detect the protein level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9, phospho-excelluar signal-regulated kinase (pERK) and phosphorylation protein kinase B (pAKT) in Gli1-silencing Capan-2 cells. The data were analyzed by paired t-test., Results: qRT-PCR showed that the expression of Gli1, MDM2 and p53 is down-regulated 70.5% and 74.5%, 61.8% and 65.3%, and 73.8% and 78.2% after siRNA interference, compared with the mock and siRNA control groups, respectively. Cell invasion (94 ± 8) and migration (143 ± 8) in p53 wild-type Capan-2 cells transfected with Gli1siRNA were significantly decreased, compared with the siRNA control group (150 ± 7, 190 ± 10) (t = 6.584, P = 0.022; t = 8.266, P = 0.014) , while MDM2 silence inhibited cell invasion (experiment group:85 ± 12, control group: 138 ± 6) and migration (experiment group: 127 ± 9, control group:180 ± 10) in the same cells, respectively (t = 5.097, P = 0.036;t = 4.860, P = 0.040). However, cell invasion (experiment group: 153 ± 11, control group: 106 ± 7) and migration (experiment group: 209 ± 13, control group: 164 ± 8) in p53-silencing Capan-2 cells were significantly enhanced (t = 4.669, P = 0.043; t = 4.990, P = 0.038). IB showed that Gli1 silence down-regulated MMP-9 but not pERK and pAKT protein expression., Conclusion: Gli1 might contribute to the cell invasion and migration in pancreatic cancer via the regulation of MDM2, p53 and MMP-9 expression.

Objective: To explore the expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its clinicopathological significance in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and examine its regulatory role of biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells., Methods: The expression of LIF protein in 53 paired paraffin-embedded PDAC specimens and adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.Western bolt was used to examine the expression of LIF level in 14 paired fresh PDAC specimens and adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues.Furthermore, Western blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect the LIF-R mRNA and protein level of LIF in 6 pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, BxPC-3, PANC-1, SW-1990, Capan-2 and Miapaca-2). And the assays of MTT, invasion and migration were used to detect the effects of LIF in regulating cell proliferation, invasion and migration in pancreatic cancer cell lines., Results: The expression of LIF increased in 53 cases of PDAC versus paired normal tissues (66.0% vs 35.8%; t = 3.031, P = 0.004). And its positive association with tumor TNM stage (χ² = 3.635, P = 0.057) and invasion depth (χ² = 3.726, P = 0.054) had no statistical significance.Univariate analysis revealed that LIF may be a correlative adverse prognostic indicator for patients with PDAC (χ² = 3.233, P = 0.072). The expression of LIF was much higher in 14 cases of PDAC than that in adjacent normal pancreatic tissues (t = 5.283, P < 0.01). The protein level of LIF was lower in Capan-2 cells than that in other 5 pancreatic cancer cell lines while mRNA level of LIF receptor was higher than that in other 5 cell lines. Also LIF could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of Capan-2 cell (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: An over-expression of LIF may contribute to the development and progression of PDAC.LIF can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion in some pancreatic cancer cells.

In recent years, the incidence and mortality of advanced lung cancer in elderly patients have been increasing. However, the general acceptance of treatment more than best supportive care in the elderly patients is not optimistic, because the social-economic, family and other factors besides health care were involved in the treatment strategy. In this review, we summarize the current status and prospect of treatment protocols for elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Ethyl (R)-3-hydroxy-5-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-pentanoate is a potential intermediate for the synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (atorvastatin) that can lower the cholesterol level in human blood. In this study, in order to synthesize ethyl (R)-3-hydroxy-5-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-pentanoate by bioreduction, the yeast strains in our lab were screened. Ethyl (R)-3-hydroxy-5-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-pentanoate was found to be produced efficiently from ethyl 5-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3-oxopentanoate by Pichia pastoris X-33. The effects of initial substrate concentration, reaction time, co-substrate, amount of yeast cells, pH, as well as the temperature on the yield and enantiomeric excesses (e.e. value) of product were examined in mono-phase system. The optimal reaction conditions are as fallows: substrate concentration 7 g/L, cell concentration 120 g/L, glucose concentration 120 g/L, pH 6.5, temperature 35 degrees C, reaction time 12 h, and the yield 93.12% with the high e.e. value of 98.55%.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of modified external dacrocystorhinostomy (DCR) with intubation in the treatment of lacrimal sac cyst., Methods: Twenty-three lacrimal sac cyst cases (23 eyes) were enrolled and treated with DCR technique and tube intubation. The success was assessed based on lacrimal irrigation and symptomatic relief of epiphora., Results: Among 23 patients, surgery was interrupted and converted to dacryocystectomy in 1 case., thus surgery was successfully performed in 22 cases. Among them, 1 case lost follow up at 6 month, 1 case lost follow up at 12 month. At 1 month visit, lacrimal sac cyst disappeared in 22 cases. At 12 month visit, epiphora was completed relieved in 18 out of 20 cases, irrigation indicated no obstruction in all 20 cases., Conclusions: The modified DCR technique with intubation has satisfactory outcome for lacrimal sac cyst.