Search

Schisandra chinensis refers to the dried mature fruit of the plant Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill from the Magnoliaceae family, or Schisandra sphenanchera Rehd. etWils. It is rich in various active components such as polysaccharides, lignans, volatile oils, and polyphenols. Polysaccharides, as its main active ingredients, are extracted by biphasic extraction, enzymatic method, ultrasonic method, microwave method, ultrasonic-microwave synergy, microwave-enzymatic synergy, and aqueous extraction, among which biphasic extraction has the highest efficiency, and ultrasonic and aqueous extraction are the most widely used methods. Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides are mainly composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose and galacturonic acid, and the average molecular weight roughly ranges from 103~105 Da. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides have significant antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering efficacy, and they are of significant significance for the development of high-value in the field of food and medicine. Therefore, this paper systematically summarizes the extraction process, structural characteristics and biological activities of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides and their related mechanisms at home and abroad in recent years, and looks forward to its research direction and application prospects, with a view to providing reference for the in-depth research and application development of Schisandra chinensis.

Using deep learning technology to control vehicles at intersections is a research hotspot in the field of intelligent transportation.Previous studies suffer from the inability to adapt to dynamic changes in the number of self-driving vehicles,slow convergence of training,and locally optimal training results.This work focuses on how autonomous vehicles can use distributed deep reinforcement methods to improve the efficiency of intersections at unsignalized intersections.First,an efficient reward function is proposed to apply the distributed reinforcement learning algorithm to the unsignalized intersection scenario,which can effectively improve the efficiency of intersection passage by relying on only local information even if the vehicle cannot obtain the whole intersection state information.Then,to address the problem of inefficient training of reinforcement learning methods in open intersection scenarios,a transfer learning approach is used to improve the training efficiency by using the trained strategy in the closed figure-of-eight scenario as a warm start and continuing the training in the unsignalized intersection scenario.Finally,this paper proposes a strategy that can be adapted to all proportions of autonomous vehicles,and this strategy can improve intersection access efficiency in scenarios with any proportion of autonomous vehicles.The algorithm is validated on the simulation platform Flow,and the experimental results show that the proposed smart body model converges quickly in training,can adapt to dynamic changes in the proportion of self-driving vehicles,and can effectively improve the efficiency of intersections.

Abstract:Aiming at the problem of low fall detection accuracy and poor real-time performance in indoor scenes due to the effects of light change, occlusion of the human body form, and changes in the human body posture under special viewpoint, a lightweight improved fall detection algorithm based on YOLOv8, named FDW-YOLO, is proposed. The C2f module in the backbone network is replaced by the FasterNext module, which reduces the computational complexity while retaining the excellent feature extraction capability. According to the characteristics of human falls with large changes in posture, three network structures with dynamically deformable convolutional modules added at different positions in the neck layer are designed, experiments are conducted on a self-made fall dataset for comparison, and ultimately, the YOLOv8-C scheme is selected based on network performance. A bounding box regression loss function WIoU is introduced into the improved network to replace the original CIoU. The experimental results show that compared with YOLOv8n, the FDW-YOLO fall detection algorithm increases mAP@0.5 from 96.5% to 97.9% and mAP@0.5:0.95 from 72.5% to 74.3%, while the number of parameters and computation is only 4.1x106 and 7.3x109, which is in line with the requirements for deployment in low-computing power industrial scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effects of dietary isochlorogenic acid (ICGA) on early growth performance, intestinal structure, immune performance, and microbial diversity of broilers. 400 one-day-old Kebao broilers, half in male and half female, were randomly divided into five groups with eight replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate. Each group was fed with basal diet (control group), basal diet + 500 mg/kg ICGA (T1 group), basal diet + 1 000 mg/kg ICGA (T2 group), basal diet + 2 000 mg/kg ICGA (T3 group), and basal diet + 3 000 mg/kg ICGA (T4 group). The trial period was 21 days. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) were not significantly different among the groups (P>0.05). The apparent metabolic rate of crude protein (CP) in T3 group and T4 group was significantly higher than that in control group and T2 group (P<0.05), and the apparent metabolic rate of calcium (Ca) in all experimental groups was extremely higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The ileal pH value of T3 group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). Serum complement C3 content of broilers in each experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) content of broilers in T3 group were significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The villus height of T3 group was significantly higher than that of the control group and T1 group (P<0.05), and the villus-saphenous ratio of T3 group was significantly higher than that of the control group, T1 group, and T2 group (P<0.05). Subdoligranulum&lowbar;variabile in T2 group and T3 group was significantly higher than that in control group and T1 group (P<0.05). Subdoligranulum&lowbar;variabile in T2 group was extremely higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The study indicates that the nutrient apparent metabolic rate, immune performance, intestinal structure, and intestinal flora were improved by adding ICGA in the diet. The appropriate level of ICGA in the diet of broilers is 2 000 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multiple semi-fragile watermarks algorithms was proposed,considering the characteristics of clustering col-laboration aggregation in WSN.The generation of watermarks,embeding and extraction were completed by not a single node,but a fixed number of witnesses nodes which selected within the same clusters.This algorithm could against leak-age of keys when a single node was captured,and it could save energy costs also.On this basis,a false data filtering al-gorithm was proposed based on multiple semi-fragile watermarks,this algorithm could authenticate the accuracy,com-pleteness and fresh using watermarks embedded in data,without relying on MAC authentication.It provided a compari-son between the scheme and previously proposed schemes.The analysis and simulation results indicate significant im-provement in probability of filtering false data,energy saving and having robust,yet fragile characteristics,which support lossy in-network data processing and resist of the noise in certain.

Wireless sensor networks usually have limited resources, such as energy, bandwidth and processing and so on.And they can’t match the transmission of a large number of data.So, it is necessary to perform in-network compression of the raw data sampled by sensors.The data sensor node collected normally have multiple-modalities pertinence.Multiple-modalities pertinence refers to the different types of data which the same node sampled have some correlation.A adaptive multiple-modalities data compression algorithm using wavelet was designed.In a given threshold of the correlation, the data can be adaptive classified using this algorithm.the relevant data can be estimated using the least square estimation.The characteristics data are abstracted as a matrix, then can be exploited the spatial and temporal corrections using wavelet transform.Theoretically and experimentally, the proposed algorithm can effectively exploit the correlation of the data, the compression ratio of the algorithm has improved.Effectively, it can provide a significant reduction in energy consumption.

[Objectives] To study the effects of different slow-release carriers on the release rate of plant volatiles, in order to provide technical support for the selection of appropriate release carriers for the research of related insect attractants, so as to achieve the best trapping effect and longer duration. [Methods] The release rate and duration of α-pinene and cis-3-hexenol in LDPE bottles and LDPE bags with different specifications were measured by weighing method under outdoor conditions. [Results] The release rate test of LDPE bottles showed that there were significant differences in the release rates of plant volatiles between different sizes of LDPE bottles and different doses. The average daily release rate of 15 mL LDPE bottle +15 mL α-pinene within 16 days was the lowest, which was (268.3±70.3) mg⋅d-1, significantly lower than (580.0±119.5) mg⋅d-1 of 100 mL LDPE bottle +15 mL α-pinene and (913.3±133.8) mg⋅d-1 of 100 mL LDPE bottle +50 mL α-pinene. The duration of 100 mL LDPE bottle +15 mL α-pinene combination is about 16 days, while the duration of 15 mL LDPE bottle +15 mL α-pinene combination and 100 mL LDPE bottle+50 mL α-pinene combination can reach more than 50 days. The release rate test of LDPE bag showed that, The average daily release rate of 2 mL cis-3-hexenol in 0.02 mm LDPE bag within 12 days was the highest, which was (110.7±28.0) mg⋅d-1, significantly higher than that of other thickness LDPE bags; The daily average release rate of 2 mL cis-3-hexenol in 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.16 mm LDPE bags were (48.3±14.4), (42.0±11.5), (36.3±14.4) and (31.0±7.9) mg⋅d-1, with no significant difference; The duration of 2 mL cis-3-hexenol in 0.02 mm LDPE bag is about 16 days, while the release rate on 0.06-0.16 mm LDPE bags is relatively stable, and the duration can reach 50-60 days. [Conclusion] The test results show that the release rate can be accurately controlled by using different volumes, different thicknesses of slow-release carriers and different doses of plant volatiles to meet the needs of different insect attractants. The conclusion of this study can provide some reference for the selection of slow-release carriers of insect attractants in production, and provide technical support for insect pest monitoring and pest control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discussed the value of the maternal dynamic ECG monitoring (Holter) assisted color Doppler ultrasound (CDFI) and Tei index in predicting fetal intrauterine distress. The pregnant women who registered and gave birth were selected as the research object. Among them, 53 pregnant women with fetal distress symptoms were selected as the distress group, and 100 pregnant women without fetal distress symptoms during the same period were selected as the control group. The two groups were monitored by Holter, and CDFI was used to detect fetal umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), systolic to diastolic peak blood flow ratio (S/D), and Tei index. The PELV values in the distress group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The measured values of PI, RI, and S/D of the umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery in the distress group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The Tei index value of the distress group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The best cut-off value of PELV value for predicting fetal distress was 18. 68%, and the area under the curve was 0.655. The sensitivity of PELV + umbilical artery S/D value + brain arterial S/D value + Tei index to predict fetal distress was 90.57%, and specificity was 87. 00%. Clinically, the sensitivity of Holter alone to predict fetal distress is poor. As an auxiliary method, combined with CDFI and Tei index to predict fetal distress has a better effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the interdependence between chronic kidney disease children's transition readiness assessment of children and their parents and the quality of life of both parties by using an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Methods·A convenience sample of 177 pairs of children with CKD aged 12-18 years who were hospitalized in the Nephrology Department of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from October 2018 to April 2021, and their parents were selected for the general information questionnaire and self-care and transition readiness and quality of life questionnaire, and a model was constructed by using AMOS 24.0 to analyze the correlations. Results·The assessment of transition readiness of 177 children with CKD and their parents was unsatisfactory, with item average score of 3.39±0.62 for the children and 3.31±0.63 for the parents; the item average score of quality of life for the children and parents were 75.35±15.28 and 70.27±18.56, respectively. Multiple stratified regression analysis showed that the number of school days missed within six months was a negative predictor of the child's quality of life; duration of illness, only child or not in a family, and mother unemployment were negative predictors of the parent's quality of life, while doctor-patient communication between the child and the parent was a positive predictor for both parties. The results of the actor-partner interdependence model showed interdependence between child and parent assessment of the child's transition readiness and quality of life of both parties, with an actor effect between parent transition readiness and parent quality of life (B=27.76, P=0.000) and a partner effect for both child and parent (child: B=-14.91, P=0.007; parent: B=14.35, P=0.000), and in the subdimensional analysis, there were actor-partner effects of varying degrees. Conclusion·There is a reciprocal relationship between child's transition readiness by the child with CKD and his or her parents and the quality of life of both parties, and health care providers need to focus on parent-child interaction during the child-parent transition and include both the child and parents in the development of a targeted transition readiness plan to improve the quality of life of both parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the imported malaria epidemic situation of Changsha city from 2015 to 2019, and we provide basis for consolidating the achievements of eliminating malaria and preventing and controlling malaria in the future. Methods Data on malaria cases in Changsha from 2015 to 2019 were collected, and sorted through the National Infectious Diseases Information Reporting Management System (IDIRMS) and the Parasitic Diseases Information Reporting Management System (PDIRMS). The epidemiological features of malaria cases were described, and malaria diagnostic agency, diagnostic timeliness, state of an illness were analyzed by chi-square test and rank-sum test. Results A total of 290 cases of imported malaria were reported in Changsha from 2015 to 2019, all of them were imported from abroad, with imported falciparum malaria accounting for 74.83%; Cases of malaria have been reported and distributed in nine districts (counties and cities) of Changsha. The current address is 151 cases in this city and 139 cases in other places. The majority of malaria patients are young and middle-aged male workers. The number of cases diagnosed and treated in municipal medical institutions was the highest, and the diagnosis rate in provincial medical institutions was the highest. There was no statistically significant difference in the interval between initial diagnosis and diagnosis in provincial, municipal and county medical institutions (H=2.396, P>0.05). The timeliness of diagnosis increased in 2019 compared with 2015 (H onset-initial diagnosis =14.186, P<0.05; H initial diagnosis-diagnosis =33.708, P <0.05). Totally 191 patients with severe malaria (including critical), falciparum has high rate of severe malaria patients compared with other species (χ² =6.712, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the timeliness of diagnosis among malaria patients with different disease degrees (Zonset -- initial diagnosis =- 1.157, P>0.05; Zinitial diagnosis - diagnosis =- 0.197, P>0.05). Conclusion The timeliness of malaria diagnosis has been improved in Changsha, we should continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of imported malaria. Malaria control threshold should be moved forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the feasibility and effect of electrocorticography (ECoG) for intraoperative mapping of motor cortex. Methods Eight patients with brain lesions near motor areas were operated under awake craniotomy from June 2017 to June 2019. The motor-related cortices were detected by intraoperative direct electrical stimulation (DES). The ECoG signals including μ rhythm and slow cortical potential (SCP) were collected intraoperatively and analyzed by wavelet analysis from patients at rest and hand-moving state (grasp and extension motion). The changes of event-related desynchronization (ERD) of different rhythms were analyzed by wavelet analysis before and after hand grasping. The threshold values of μ rhythm, SCP and different pattern recognition in combination were compared by using DES as "gold standard". The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) and the sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. Results When the threshold of ERD of the μ rhythm was chosen as 40%, the sensitivity and specificity of ECoG mapping of motor cortex were 81.08% (30/37) and 83.33% (25/30). The ERD threshold of the SCP was chosen as 1.6, the sensitivity and specificity were 83.78% (31/37) and 80% (24/30) respectively. Combined μ rhythm with SCP mapping revealed high sensitivity (97.29%, 36/37) and moderate specificity (80%, 24/30) as compared with DES when D mode (sensitive priority mode) was chosen, that was either μ rhythm or SCP positive was defined as the motor cortex. Conclusions The ECoG analysis has a higher sensitivity to locate the motor cortex without stimulating the brain. It is expected as a new adjuvant to DES for intraoperative mapping of eloquent cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To illustrate the genetic mechanism of complex agronomic traits in wheat, we investigated nine agronomic traits using 150 wheat cultivars (lines) from China across four environments. Genome-wide association analysis was performed using wheat 35K genotyping assay with five association models (Q, PCA, K, PCA+K, Q+K). The results revealed that the polymorphic information content (PIC) of values was between 0.0950 and 0.5000, and the minimum allele frequency (MAF) was between 0.0500 and 0.5000. Both the population structure analysis and the PCA analysis showed that the tested materials could be divided into two sub-populations. Linkage disequilibrium analysis found that the LD decay distances of the A, B, D, and the whole genome were approximately 4.7, 8, 11, and 6 Mb, respectively. A total of 652 significant (P ≤ 0.001) marker-trait associations (MTAs) were detected, thereinto, 21 SNPs could be detected on chromosomes 1A(1), 1B(4), 2A(3), 2D(2), 3A(1), 5A(1), 5B(5), 6A(1), 6B(2), and 7D(3) in two or more environments. Three SNPs were significantly associated with two traits and the physical position of one SNP was unknown. Single SNPs could explain 7.67 % to 18.79 % phenotypic variation. It was found that eight favorable allelic variations accounted for a low proportion in the tested population. Fourteen candidate genes that may be related to agronomic traits of wheat were identified. Among them, TraesCS5B02G237200, TraesCS7D02G129700, and TraesCS1B02G426300 may play important roles in plants resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. TraesCS5B02G010800 and TraesCS7D02G436800 may be related to the hormones synthesis and response in plants. TraesCS2A02G092200 may enhance the cell wall formation of plants. TraesCS5A02G438800 may be involved in chloroplast development. The function of the other seven candidate genes is unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]A new pumpkin cultivar called Xinpin 1 for eating and processing dual-purpose was bred to provide technical support for selecting superior pumpkin cultivars in Guangxi. [Method]The female parent, inbred line YP, was derived from directional nine-generation selfing of Yipin pumpkin hybrid variety. The male parent, inbred line RT, was derived from eight-generation selfing of greenish-white pumpkin. The female parent was crossed with male parent, and variety comparison and production demonstration telts were carried out afterwards. [Result]The newly bred Xinpin 1 was proper both for eating and processing. The fruit was oval. Single fruit weight was 1.00-2.00 kg. The a-trovirens pericarp had light-color spots and pulp was orange-yellow with the thickness of 2.0-3.0 cm. With less water, starch and total sugar content was 18.0% and 3.01%, respectively. It tasted smooth and sweet with chestnut flavor. Due to tenacious pulp, it was resistant in transport. Only 65 days were required from sowing to tender pumpkin harvest and another 20 days for mature pumpkin harvest. The mean yield in variety comparison test was 24564.0 kg/ha, and it was 22440.0-25299.0 kg/ha in production demonstration. [Conclusion]Having outstanding yield and quality traits, Xinpin 1 can be extended as an early cultivation cultivar in winter and spring for Guangxi pumpkin planting area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]A new tetraploid few-seed watermelon variety was bred suitable for open field and green-house to diversify watermelon varieties for enhancing competitiveness of Guangxi watermelon industry. [Method]In 2009, tetraploid watermelon 403 (female parent) and tetraploid watermelon JL (male parent) produced a new hybrid tetraploid watermelon Xinggui 6, which was tested for two consecutive years in open field (2009-2010) and greenhouse (2011-2012). [Result]The entire growth period of Xinggui 6 was 90-100 d in spring and 65-80 d in autumn. Its fruit maturity period was 29-35 d. Its single fruit weight was 3.5-4.5 kg and the fruit was round, dark green and bright covered by green stripes. The rind thickness was 1.0-1.2 cm. Xinggui 6 was resistant in storage and transportation. The pulp was bright red and smooth with less fiber, less seed and more juice. Xinggui 6 was firm, fresh and sweet with good quality and its sugar content was 11.5% in the center. In 2009-2010, its average yield was 38081.3 and 34602.8 kg/ha, up by 15.6% and 13.7% over the control. In 2011-2012, its average yield was 66577.5 and 63169.5 kg/ha, up by 18.1% and 15.0% over the control. In 2012, the average yield in Guangxi regional trial was 34182.0 kg/ha, up by 10.8%. In 2010-2012, the average yield in open field was 32550.0-36585.0 kg/ha, up by 10.6%-15.5% and the average yield in greenhouse was 60178.5-63168.0 kg/ha, up by 12.6%-15.2%. [Conclusion] This new hybrid tetraploid watermelon Xinggui 6, appropriate for open field and greenhouse, should be extended in watermelon planting areas of Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At first, we establish the evaluation index system of artwork. Secondly, we use the expert ratings data and information entropy to determine the weights of index. It is the first use of the unascertained measure to make comprehensive level evaluation of artwork. Thirdly, the comprehensive level is linked to the prices of artwork, so we make a new artwork pricing method. At last, we use the model to analyze the Qi Baishi paintings on the auction market in 2011, it turned out to be that the model can reduce the subjective evaluation of randomness and provide the objective basis and reference for artwork prices by transforming qualitative description into quantitative measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional influence diagram maneuvering decision method requires pilot's determination of the prior likelihood function for situation assessment, but the prior likelihood function is hard to be determined precisely. In order to solve this problem, this work introduces the stochastic decision theory into the influence diagram and presents an improved multistage influence diagram maneuvering decision method. The new method only needs to assess potential air combat situations at decision stage and the maneuvers decision could be generated according to the decision criterions. To optimize the presented method, this research designs five types of maneuvering decision criterion and, under typical air combat situations, numerically analyzes their characters respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize-soybean compound intercropping has the potential to increase yield and is being tested for spreading in Huang-Huai-hai Plain. However, the main regulatory regions of this cropping pattern on soil microbial communities have not been clarified. In the present study, the tested samples were collected from three maize root zones of bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, and roots under mono- and intercropping planting modes, respectively. The non-rhizosphere soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were determined, and bacterial communities were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. Compared with monocropping, the maize bulk soil electric conductivity （EC）, soil organic matter （SOM）, available potassium （AK）, available phosphorus （AP）, total nitrogen （TN）, and enzyme activities of intercropping were significantly increased. The α diversities and β diversity of the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil were significantly different between the two planting modes. There were 11 bacteria genera with significantly higher abundance in the rhizosphere soil of compound planting than that of monoculture, and TN, AP, and catalase were the three most important factors contributing to their distribution. The abundances of 8 genera among the 11 genera mentioned above, unclassified Vicinamibacterales , unclassified Geminicoccaceae , MND1 , unclassified Gemmatimonadaceae , Acidibacter , unclassified Vicinamibacteraceae , Sphingomonas , and unclassified Comamonadaceae were significantly positively correlated with TN. As for the bacteria distribution in maize root, AK contributed the most and had a significantly negative correlation with unclassified Rhizobiaceae and unclassified Microscillaceae and a positive correlation with Haliangium . Maize-soybean compound intercropping affected mainly the bacterial community of maize rhizosphere and had an evident effect on soil fertilizer cultivation and microbial diversity regulation, which provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for rational intercropping to maintain agroecosystem biodiversity.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of Peitu Yimu(strengthening spleen and soothing liver) acupuncture on intestinal mucosal barrier function and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)/CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1) pathway in rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), so as to explore its underlying mechanism in alleviating IBS-D., Methods: Forty female SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model, electroacupuncture (EA), and agonist groups, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, rats in the other groups were given folium sennae infusion by gavage combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress to establish IBS-D model. Rats in the EA group received acupuncture at "Tianshu"(ST25) and EA at "Zusanli"(ST36) and "Taichong"(LR3) (2 Hz/15 Hz) on one side for 20 min, with the side chosen alternately every other day, for 14 days after modeling. Rats in the agonist group received acupuncture 30 min after intravenous injection of CRFR1 agonist urocortin, with the same manipulation method and time as the EA group. Before and after intervention, visceral pain threshold and stool Bristol scores were measured. Elevated plus maze test and open field test were used to detect anxiety and depression like behavior of rats. ELISA was used to detect the contents of CRF and CRFR1 in rats serum. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expressions of CRF, CRFR1, zonula occludens protein 1(ZO-1), occlusal protein(Occludin), and closure protein 1 (Claudin-1) in colon tissue., Results: Compared with the blank group, the visceral pain threshold, open arm time percentage (OT%), total distance of movement in the open field test, and positive expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 in colon were decreased ( P <0.01, P <0.05), while Bristol stool scores, serum CRF and CRFR1 contents, and positive expressions of CRF and CRFR1 in colon were increased ( P <0.01) in the model group. After intervention and compared with the model group, the visceral pain threshold, OT%, total distance of movement in the open field test, and positive expressions of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 in colon were increased ( P <0.05, P <0.01), while Bristol stool scores, serum CRF and CRFR1 contents, and positive expressions of CRF and CRFR1 in colon were decreased ( P <0.01) in the EA group；the Bristol stool scores, serum CRF content, and CRF positive expression in colon were significantly decreased in the agonist group ( P <0.01)., Conclusions: Peitu Yimu acupuncture can significantly improve visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety-depression state in IBS-D rats. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of CRF/CRFR1 pathway and restoration of intestinal tight junction protein expressions.

This study aimed to analyze the biological foundation and biomarkers of stable coronary heart disease(CHD) with phlegm and blood stasis(PBS) syndrome based on RNA-seq and network pharmacology. Peripheral blood nucleated cells from five CHD patients with PBS syndrome, five CHD patients with non-PBS syndrome, and five healthy adults were collected for RNA-seq. The specific targets of CHD with PBS syndrome were determined by differential gene expression analysis and Venn diagram analysis. The active ingredients of Danlou Tablets were screened out from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, and the &quot;component-target&quot; prediction was completed through PubChem and SwissTargetPrediction. The &quot;drug-ingredient-target-signaling pathway&quot; network of Danlou Tablets against CHD with PBS syndrome was optimized by Cytoscape software. After the target biomarkers were identified, 90 participants were enrolled for diagnostic tests, and 30 CHD patients with PBS syndrome were included in before-and-after experiment to determine the therapeutic effect of Danlou Tablets on those targets. As revealed by RNA-seq and Venn diagram analysis, 200 specific genes were identified for CHD with PBS syndrome. A total of 1 118 potential therapeutic targets of Danlou Tablets were predicted through network pharmacology. Through integrated analysis of the two gene sets, 13 key targets of Danlou Tablets in the treatment of CHD with PBS syndrome were screened out, including CSF1, AKR1C2, PDGFRB, ARG1, CNR2, ALOX15B, ALDH1A1, CTSL, PLA2G7, LAP3, AKR1C3, IGFBP3, and CA1. They were presumably the biomarkers of CHD with PBS syndrome. The ELISA test further showed that CSF1 was significantly up-regulated in the peripheral blood of CHD patients with PBS syndrome, and was significantly down-regulated after Danlou Tablets intervention. CSF1 may be a biomarker for CHD with PBS syndrome, and it is positively correlated with the severity of the disease. The diagnostic cut-off of CSF1 for CHD with PBS syndrome was 286 pg·mL~(-1).

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on mast cell activation-related substances and intestinal barrier function in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model rats, so as to explore its underlying mechanisms., Methods: Thirty female SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and EA group, with 10 rats in each group. IBS-D model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress combined with senna solution gavage. Rats in the EA group received EA treatment (2 Hz/15 Hz，0.1-1.0 mA) at "Zusanli" (ST36), "Taichong"(LR3) and "Tianshu"(ST25), 20 min per day, for a total of 14 days, with sides alternated daily. Visceral pain threshold was used to evaluate visceral hypersensitivity, diarrhea index was used to evaluate diarrhea degree. After all treatments, the pathological scores of colon were recorded after HE staining, the contents of cholecystokinin (CCK), substance P (SP), tryptase (TPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in colon were detected by ELISA, and the expressions of colonic tight junction protein ZO-1 and occludin were detected by Western blot., Results: Compared with the control group, the visceral pain threshold, the expression levels of colonic ZO-1 and occludin proteins decreased ( P <0.01), while the diarrhea index, the contents of colonic CCK, SP, TPS and ATP were significantly increased ( P <0.01) in the model group. After intervention, in comparison with the model group, the visceral pain thre-shold, the protein expression levels of colonic ZO-1 and occludin protein increased ( P <0.01), while the diarrhea index, the contents of colonic CCK, SP, TPS and ATP were significantly decreased ( P <0.01) in the EA group., Conclusion: EA can significantly alleviate the symptoms of visceral hypersensitivity and diarrhea in IBS-D rats. Its mechanism may be related to down-regulating colonic CCK, SP, TPS and ATP, inhibiting mast cell activation and degranulation, and up-regulating colonic barrier tight junction proteins.

Kaidu River basin is a typical mountain oasis ecosystem in the northwest inland. Its hydrochemical environment information is of great significance to understand the regional hydrological process and optimize the allocation of water resources. Based on the collection of samples of various water bodies in mountainous and oasis areas in different seasons in 2020, this study analyzed the water chemical characteristics and hydraulic links in this region. The results showed that:① the water body in the study area was slightly alkaline as a whole, and the pH and TDS values showed the spatial changes of low in the oasis area and high in the mountain area; HCO 3 - and Ca 2+ were the main anions and cations. The regional hydrochemical type was mostly HCO 3 - -Ca 2+ , and the hydrochemical type of groundwater in the oasis area was more complex than that in the mountainous area. Regional hydrochemical changes were mainly controlled by rock weathering and human disturbance. ② The δ 18 O and δ D values of the river water showed the seasonal changes of dilution in summer and enrichment in spring, whereas groundwater was depleted in winter and spring and enriched in autumn. Precipitation and glacial water did not change significantly within a year. In space, the δ 18 O and δ D values of river water and groundwater showed the law of enrichment in the oasis area and dilution in the mountainous area. ③ The relationship between surface water and groundwater in the study area was close, and the transformation was frequent in summer. The relationship between surface water and groundwater in the oasis area was closer than that in the mountainous area. Groundwater in the oasis area was recharged by groundwater in the previous period, river water, and precipitation, and the recharge rate was usually groundwater in the previous period>river water>precipitation.

Simultaneously reducing the availability of Cd and As is difficult owing to converse chemical behaviors of Cd and As in soil. In this study, amendments that can simultaneously immobilize Cd and As in soil were determined by an pure soil culture experiment in which flooding and wetting were performed for 30 d each. The effects of sepiolite (Sep), modified sepiolite (IMS and Sep-FM), steel slag (SS), and iron modified biochar (Fe-Bio) on soil pH, Eh, Cd, and As concentrations in pore water, and Cd and As fractions in soil were investigated. It showed that Sep (1%, 2.5%), IMS (1%, 2.5%), Sep-FM (1%, 2.5%), and SS (1%, 5%) treatments increased soil pH value and decreased Eh value and Cd concentrations in soil solution. In addition, As concentrations in soil solution treated with high doses of IMS (2.5%) and SS (5%) were lower than that of CK treatment during the whole incubation period. However, Fe-bio treatment decreased soil pH and increased Eh value and only decreased Cd and As concentrations in soil solution under wet conditions. Compared with the control, the application of the above amendments promoted the transformation of Cd fraction from exchangeable to reducible, oxidizable, and residual. High application rates of IMS (2.5%), Sep-FM (2.5%), and SS (5%) also reduced available As fraction (non-specifically sorbed and specifically-sorbed As fraction), and increased amorphous and poorly-crystalline hydrated Fe and Al oxide-bound As. On the contrary, Fe-bio treatment increased the fractions of non-specifically sorbed, specifically sorbed and residual As in soil. In short, IMS, Sep-FM, and SS are potential materials for remediation of Cd and As contaminated soil. They can effectively immobilize soil Cd and As and promote their transformation to the fractions that plants are difficult to uptake.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of Pirt (a regulator of TRPV1) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1, a molecular sensor of noxious heat and capsaicin) in the colonic mucosa in rats suffering from diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying alleviation of visceral hypersensitivity of IBS-D., Methods: Forty SD rats (half male and half female) were randomly assigned to control, model, EA, and medication groups by lottery, with 10 rats in each group. The IBS-D model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and gavage of senna soaking fluid. Rats in the EA group received EA (2 Hz/15 Hz,0.1-1 mA) stimulation of unilateral "Tianshu"(ST25), "Zusanli" (ST36), "Sanyinjiao"(SP6) and "Taichong"(LR3) for 15 min once a day for 14 days, and rats of the medication group received intragastric administration of pinave-rium bromide (10 mL/kg, 2.7 mg/mL) once daily for 14 days. The visceral pain threshold (VPT) was measured by using abdominal wall withdrawal reflex (AWR) test. The diarrhea index （loose stool rate ［total number of loose stool/total number of defecation］ X mean loose degree ［0-4 grades according to the filter paper stain diameter］ in 6 h/d） was used to assess the severity of diarrhea. The expression of Pirt in the DRG and TRPV1 in the colonic mucosa tissue was detected using immunohistochemistry., Results: After modeling, the VPT was obviously reduced ( P <0.01), while the diarrhea index, mean optical density of Pirt and TRPV1 were remarkably increased in the model group relevant to the control group ( P <0.01). After the interventions, the VPT was obviously increased while the diarrhea index, and the mean optical density of Pirt and TRPV1 was noticeably decreased in both EA and the medicine groups in contrast to the model group ( P <0.01). No significant differences were found between the EA and medicine groups in up-regulating VPT and down-regulating the diarrhea index, and Pirt and TRPV1 expression ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: EA can effectively alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats, which may be related to its effect in down-regulating the expression level of DRG Pirt and colonic TRPV1.

In leading the high-quality development of Chinese medicine preparations, it is an important link to formulate the scientific, reasonable, and feasible guidelines for the change of Chinese medicines in accordance with the change characteristics and principles of the Chinese medicines is an important work to promote the Technical guidelines for the study of pharmaceutical changes in traditional Chinese medicines was formed by a broad consensus based on the characteristics and research results of the pharmaceutical changes in Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCM)with the principles of science and risk management. This guideline has clarified the basic principles and requirements for the evaluation of changes in TCM, specified the research and verification work of common change scenarios, defined the boundaries of changes in TCM, and proposed to encourage the use of new technologies, new methods, and new excipients that meet product characteristics. It will definitely promote the quality improvement and the secondary development of TCM. In this article, the revision background and main content of the guideline were introduced, and the main features of the Guideline were analyzed, in order to provide references for the industry.

Purpose: Based on the Cre-Loxp gene knockout system, this study intended to construct tamoxifen-inducible STAT3 conditional knockout mice and verify the knockout efficiency., Methods: The inducible osteoblasts-specific Stat3 knockout mice Stat3Col1ERT2 were obtained by hybridization through C57 mice of Stat3fl/fl and Col1 creERT2. Bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) of these mice were isolated and cultured with or without 4-hydroxytamoxin(4-OTH), to verify the effect of Stat3 knockout in vitro by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting in the level of mRNA and protein. Meanwhile, wild type and Stat3Col1ERT2 mice were both intraperitoneally injected with tamoxifen, the expression of STAT3 in the maxillary alveolar bone was observed by immunofluorescent staining to confirm the knockout effect in vivo. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 24.0 software package., Results: Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting results demonstrated that mRNA(P<0.05) and protein levels of STAT3 were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in BMSCs derived from Stat3Col1ERT2 mice by 4-OHT induced knockout in vitro. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that STAT3 expression was significantly reduced(P<0.05) in osteoblasts of the maxillary alveolar bone in Stat3Col1ERT2 mice., Conclusions: This study successfully constructed the inducible osteoblasts-specific Stat3 gene knockout mice, which helped investigators control the time and space of gene knockout, therefore providing new insights and guidance for research fields of orthodontic tooth movement, distraction osteogenesis and jaw fractures in the future.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on intestinal epithelial mucosal barrier function in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D) rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of IBS-D., Methods: Forty SD rats (half male and half female) were randomly divided into control, model, EA and medication (Pinaverium Bromide, PB) groups, with 10 rats in each group. The IBS-D model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress combined with gavage of Senna-leaf solution. EA (2 Hz/15 Hz，0.1-1 mA) was applied to unilateral "Zusanli"(ST36),"Tianshu" (ST25), "Sanyinjiao"(SP6) and "Taichong"(LR3) alternatively for 15 min, once daily for 14 days. Rats of the medication group was treated by gavage of PB (10 mL·kg -1 ·d -1 ) for 14 days. The visceral sensitivity (pain) was assessed by using the pressure threshold which the inserted rectal balloon catheter air-inflation (connected to a blood pressure gauge) induced stronger abdominal muscular contraction to force the rat's abdomen to lift the experimental stand surface. The diarrhea index was used to evaluate loose stool grade. The expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin (intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins) of colon tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The activity of plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) was assayed by using spectrophotometry., Results: Compared with the control group, the diarrhea index and plasma DAO activity in the model group were significantly increased ( P <0.01), while the visceral pain threshold, expression of Claudin-1 and Occludin in the model group were significantly decreased ( P <0.01). After the treatment, the diarrhea index and plasma DAO activity were significantly lower in both EA and medication groups than that in the model group ( P <0.01), and the visceral pain threshold and expression levels of Claudin-1 and Occludin were obviously increased ( P <0.05, P <0.01). No significant differences were found between the EA and medication groups in all the above-mentioned indexes ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture can significantly improve abdominal pain and diarrhea in IBS-D model rats, which may be closely associated with its effects in up-regulating the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins Claudin-1 and Occludin to restore the function of intestinal epithelial mucosal barrier.

The allelopathic effects of Myriophyllum elatinoides on algal growth were investigated and potential allelochemicals secreted by Myriophyllum elatinoides were analyzed. Myriophyllum elatinoides were co-cultivated with different initial concentrations (10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 8 , and 10 9 ind.·L -1 ) of Microcystis aeruginosa and Selenastrum capricornutum . The optical density of each group was measured daily. The results showed that 2.5 g·(200 mL) -1 of Myriophyllum elatinoides has significant inhibition effect on Microcystis aeruginosa growth with initial concentrations of 10 7 ind.·L -1 and 10 8 ind.·L -1 . However, there was no significant inhibition on the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum . Through solvent extraction and GC-MS analysis, hexadecanoic acid was extracted and determined as an allelochemical in Myriophyllum elatinoides . Additionally, three potentially novel allelochemical compounds secreted by Myriophyllum elatinoides were determined as follows:3-ethyl-3-methylheptane, triethyl phosphate and dibutyl phthalate.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Luteolin on proliferation and cell death of human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI-8226 and its mechanisms., Methods: The effect of Luteolin on the growth of human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI-8226 was detected by CCK-8, and then the minimal effective concentration was determined and was used to treat RPMI-8226 cells. The effects of luteolin and chloroquine on expression of cleaved-caspase 3 and LC3 in RPMI8826 cells was detected by Western blot., Results: The luteolin significant inhibited RPMI-8226 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with lutedin 40-80µmol/L for 24 hours and luteolin 20-80µmol/L for 48 hours inhibited RPMI-8226 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (24 h, r= -0.983; 48 h, r= -0.985). After treatment with lutelin 20µmol/L for 48 h, the expression of cleaved caspase3 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ in RPMI 8826 cells significantly increased; after treatment with chloroquine at the same time, the expression of cleaved-caspase 3 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ significantly decreased., Conclusion: Luteolin inhibits the proliferation of RPMI-8226 cells by inducing the pathways of both apoptosis and autophagy, moreover the actions of apoptosis and autophagy are interactive or/and promotive each other.

Objective: To express and purify the mouse endothelial cell-targeted recombinant Notch ligand protein mD1R, and to investigate its effect on hematopoiesis after carbon tetrachloride damage., Methods: PCR was performed to clone and construct the expression vector pET22b(+)-mD1R. The mD1R successfully transformed into E. coli was induced by IPTG, and purified with Ni 2+ -beads affinity chromatography. The target protein was detected by SDS-PAGE. The fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis (FACS), cell adhesion test, immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR were employed to detect the endothelial cell-targeted and Notch signaling-activated biological characteristics of mD1R. The carbon tetrachloride mouse model was established to observe the effects of mD1R on the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), myeloid cells and lymphoid cells by flow cytometry. The Lin - Scal-1 + c-Kit + cells were sorted by magnetic bead, FACS was performed to analyze the cell cycle, and RT-PCR was employed to observe the expression of interleukin (IL)-10., Results: The prokaryotic expression vector was successfully cloned and constructed. The purity and the activity were confirmed in mD1R recombinant protein. The purified mD1R activated the Notch signaling pathway of hematopoietic stem cells in carbon tetrachloride damaged mouse, and internally elevated the number of HSC and long-term HSC to 2.96-fold and 6.18-fold. In addition, mD1R improved the amplification of the myeloid progenitor cells and the myeloid-derived suppressor cells, particularly the granulocyte/monocyte into blood. Mechanistically, the further analyses suggested that Notch pathway could increase the proliferation of HSC and enhance expression of IL-10 after stress injury., Conclusions: A new and activated recombinant Notch ligand protein has been obtained successfully to communicate hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic microenvironment. The Notch- mediated intrinsic hematopoiesis has been regulated by the anti-inflammatory factor after stress injury.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 0.9-ms 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser alone or combined with itraconazole for treatment of toenail onychomycosis., Methods: A total of 37 patients with onychomycosis (178 toenails) were randomly assigned to groups A and B, and each group was further divided into different subgroups according to the Scoring Clinical Index of Onychomycosis (SCIO) and Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI) scoring. All the patients were treated with 0.9-ms Nd:YAG laser once a week for 8 times. The patients in group A were treated with laser alone, and those in group B were treated with laser combined with itraconazole. The clinical effect, clinical scores, appearance of the toenails and adverse reactions in the two groups were analyzed, and the patients' satisfaction rate was also investigated., Results: At the 12th months of follow-up, the clinical response rate and mycological cure rate in group A were 31.33% and 30.00%, respectively, similar to the rates in group B (35.79% and 41.18%, respectively) (P>0.05). After the treatments, the SCIO and OSI scores showed no significant changes in group A (P>0.05) but both increased significantly in group B (P<0.05). The response rates did not differ significantly among the subgroups with SCIO<12 or with OSI<16 (P>0.05), but showed significant differences among the subgroups with SCIO≥12 or with OSI≥16 (P<0.05). Of the total of 178 toenails, 33.71%, 74.72% and 70.79% toenails showed improvements in terms of clear nail growth, shape and color, respectively. The overall patients' satisfaction rate was 62.16%, and no adverse reactions related with the therapy were recorded in these patients., Conclusion: For treatment of toenail onychomycosis, 0.9-ms 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser can effectively improve the aesthetic appearance of the toenails, and a combined treatment with Nd:YAG laser and itraconazole can be better option in severe cases of onychomycosis.

Objective: To construct a genetically engineered Escherichia coli expressing chromate (Cr) ion transporter ChrA and test its Cr resistance capacity., Methods: ChrA gene was cloned by PCR from the DNA template of Serratia sp. S2 and linked with the prokaryotic vector pET-28a (+). The recombinant vector was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) cells for expression of ChrA protein. Cr (VI) risistance and Cr (VI) uptake and efflux of the engineered bacteria were tested, and the effects of Cr loading time, oxyanions (ulfate, molybdate, vanadate, tungstate), and respiratory inhibitors (valinomycin, CN - , oligomycin, and NADH) on Cr (VI) efflux were examined to analyze the pathway of Cr (VI) transport by ChrA protein., Results: The engineered E. coil strain was successfully constructed. Experiments using cell suspensions showed a lowered Cr 2 O 7 2- uptake but an increased efflux capacity of ChrA-engineered bacteria compared with the control strain (P<0.05). The engineered E. coil cells in exponential growth incubated for 30 min in the presence of 50 mg/L Cr 2 O 7 2- showed a total displacement of Cr (VI) of 20% after resuspension in PBS at 10 min, but chromate efflux decreased subsequently as the incubation time extended. Oxyanions sulfate and molybdate significantly inhibited chromate efflux in the engineered bacteria (P<0.05), whereas tungstate and vanadate did not obviously affect chromate efflux; chromate efflux was significantly inhibited by K+ ionophore valinomycin and CN - , enhanced by NADH (P<0.05), but not affected by oligomycin, suggesting the role of chromate transporter ChrA as a chemiosmotic pump that extrudes chromate using the proton-motive force., Conclusion: ChrA can efficiently transport chromate ions from the cytoplasm to enhance chromate resistance of the genetically engineered E. coli.

Purpose: To study the changes of expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM)., Methods: Twenty six-week-old SD rats were selected, the upper left first molars were moved by coil spring and lasted for 7 days. The maxillary tissues were obtained at 0, 1, 3, 7 d and subjected to histological study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 software package., Results: The main changes in alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement included significant increase in osteoblast number and bone formation in the tension area, and bone resorption in the pressure area. The positive cells of osteocalcin in the tension area increased during OTM. The expression of STAT3 increased in the tension area at 3 d and 7 d in comparison with that at 0 d., Conclusions: Orthodontic force can stimulate alveolar bone remolding. The expression of STAT3 in the tension area may have effects on alveolar bone remolding during orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long pulse 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy in the treatment of onychomycosis of the toenails., Methods: A total of 104 patients with onychomycosis (461 toenails) were divided by age into ≥60 years group and <60 years group, and each group was further divided into subgroups according to Scoring Clinical Index of Onychomycosis (SCIO) scoring and the location of the compromised toenails. All the toenails were treated with 10 to12 sessions of long pulse 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy at the interval of 1 week. All the patients were followed up for 48 weeks after the initial treatment to assess the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions., Results: The overall clinical response rate in these patients was 72.5% by the end of the 48-week follow-up. In patients aged <60 years, the clinical response rate and mycological cure rate were significantly higher than the rates in patients aged ≥60 years (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the response rates between different SCIO subgroups (P>0.05); the 2nd to 4th toenails showed better outcomes after the therapy than the 1st and 5th toenails (P<0.05). No adverse reactions related with the therapy were recorded in these patients., Conclusion: Long pulse 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser is an effective and safe approach for treatment of onychomycosis of the toenails.

A new isocoumarin, chamerilactone A(1) was isolated from the ethanol extract of Chamerion angustifolium with normal phase silica column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, MCI CHP-20 and semi- preparative HPLC methods. Its structure and stereochemistry were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR and optical rotation techniques.

Objective: To analyze the rules for acupoint selection of acupuncture and moxibustion in domestic clinical treatment of perimenopausal syndrome based on data mining technology in modern times., Methods: The relevant literature were retrieved from Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database on this disease treated with clinical acupuncture and moxibustion in China from 1978 to 2013. The database of acupuncture-moxibustion prescription was set up. The relevant regulations of data mining technology were used to analyze the rules for acupoint selection., Results: Totally, 211 papers, 254 acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions and 130 acupoints were included. The total frequency of acupoints application was 2193 times, with 14 meridians involved. The utilization of the acupoints in the lower limbs and on the back were 33.0% (723/2193) and 23.8% (521/2193) and those of yin and yang meridians were 51.8% (1136/2193) and 44.0% (965/2193), respectively. The utilization of the specific acupoints accounted for 88.7% (1946/2193)., Conclusion: In clinical treatment of perimenopausal syndrome with acupuncture and moxibustion in modern times, the acupoint selection from involved meridians is the basis, associated with multiple methods of acupoint combination; yin and yang meridians are equally important and the specific acupoints are considered particularly critical in application.

A new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan, renchangianin E (1) was isolated from the stems of Kadsura renchangiana. Its structure and stereochemistry were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR techniques.

The data in literature of acupuncture and moxibustion on treatment of diarrhea from pre-Qin period to Qing dynasty was collected to establish prescription database and characteristics and rules of ancient acupuncture and moxibustion for diarrhea were analyzed with data mining technology. Totally 235 papers were collected and 76 acupoints were involved with 439 times of selection. The number and times of special acupoints were 72.37% (55/76) and 76.99% (338/439), respectively, which was more seen in front-mu acupoint and back-shu acupoint. The acupoints were distributed among 11 meridians. Moxibustion was applied in 53 papers while combination of acupuncture and moxibustion was used in 1 literature. As a result, acupuncture and moxibustion for diarrhea in ancient pay much attention on acupoint in back and abdomen, in which Tianshu (ST 25), Shen-que (CV 8), Guanyuan (CV 4) and Dachangshu (BL 25) were the most frequently used. The compatibility of front-mu acupoint and back-shu acupoint was very common. Selection of special acupoint was dominant. Besides crossing points that has the most intersection of meridian qi in the back and abdomen, acupoints below the elbow and knee joints, such as five-shu points, source point, luo-connecting point, eight confluence point and lower he-sea point were also taken into account. As for compatibility of special acupoints, the supportive degree between back-shu acupoint and confluence points or front-mu acupoint was the highest; the selections of meridians mainly were Bladder Meridian, Conception Vessel and Spleen Meridian; and application of moxibustion was highly valued. In conclusion, it is feasible to apply data mining technology to the clinical literature research of ancient acupuncture and moxibustion, which can provide evidence for summary of the traditional classical theory.

ABSTRACT Clinical application of standards for reporting interventions in clinical trials of acupuncture (STRICTA) is introduced in this article, and improving opinions are proposed as well. STRICTA has already been extensively applied in designation of acupuncture clinical trials, composition of articles and quality assessment of acupuncture literature. According to the present version of STRICTA, it is suggested that items such as "standards and methods on acupoint selection and location", "angle and direction of needle insertion" and "whether the subjects ever have been acupunctured" should be further perfected. Individuated treat protocols which is highlighted on treatment according to differentiation of syndromes according to different opportunities and stages of diseases should be promoted so as to give better expression to the characteristics of Chinese medicine and enhance the clinical value of the relative literature.