Search

Pancreatic cancer remains as one of the most lethal malignancies. Resistance to conventional therapies has led to little improvement in the survival of pancreatic cancer patients over the past few decades. Immune-based treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer, such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, and combination immunotherapies show promise. Many immunotherapies have been explored in clinical trials, but they have yet to show significant therapeutic effects. Nevertheless, immunotherapy is inevitably the future of pancreatic cancer cure. This article introduces the current research progress and bottlenecks of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer and puts forward further optimization directions and solutions. We hope to provide a reference for the future use of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer.

Objective To explore the value of preoperative LAR combined with AFP in evaluating the prognosis of patients with HCC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 106 patients with HCC. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve. Univariate analysis was used to analyze possible variables affecting LAR. Cox risk regression model was used to evaluate the clinical value of preoperative LAR and AFP on the prognosis of HCC patients. Results The DFS and OS of the high LAR group and the high AFP group were shorter than those of the low LAR group and the low AFP group (P < 0.05). LAR≥4.58, AFP≥400μg/L and T3-T4 were independent risk factors affecting DFS and OS of HCC patients (P < 0.05). Postoperative interventional surgery was an independent factor influencing OS prolongation (P < 0.05). The DFS and OS were the shortest in the high LAR and high AFP group, and the DFS and OS were the longest in the low LAR and low AFP group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Preoperative LAR and AFP are independent poor prognostic factors of HCC. Preoperative LAR combined with AFP has a certain value in judging the prognosis of HCC patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of LncRNA LINC00857 in pancreatic cells and the effect of lncRNA LINC00857 down-regulation on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells and possible mechanism. Methods The lentiviral vector GV112 was constructed and infected PANC-1 cells to obtain experimental group, while the blank plasmid was transfected as a negative control group and the cells without intervention were taken as normal control group. CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, scratch test, flow cytometry, Western blot were used to detect the effect of LINC00857 down-regulation on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle and EMT-related proteins. Results LINC00857 expression in pancreatic cancer cells were significantly higher than that in normal pancreatic epithelial cells (P < 0.001). Knockdown of LINC00857 could significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of PANC-1 cells (P < 0.0001); compared with the negative control group, the apoptosis rates of cells in the experimental groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the number of cells in G0/G1 phase increased (P < 0.01), the number of cells in S phase decreased (P < 0.05), and the cells were blocked in the G1 phase, E-cadherin expression was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) and N-cadherin and Vimentin expression were significantly down-regulated (N-cadherin: P < 0.01, Vimentin: P < 0.05). Conclusion LINC00857 can promote proliferation and migration of PANC-1 cells and inhibit its apoptosis by regulating G1/S phase transition and EMT signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the expression of MYEOV in human pancreatic cancer cells and its effect on the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells after knockdown. Methods The lentiviral vector GV248 was constructed and infected SW1990 cells to obtain two experimental groups (SW1990-sh1 and SW1990-sh2), while the blank plasmid was transfected as a negative control group and the untreated cells were taken as blank control group. MYEOV mRNA and protein expression were detected by qPCR and Western blot before and after transfection. The cells proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay; the cell migration ability was analyzed by scratch test; The mRNA expression of SMADs in the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway was detected by qPCR. Results Compared with the pancreatic ductal epithelium cell line HPDE6, the mRNA expression of MYEOV in six pancreatic cancer cells were significantly increased (P < 0.01). However, low expression of MYEOV protein was detected only in PANC-1 and SW1990 cells. The mRNA and protein expression of MYEOV in the experimental groups were significantly downregulated. The proliferation and migration of SW1990 cells were lower than the control group (P < 0.001). MYEOV knockdown could reduce the mRNA expression of SMAD1, SMAD4, SMAD5 and SMAD9 in TGF-β pathway, while the expression of SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD7 mRNA were only down-regulated in the SW1990-sh2 group (P < 0.001). Conclusion MYEOV mRNA is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells. MYEOV could promote the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells via TGF-β/SMAD pathway.

Objective: To investigate the expression, function and clinical significance of maternal leucine zipper kinase (MELK) in pancreatic cancer. Methods: The expression of MELK in pancreatic cancer was analyzed and the possible molecular mechanism of MELK in pancreatic cancer was predicted by bioinformatics. The clinical data of 45 patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgical treatment in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to explore the MELK expression levels in pancreatic cancer tissues and normal para-cancerous tissues, and its relationship with clinical pathological characteristics was also analyzed. The postoperative recurrence time of patients was collected through outpatient records and telephone follow-up to explore the relationship between MELK expression and postoperative recurrence time. Results: MELK mRNA was highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and correlated with the overall survival rate and postoperative recurrence time. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the MELK gene could be used as an independent prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic cancer. Functional enrichment suggests that MELK is involved in multiple cancer-related functional pathways and is positively correlated with the pathogenic molecules of pancreatic cancer. Immunohistochemistry results showed that MELK in pancreatic cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. The expression of MELK in pancreatic cancer tissues was correlated with tumor size. Conclusion: The MELK gene is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and is associated with patients' prognosis. MELK plays a role in the progression of pancreatic cancer and is expected to become a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the clinical efficacy of sequentially used duodenal endoscope electronic choled ochoscope and laparo-scope in the treatment of choledocholithiasis with gallbladder stones. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 834 patients with choledocholithiasis and gallbladder stones who received treatment with sequentially used duodenoscope, laparoscope, and electronic choledo-choscope in our hospital from June 1999 to June 2010. Results The 834 cases received treatment with two endoscopes, and 793 (95. 08% ) had the stones successfully removed. The other 41 cases received secondary treatment with three endoscopes, and 39 (95. 12% ) of them had the stones successfully removed. The two failed cases had severe adhesion at the porta hepatis and lesser omental foramen, which made bile duct exploration impossible, and were then treated by laparotomy. Complications were seen in 28 of the 834 cases. Conclusions Treatment with sequentially used endoscopes is feasible and safe and causes few complications in patients with choledocholithiasis and gallbladder stones, and it holds promise for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]