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BACKGROUND The development of urban industrialization causes soil heavy metal pollution and other environmental problems. Studies have shown that the damage caused by soil heavy metals to the ecological environment is not only related to the total content, but also depends on the speciation of heavy metals. OBJECTIVES To investigate the content characteristics, speciation and risk status of heavy metals in soil of a city in the Hetao Plain. METHODS 52 soil samples were collected from different functional areas of the Hetao Plain, heavy metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) and other analytical methods to study the total content and speciation. The ecological risk of soil heavy metals was evaluated using the RAC risk assessment method. RESULTS The results showed that the contents of heavy metal elements (except As) in surface soil were higher than the background values in the Hetao Plain, the variation coefficients of Pb, Cr, Mn, Cd and Zn were large and the spatial distribution was not uniform, which were significantly affected by human activities. The heavy metal content in the industrial area exceeded the background value, especially Cd (5.83 times of background value) and Pb (3.58 times of background value). Road heavy metal contents were also significantly higher than the background value, Cd was nearly 4 times the background value. Except for Cd in industrial areas, other heavy metals were mainly in residual fraction. The residual fractions of Cr, Ni, Cu and As were more than 70%. The residual fraction of Cd in each functional region accounted for about 30%. RAC risk assessment results showed that Cd and Pb in industrial areas reached the high-risk level. CONCLUSIONS The research results provide scientific basis for identifying the potential environmental risks in urban area soil and proposing effective prevention.

BACKGROUND The exploitation of minerals releases heavy metals into the surrounding soil, which can cause health hazards when biological entities are exposed to contaminated soil. Iron ore is one of the most widely distributed minerals in China, but there are few studies on the health risk of soil heavy metals in iron mines, especially in arid areas. The ecosystem of the arid area is fragile and difficult to repair once it has been polluted. OBJECTIVES To perform environmental health risk assessment for topsoil surrounding iron deposits from Guyang County, Baotou City. METHODS 101 topsoil samples were collected from an iron mine in Guyang County, Baotou City. Heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry/optical emission spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, to study element characteristics. The health risk assessment method was used to evaluate and calculate the screening value. RESULTS The results showed that the variation coefficients of copper, chromium, and nickel in the study area were higher than 0.5, and the average contents of these elements were significantly higher than that in the Hetao Plain. The high value areas of copper were mainly distributed around tailings ponds and concentrators, while the high value areas of chromium or nickel were mainly distributed in bedrock mountains. The assessment of health hazards showed that the hazard quotient of all elements was less than 1, and the order was As>Cr>Ni>Cu>Cd>Zn>Hg. The average of total hazard quotient was 0.542. There was a sample in the bedrock mountain south of the iron mine, which had a total hazard quotient exceeding 1, and the contribution rates of chromium, nickel and arsenicwere 59%, 25%, and 15%, respectively. The carcinogenic hazard index of all elements was below 10-4. Soil screening levels of chromium, nickel and arsenic in the study area were 579mg/kg, 622mg/kg and 32.8mg/kg base on human health. CONCLUSIONS Chromium and nickel in the study soil are mainly affected by parent materials of soil formation, while copper is mainly affected by mineral processing activities. In general, the health hazard of heavy metals in soil is relatively low, and is greatly influenced by the parent materials of soil formation. However, it is still necessary to pay attention to the accumulation of polluted elements in the areas around tailings ponds, and to avoid oral intake of pollutants. And it is also necessary to further study the feature of soil heavy metals from different kinds of iron mines and different regions that have not been studied before, because the associated elements of iron ore in different regions or types are not the same.

In the traditional food safety traceability systems, there are many problems such as lack of shared data, centralization and islanding of information storage. Since blockchain systems have the characteristics of decentralization, tamper-resistance, and trustworthiness, this paper proposes a food traceability system based on Hyperledger Fabric blockchain.Then Hyperledger Fabric was described in detail. The technical principles and characteristics of Hyperledger Fabric blockchain technology was clarified. Comprehensive practical use of food safety traceability system and detailed design of food traceability system based on Hyperledger Fabric blockchain were expounded. Finally, the food traceability system based on the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain was set up，and the related functional test and performance test of the system verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the plan properly.

The planar integration design of the antenna system for soldier terminals is presented in this paper based on the requirements of the miniaturization and high integration. A four-antenna system including recieving and transmitting Ad-Hoc network antennas, satellite navigation and communication antennas is proposed to solve the 3D packaging and low-integration problems. The conventional 3D Ad-Hoc network antennas and circular polarized helix antennas are replaced by planar printed monopoles and horizontal dipoles with linear polarization, respectively. Simulated and Measured results show that the planar four-antenna system realizes onmidirectional radiation in horizontal plane in Ad-Hoc network frequency band and upper space coverage in satellite navigation and communication band. This antenna system can be applied in soldier terminals to improve its integration.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between single nucleotides polymorphism of catalase(CAT) gene and susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL) in occupational noise exposed population., Methods: A case-control study of 1∶1 was conducted to select 286 workers with binaural high frequency average hearing threshold ≥40 dB(HL), from 2006 to 2015 in a cohort study of occupational noise exposure workers in Henan Province. According to the type of work, the age difference was not more than 5 years and the length of exposure to noise was not more than 2 years. The polymorphism of 8 single nucleotides in CAT gene was detected by medium SNPscanTM, and the relationship between 8 single nucleotides polymorphism of CAT gene and NIHL susceptibility was analyzed by multivariate conditional logistic regression., Results: Under the dominant model of rs208679 locus of CAT gene [(GA GG)/AA], the risk of NIHL in individuals carrying GA or GG genotype was 1. 431 times higher than that in individuals carrying AA genotype(95%CI 1. 020-2. 009), and P=0. 038., Conclusion: G, a mutant at rs208679 site of CAT gene, may be one of the risk factors for NIHL susceptibility.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between metabolic glutamate receptor 7 gene( GRM7) polymorphisms and the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss( NIHL) in Chinese Han occupational population., Methods: Using a nested case-control study with a 1 ∶ 1 matching, a total of 277 cases of contacting noise workers were selected from a cohort in a steel factory. According to the matching criteria: the same sex, the same type of work, the age difference ≤ 5 years, contact noise length ≤ 2 years, 277 controls were selected. The 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms( SNPs) of the GRM7 gene, rs3749380, rs11928865, rs9877154, rs3828472, rs9819783, rs11920109, rs1485175 and rs9826579, were detected by SNPscanTMmethod. The 4 gene models, the additive model, dominant model, recessive model, codominant model, were constructed to explore the biological association with NIHL susceptibility. The possible diplotype of each subject was constructed using Phase 2. 0. 2 to analyze its relationship with NIHL. According to the layered cumulative noise exposure( CNE), the interactions between the influencing factor were analyzed. The relationship between the GRM7 gene and NIHL was analyzed by single factor and multivariate factors conditional logistic regression analysis., Results: The comparison of general demographic characteristics between the hearing loss group and control group showed that smoking could increase the risk of developing NIHL by 2. 051 times( 95 % CI 1. 456-2. 891, P< 0. 001). No statistically significant difference was found in the analysis of GRM7 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to NIHL., Conclusion: Smoking may increase the risk of NIHL. The relationship between GRM7 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to NIHL has not been found in this study.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between work in shifts and occupational stress., Methods: A total of 5338 employees from 13 companies were investigated by cluster sampling, and occupational stress measuring tools, job content questionnaire, and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire were used to investigate occupational stress factors, stress reaction, and the condition of work in shifts., Results: The employees who worked in shifts accounted for 46.6%. The condition of work in shifts varied significantly across different companies, employees with different individual features (including sex, job title, degree of education, age, working years, smoking, and drinking), and employees with different weekly working times(P<0.01 or P<0.05); health status was associated with work in shifts(P<0.01); compared with the employees who did not work in shifts, those who worked in shifts had significantly lower scores of technology utilization, work control level, psychological need, reward, social support, and job satisfaction(P<0.01 or P<0.05), as well as significantly higher scores of physical demands, effort, depressive symptoms, and negative affectivity(P<0.01)., Conclusion: Work in shifts can affect health status, and is associated with occupational stress.

Objective: To explore the influence of occupational stress and related factors on depression symptoms in train drives., Methods: In March 2012, by using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in 1 402 train drivers in China. Questionnaires was investigation was conducted by face to face interview. Sample with missing variables on demographic characteristics questionnaire with missed survey variables, and occupational stress related factors and with over 3 item missing in depression symptoms self-rating scale were exclued. Depression symptoms were measured by Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale. The occupational stress related actors were measured by the revised effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model questionnaires and occupational stress measurement scale. Chi-square test was carried out to analyze the differences of the incidence of depressive symptoms among different general characteristics groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influence of occupational stress and related factors on depression symptoms in train drivers., Results: The study showed that the average age of 1 402 subjects was (34.95±9.20) years, the length of service were (13.28±9.78) years, the score of depressive symptoms was (24.14±5.98) scores. 902 subjects (64.3%,902/1 402) were classified as people with depressive symptoms, the incidence of depressive symptoms in EMU or high-speed train drivers were the highest (68.0%,51/75); Incidence of depressive symptoms showed that were statistically significant differences in two groups of technical secondary school and college, and incidence of depressive symptoms in the junior college and above group (68.1%,352/517) was higher than that in the senior high school and below group (62.1%, 550/885) (χ(2)=5.02, P=0.025). The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high levels of education (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.12-2.19), role conflict (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.21-2.24), role ambiguity (OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.45-2.73), negative emotion(OR=2.87, 95%CI: 2.15-3.82), daily tension(OR=2.86, 95%CI: 2.11-3.86), poor colleagues and family support (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.11-2.16 and OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.27-2.41) were risk factors of depressive symptoms, but positive emotion (OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.53-0.96), self-esteem (OR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.16-0.30), and job itself satisfaction (OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.35-0.65) were protective factors of depressive symptoms in train drivers., Conclusion: Train drivers, in particular EMU or high-speed train drivers who were prone to depressive symptoms. To arrange reasonably job roles and tasks, increase support from superiors, colleagues, and family, bring up healthy and coordinated personality, keep a good mood, promote job satisfaction, reduce the daily tension have positive effects on reducing the occurrence of depressive symptoms for train drivers.

Objective: To explore the relationship of occupational stressors with the serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)., Methods: Using convenience sampling and cluster sampling methods, 225 policemen from a local police station in China were enrolled as subjects. Questionnaires were used to investigate demographic features and occupational stressors in those subjects. The serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH were measured by radioimmunoassay. The SPSS 13.0 software was used to perform t test or analysis of variance, partial correlation analysis, and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis., Results: Reward was positively correlated with the level of T3(P<0.05). Daily tension was positively correlated with the level of T4(P<0.05). Psychological demand, effort, and daily tension were negatively correlated with the level of TSH (all P<0.05). The quality of sleep was positively correlated with the level of TSH (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of increase in T3 level in the group with a high score for daily tension was 3.19-fold higher than that in the group with a low score, while the risk of increase in T3 level in the group with a high score for negative emotion was 1.32-fold higher than that in the group with a low score. The risk of increase in TSH level in the group with a high score for negative emotion was 0.43-fold that in the group with a low score., Conclusion: The occupational stressors are correlated with the serum levels of thyroid hormones. Occupational stress can result in an increase in T3 level and a decrease in TSH level. However, occupational stress has no effect on T4 level.

Objective: To explore the influence of occupational stress related factors on depression symptoms among 244 policemen in a city in China., Methods: In May 2011, 287 policemen from a city public security bureau were recruited to this survey by cluster sampling method. We deleted questionnaires which include missing variables on demographic characteristics and factors associated with occupational stress questionnaires which include over 3 missing items. 244 policemen were included in this study. Depression symptoms and occupational stressors were measured using Chinese version of depression self-reported questionnaire, job content questionnaire, Chinese version of effort-reward imbalances questionnaire, job hazard scale and occupational stress inventory. Depression symptom scores and the relationship between the variables and occupational stress were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis., Results: The Median (P25-P75) of depression symptom scores of all respondents was 16.50 (11.00-25.00). 144 were policemen with no depression symptoms and 100 were with depression symptoms. The median (P25-P75) of depression symptoms scores among policemen with length of serves <10, 10-19, 20-29 and ≥30 was 17.00 (8.00-26.00), 16.00 (11.00-24.50), 19.00 (12.00-27.00), and 12.00 (6.25-15.00), respectively. The difference of scores was significant among length of serves groups (χ2=9.52, P=0.023). The scores of psychological demands, sleep disorder, daily life stress and negative affectivity among policemen with depression symptoms were 17.00 (8.00-26.00), 16.00 (11.00-24.50), 19.00 (12.00-27.00), and 12.00 (6.25-15.00), respectively, which were higher than those with no depression symptoms (24.00 (22.00-25.00), 8.00 (5.00-13.00), 8.00 (6.00-10.00), 1.00 (0-2.75)), and the differences were significant (Z=3.82, 5.39, 5.15, 6.41, P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that depression symptoms score was positively related to sleep disorder, commitment effort, psychological demands, daily life stress, negative affectivity and job hazards scores. Correlations coefficient were 0.44, 0.28, 0.28, 0.33, 0.38, 0.44, and 0.38, respectively (P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that self-esteem, daily life stress and negative affectivity had bigger contribution on the depression symptoms scores. The standard regression coefficient was -0.46, 0.19 and 0.13, respectively (P<0.001, P=0.001, P=0.030)., Conclusion: Sleep disorder, commitment effort, psychological demands, daily life stress, negative affectivity and job hazards scores were the inducement of depression symptoms for policemen. To reduce the daily life stress, negative affectivity and improve the quality of sleep, add to self-esteem, reward and social support have positive effects on reducing the occurrence of depressive symptoms for police.

Objective: To explore depressive symptoms and influencing factors in employees from 13 enterprises., Methods: A total of 6711 workers from 13 enterprises were investigated by cluster sampling, and data were collected anonymously between November 2008 and June 2009. Job satisfaction, occupational stressors, strains, coping strategy, and social support were measured using occupational stress instruments, job content questionnaire, and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire., Results: Median and P25~P75 values of depression score were 14 and 9~21, respectively. The depression score of male workers (16.31 ± 10.12) was significantly higher than that of female workers(14.50 ± 9.08) (Z=4.09, P<0.01). The depression score of managers was lowest (12.89 ± 8.70), and the front-line workers scored highest (16.02 ± 9.94), with a significant difference between the two groups (χ² =9.90, P<0.01). The depression score of shift workers (16.79 ± 9.974) was significantly higher than that of non-shift workers (14.81 ± 9.63) (Z=53.43, P<0.01). The depression scores of workers with weekly job times of ≤ 40 h, ~50 h, ~59 h, and ≥ 60 h were (14.70 ± 9.94), (15.76 ± 9.84), (15.46 ± 9.91), and (19.70 ± 10.67), respectively (χ² = 31.79, P <0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that depression score was negatively correlated with the scores of job control (r=-0.236, P <0.01), reward (r=-0.443, P<0.01), job satisfaction (r=-0.418, P<0.01), positive affectivity (r=-0.307, P <0.01), superior support (r=-0.287, P<0.01), colleague support (r=-0.235, P<0.01), and coping strategy (r=-0.208, P<0.01), but positively correlated with the scores of external effort (r=0.225, P<0.01), inherent effort (r=0.248, P<0.01), psychological demands (r = 0.246, P <0.01), physical demands (r=0.246, P<0.01), and negative affectivity (r=0.525, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of depressive symptoms in workers with high negative affectivity was about four times as high as that in workers with low negative affectivity. The risks of depressive symptoms in workers with low reward, having disease in the past six months, and with high inherent effort were 1.62, 1.50, and 1.48 times, respectively, as high as those for their counterparts., Conclusion: Occupational stress, individual factors, health status, and shift work affect the depressive symptoms of workers. Reducing negative affectivity and increasing rewards are main measures to relieve depressive symptoms.

Objective: To analyze the status of occupational stress in different types of train drivers., Methods: By using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 339 train drivers (including 289 passenger train drivers, 637 freight trains drivers, 339 passenger shunting train drivers, and 74 high speed rail drivers) from a Railway Bureau depot. The survey included individual factors, occupational stress factors, stress response factors and stress mitigating factors. The occupational stress factors, stress response factors and mitigating factors were measured by the revised effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model questionnaires and occupational stress measurement scale. By using the method of covariance analysized the difference of occupational stress factors of all types train drivers, the method of Stepwise regression was used to analyze the effection (R(2)) of occupational stress factors and stress mitigating factors on stress response factors., Results: Covariance analysis as covariates in age, education level, length of service and marital status showed that the scores of ERI (1.58 ± 0.05), extrinsic effort (19.88 ± 0.44), rewards (23.43 ± 0.43), intrinsic effort (17.86 ± 0.36), physical environment (5.70 ± 0.22), social support (30.51 ± 0.88) and daily tension (10.27 ± 0.38 ) of high speed rail drivers were higher than other drivers (F values were 6.06, 11.32, 7.05, 13.25, 5.20, 9.48 and 6.14 respectively, P < 0.01), but the scores of emotional balance (4.15 ± 0.31) and positive emotion (2.06 ± 0.20) were lower than other drives (P < 0.01);the scores of psychological needs (10.48 ± 0.18), emotional balance (4.88 ± 0.16) and positive emotion (2.63 ± 0.10) of passenger train drivers were higher than other drivers (F values were 4.33 and 5.50 respectively, P < 0.01). The descending rank of the effect value on occupational stress factors and mitigating factors to depressive symptoms of train drivers was high speed rail drivers (R(2) = 0.64), passenger train drivers (R(2) = 0.44), passenger shunting train drivers (R(2) = 0.39), freight trains drivers (R(2) = 0.38); job satisfaction of train drivers was high speed rail drivers (R(2) = 0.68), passenger train drivers (R(2) = 0.62), freight trains drivers (R(2) = 0.43), passenger shunting train drivers(R(2) = 0.38); to daily tension of train drivers was high speed rail drivers (R(2) = 0.54), passenger train drivers (R(2) = 0.37), passenger shunting train drivers (R(2) = 0.33), freight trains drivers (R(2) = 0.30); emotional balance of train drivers was high speed rail drivers (R(2) = 0.47), passenger train drivers (R(2) = 0.43), passenger shunting train drivers (R(2) = 0.33), freight trains drivers(R(2) = 0.31)., Conclusion: ERI, psychological needs, work responsibilities, job roles, work conflict, and physical environment were important occupational stress factors of train drivers; social support was pivotal mitigating factors; different train drivers had different occupational stress status, high speed rail drivers were the highest, and freight trains drivers passenger train drivers or passenger shunting train drivers were the lowest.

Objective: To study the effects of exposed to different concentrations of carbon disulfide on neurological signs of workers., Methods: Collection the information of concentration of carbon disulfide in the workplace or workers individuals exposed of a chemical fiber industry from 2004 to 2011, a total of 3 537 workers exposed to carbon disulfide were detected muscle strength and muscle tone, knee reflex, Achilles tendon reflex, trembling limbs, sensory function, and three chatter. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis on abnormal neurological signs of workers., Results: Eight hours time-weighted average concentration range of workers exposed to carbon disulfide in this chemical fiber industry was 0.2-41.0 mg/m(3), geometric mean was 2.38 mg/m(3). Concentration of carbon disulfide exposure of 1 771 workers was from 0.2 to 2.5 mg/m3( ≤ 2.5 mg/m(3)), 642 workers was 2.6-4.8 mg/m(3) (< 5.0 mg/m(3)), other 1 051 workers was from 5.1 to 41.0 mg/m(3) ( > 5.0 mg/m(3)) in all subjects. The different detection rates of knee reflex were 3.0% (31/1 045), 3.7% (21/574), 4.8% (16/331), 3.3% (10/305), 5.9% (11/187), 6.7% (68/1 022), the different detection rates of Achilles tendon reflex were 2.2% (23/1 045), 3.7% (21/574), 2.7% (9/331), 2.3% (7/305), 2.1% (4/187), 5.6% (57/1 022), the different detection rates of sensory dysfunction were 0.4% (4/1 045), 0.5% (3/574), 0.6% (2/331), 0.0% (0/305), 2.1% (4/187), 1.7% (17/1 022) in different cumulative amount of contact groups ( ≤ 10.0, 10.1-20.0, 20.1-30.0, 30.1-40.0, 40.1-50.0, >50.0 mg/m(3) per year), and the differences were statistically significant (χ(2) = 19.53, 21.27 and 15.89, all P values were <0.01) . Stratified according to age and gender, in addition to the ≤ 25 years group the difference of detection rate analysis on Achilles tendon reflex was statistically significant in the different concentration group (the ratio of on Achilles tendon reflex in the different groups of concentration of carbon disulfide exposure of 2.5, 2.6-5.0, ≥ 5.0 mg/m(3) were 0.4% (2/511), 1.0% (1/98), 2.1% (7/327), χ(2) = 5.59, P = 0.045) , the difference of detection rate analysis on neurological sign was not statistically significant in the different concentration group on the rest of the age and gender groups (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Within the concentration range of the object of study contact actual, different concentrations of carbon disulfide in addition to individual neurological signs of individual ages influential, it has no significant effect on the various signs of nervous system of workers of most age and gender groups, expect the age below the 25 years old group.

Objective: To investigate the influential factors for the coping strategy for occupational stress among workers in thirteen enterprises., Methods: An anonymous survey was conducted in 6711 workers in 13 enterprises selected by cluster sampling from November 2008 to June 2009. Coping strategy, occupational stressors, stress response, and social support were measured using occupational stress instruments, job content questionnaire, and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. The data from 5338 workers were statistically analyzed; the overall response rate was 79.6%., Results: The median coping strategy score was 26 (23-30) (P25∼P75). The coping strategy score of male workers (26.56±5.30) was significantly higher than that of female workers (26.07±5.37) (Z = 10.02, P < 0.01). Coping strategy score was the highest in managers (27.41±4.86) and the lowest in front-line workers (26.28±5.36), with a significant difference between the two groups (χ(2) = 5.38, P < 0.01). The coping strategy scores of workers with weekly job times of ≤40 h, 41-50 h, 51-59 h, and ≥ 60 h were 26.93±5.36, 26.72±5.11, 25.74±5.30, and 25.09±5.83, respectively (χ(2) = 22.12, P < 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that coping strategy score was positively correlated with decision level (r = 0.183, P < 0.01), reward (r = 0.207, P < 0.01), positive emotion (r = 0.244, P < 0.01), superior support (r = 0.176, P < 0.01), coworker support (r = 0.176, P < 0.01), and job satisfaction (r = 0.171, P < 0.01), but negatively correlated with psychological demands (r = -0.157, P < 0.01), physical demands (r = -0.099, P < 0.01), negative emotion (r = -0.093, P < 0.01), and depressive symptoms scores (r = -0.208, P < 0.01). Compared with those with middle or low coping strategy scores, workers with high coping strategy scores reported higher decision level, reward, social support, job satisfaction, and positive emotion scores (P < 0.01) but lower depressive symptom and negative emotion scores (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Enterprise type, individual factors, health status, and work time, have effects on the coping strategy for occupational stress of occupational stress.

Objective: To explore the effect of occupational stress and related factors to the mood of speed train drivers., Methods: By using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 352 speed train drivers (including 291 passenger train drivers, 640 freight trains drivers, 342 passenger shunting train drivers, and 79 High Speed Rail drivers) from a Railway Bureau depot. The survey included mood, individual factors, occupational stress factors, personality factors and mitigating factors. The mood status was evaluated by mood scale, and the occupational stress factors, personality factors and mitigating factors were measured by the revised effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model questionnaires and occupational stress measurement scale., Results: Correlation analysis showed that the mood score was negative correlated with age(r = -0.07, P = 0.01), working age (r = -0.07, P = 0.01), ERI(r = -0.53, P < 0.01), extrinsic effort(r = -0.41, P < 0.01), intrinsic effort(r = -0.39, P < 0.01), group conflict(r = -0.12, P < 0.01), role conflict(r = -0.16, P < 0.01), role ambiguity(r = -0.08, P < 0.01), and social support(r = -0.36, P < 0.01), and was positive correlated with rewards(r = 0.42, P < 0.01), self-esteem(r = 0.20, P < 0.01), and coping strategy(r = 0.12, P < 0.01). The mood scores of passenger train drivers, passenger shunting train drivers, freight train drivers and High Speed Rail drivers were 4.88 ± 2.78, 4.72 ± 2.50, 4.28 ± 2.57 and 4.12 ± 3.02, respectively, which the differences had statistical significance(F = 4.23, P = 0.01), unrelated to age and working age. The descending sort of mood corrected mean was passenger train drivers(4.87), passenger shunting train drivers (4.69), freight train drivers (4.29) , and High Speed Rail drivers (4.17). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that ERI, social support, rewards, intrinsic effort, self-esteem, extrinsic effort and coping strategy were the predictors, which could explain the 74.36% of total variance., Conclusion: Most occupational stress factors may cause negative mood, but rewards, self-esteem, social support and coping strategy were the protection factors of mood; different train drivers had different mood status, High Speed Rail drivers were the worst, and passenger train drivers were the best.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of job satisfaction among enterprise workers., Methods: Between November, 2008 and June, 2009, 6 711 workers from 13 enterprises were recruited to this survey by cluster sampling method. Data about job satisfaction, occupational stressors, strains, coping strategy and social support were collected anonymously by using occupational stress instruments, job content questionnaire and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire., Results: Median (P25-P75) of job satisfaction scores was 40(34-46), which were separately (40.25 ± 7.59) and (38.57 ± 8.62) among female and male workers. The difference showed statistical significance (Z = 6.00, P < 0.01). The job satisfaction score was highest (41.44 ± 6.93) among administrative staff, but lowest (38.89 ± 8.79) among assistant workers. The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 6.64, P < 0.01).Job satisfaction score of shift workers (38.47 ± 8.58) was significantly lower than that of non-shift workers(39.66 ± 8.10) (Z = 4.61, P < 0.01). The job satisfaction scores of workers with weekly job time ≤ 40 h, 41-50 h, 51-59 h and ≥ 60 h were separately (39.86 ± 8.25), (39.23 ± 8.20), (38.68 ± 8.44) and (37.01 ± 8.34). The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 54.06, P < 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that job satisfaction was positively related to technology utilize degree (r = 0.26, P < 0.01), free decision latitude(r = 0.32, P < 0.01), reward(r = 0.60, P < 0.01), positive affection (r = 0.45, P < 0.01), superior support(r = 0.49, P < 0.01) and coping strategy (r = 0.16, P < 0.01); however, negatively related to external effort(r = -0.33, P < 0.01), psychological demands (r = -0.34, P < 0.01), physical demands(r = -0.30, P < 0.01), negative emotions (r = -0.41, P < 0.01) and depressive symptoms (r = -0.44, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of job dissatisfaction for workers with low reward was about three times as high as that for workers with high reward (OR = 3.44, 95%CI:2.95-4.01), risks of job dissatisfaction for workers with low negative emotions, high positive affection and social support were about two times as high as that for workers with low positive affection, high negative emotions and low social support, with the OR (95%CI) respectively at 2.42 (2.09-2.82), 2.28 (1.95-2.66) and 2.25 (1.94-2.62)., Conclusion: Occupational stress, individual features, health status, shiftwork system and work time had great effect on job satisfaction. The main measures of increasing job satisfaction were to improve rewards, increase superior support and decrease negative emotions.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between emotion and plasma fibrinogen level in train crew., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 350 male workers of passenger car, freight car, shunting locomotive for passenger service, and high-speed car from a locomotive depot. The factors involved in this study were as follows: common factors including educational level, physical exercise, smoking, drinking, and physical environment, emotional/characteristic factors including sleep quality, depression, and coping strategies, and working -related factors including effort -reward imbalance, working age, responsibility for people, responsibility for work, intragroup conflicts, and intergroup conflicts. Variables were measured with common rating scales at home and abroad. Plasma fibrinogen level was determined by immunological turbidimetry. The Spearman rank correlation test and multiple stepwise regression were used to analyse the influential factors for fibrinogen level. The original concentration of fibrinogen was subjected to logarithmic transformation in statistical analysis., Results: The Spearman rank correlation test showed that plasma fibrinogen level was significantly correlated with age(r = 0.228, P = 0.001), working age(r = 0.231, P = 0.001), and emotion (r = -0.138, P = 0.016), but showed no significant relationship with other variables (P > 0.05). The multiple stepwise regression with fibrinogen level as a dependent variable was performed in four models. Model 1 showed that emotion and age were included in the regression after adjustment for common factors (P < 0.05). Model 2 also showed inclusion of emotion and age in the regression after adjustment for common factors and occupational stress factors (P < 0.05). Model 3 showed inclusion of emotion in the regression after adjustment for common factors, occupational stress factors, and psychological factors (P < 0.05). Model 4 showed inclusion of emotion and age after adjustment for common factors, occupational stress factors, psychological factors, and relief factors (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The emotion of train crew is correlated with plasma fibrinogen level.