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Objective: To compare the effective power of external chest compression and degree of exhaustion of rescue crew using different methods of counting, in order to establish a more appropriate and standard method of counting., Methods: Forty-eight subjects who had received formal training in basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS) were recruited randomly from doctors and nurses working in the emergency departments. The methods of counting were randomly selected which was performed first, and then they performed continuous chest compressions for 3 minutes using two different methods of counting with 30 minutes apart on the manikin, which was used in the hospital for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. The total number of compressions was recorded, and the number of those which were considered satisfactory, the peak heart rate of the performer and the time to reach peak heart were all recorded. Feeling of fatigue and discomfort was evaluated by self-reported survey results with the use of a visual analogue scale (VAS)., Results: The total number of compressions attempted, the effective power of external chest compression and the mean compression depth when rescuers counted form 1 to 10, which were repeated for 3 times, were greater than those when rescuers counted from 1 to 30 during 3 minutes of CPR [(202.40+/-6.52) times vs. (173.50+/-5.68) times, (67.48+/-2.00)% vs. (57.81+/-2.00)%, (4.45+/-0/.34) cm vs. (4.05+/0.21) cm, all P<0.01]. The VAS scores (22.15+/-3.09) was lower than that when rescuers counted them from 1 to 30 (31.10+/-4.09, P<0.01). The time to reach peak heart rate [(124.88+/-5.40) s] was longer than that when rescuers counted them from 1 to 30 [(106.15+/-6.80) s, P<0.01]. There was no difference in peak heart rate between two methods of counting., Conclusion: The effective power of external chest compression is greater when rescuers counted from 1 to 10 with repetition for 3 times than that when rescuers counted continuously from 1 to 30 during CPR. The method of counting from 1 to 10 with repetition for 3 times can save physical energy of rescue crew, so it can improve the quality of CPR to some extent.

Objective: To investigate the nature of syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine by means of pharmacokinetic (PK) method., Methods: Twenty-one healthy volunteers, 20 patients with syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency, 22 patients with syndrome of deficiency of spleen qi and 19 patients with syndrome of excess of stomach heat were included and administered to take Jiawei Xiaoyaosan Recipe (JWXYSR). The serum PK parameters of ferulic acid (FA) were examined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method., Results: The absorption rate constant (alpha) and the elimination rate constant (beta) were both decreased while the apparent first-order absorption constant (K(a)) was enhanced significantly in the patients with syndrome of deficiency of spleen qi; the alpha, beta and Ka were all reduced in the patients with syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and spleen deficiency; the beta and K(a) were increased in the patients with syndrome of excess of stomach heat, as compared with the corresponding PK parameters in the healthy volunteers (P<0.01)., Conclusion: The PK analysis of FA in the patients with syndrome of deficiency of spleen qi shows that the absorption rate is accelerated, and both the distribution and elimination rates are slowed down. The absorption, distribution and elimination rates of AF are all slowed down in the patients with syndrome of stagnation of liver-qi and spleen deficiency, while the absorption and elimination rates of AF are both accelerated in the patients with syndrome of excess of stomach heat. There are obvious differences in the PK characteristics among these three syndromes.