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Objective To establish a reference intervals (RIs) of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC-Ag) in healthy population in Nanning region and provide clinical evidence to support diagnosis and prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Methods A total of 10 197 reference individuals who joined a routine physical examination in the Health Management Center of Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital from March 2019 to December 2021 were collected. The level of serum SCC-Ag was detected by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare the differences in serum SCC level between genders or adjacent age groups. The unilateral 95th percentile determined the upper limit of the RIs by the nonparametric method. Another 1 035 healthy subjects with the same conditions as the reference population were selected for refer- ence validation. Results The serum SCC-Ag level showed a skewed distribution (Z=0.08, P＜0.05). The serum SCC-Ag level of males was considerably higher than that of females. There was significant difference in serum SCC-Ag level between males aged 18-30 and 31-40, 51-60 and 61-90 (P＜0.05). There was significant difference in serum SCC-Ag level between females aged 18-30 and 31-40, 31-40 and 41-50, 51-60 and 61-90 (P＜0.05). The reference intervals of serum SCC-Ag was as follows: 0-1.64 ng/mL for males and females aged 18-30 years; 0-1.57 ng/mL and 0-1.70 ng/mL for males aged 31-60 years and 61-90 years, respectively; 0-1.50 ng/mL, 0-1.52 ng/mL and 0-1.42 ng/mL for females aged 31-40 years, 41-60 years and 61-90 years, respectively. Conclusions The RIs of serum SCC-Ag in healthy population in the Nanning region are successfully established according to different genders and ages.

Aircraft icing will affect flight safety and even lead to serious flight accidents. Studying the adhesion strength between icing and substrate can provide specific index requirements for the design of aircraft anti-icing and de-icing system. An experimental platform for measuring shear adhesion force is designed,which is used to measure the freezing adhesion force of the substrate at different initial temperatures of freezing water. The temperature changes of water/ice during freezing are collected,and the experimental phenomena are analyzed by nucleation theory,focusing on the effect of the initial temperature of frozen water on the adhesion strength. The results show that the increase of initial freezing water temperature will promote ice crystal nucleation and improve the adhesion strength.

In experimental air flow conditions, the effects of inner structure on the heat transfer and flow characteristics of micro-channel parallel flow type evaporator are investigated. The results indicate when the deflector in front of the evaporator outlet is removed, the cooling capacity in different air flow is increased by 9.59% ~ 10.56% than the original evaporator, and the resistance coefficient is reduced about 12.5%, thus the evaporator performance is improved significantly in different conditions. While the circulation area of the connections between the two flow processes is increased on the basis of the above, there is no influence on the pressure drop of evaporator, but the cooling capacity is reduced significantly. So the evaporator performance is decreased. When increasing the inner circulation area of manifold, the different position of the circulation area produces different impact on the refrigeration capacity of the evaporator. In the condition of flow distribution of refrigerant being not decreased, the increase of circulation area can decrease the pressure drop and improve cooling capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]