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Objective: To determine the effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) on in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients receiving clopidogrel therapy., Methods: Total 439 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled in the study,including 250 post-PCI patients discharged on clopidogrel alone and 189 patients discharged on clopidogrel with PPI. The in-stent restenosis (ISR) ratio of the patients in these two groups were observed., Results: During a mean follow-up period of (13 ± 5.9) months, the post-PCI patients discharged on concomitant clopidogrel-PPI therapy had higher risk of ISR than those discharged on clopidogrel alone (19.6% Compared with 8%, P<0.001)., Conclusion: Concomitant use of clopidogrel and PPI after hospital discharge would increase the risk of ISR for post-PCI patients.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chelerythrine on the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats induced by different glucose levels and its mechanism. Using cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes as a model, groups were divided as: control (5 mmol x L(-1)); high glucose level (10, 15, 20, and 25.5 mmol x L(-1)); high glucose level (25.5 mmol x L(-1)) add different concentrations of chelerythrine (1 and 8 micromol x L(-1)); and control glucose level (5 mmol x L(-1)) add different concentrations of chelerythrine (1 and 8 micromol x L(-1)). Different groups of cardiomyocytes after adding corresponding treat factors were cultured for 48 hours. Cardiomyocytes' diameters and protein level were measured and the expression of PKC-alpha, PKC-beta2, p-PKC-alpha, and p-PKC-beta2 were measured by Western blotting. Compared with control group, neonatal myocytes cultured in high glucose levels showed increased cellular volumes, protein level and expression of PKC-alpha, PKC-beta2, p-PKC-alpha, p-PKC-beta2. When chelerythrine was added, cellular volumes, protein level and expression of PKC-alpha, PKC-beta2, p-PKC-alpha, p-PKC-beta2 were significantly reduced. But in 1 micromol x L(-1) chelerythrine group, the expression of PKC-beta2 was not significantly reduced. The result suggested that chelerythrine can reverse the hypertrophy induced by different glucose levels on the cardiac myocytes, it may have protective effect against diabetic cardiomyopathy via PKC passageway.

Objective: To investigate alterations of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from peripheral blood in patients with coronary heart diseases., Methods: Twenty patients with coronary heart diseases (CHD) and 20 matched control subjects were included in the study. Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After cultured for 7 days, attached cells were cytochemically analyzed. EPCs were characterized as adherent cells double positive for DiLDL-uptake and lectin-binding by laser scanning confocal microscope with direct fluorescent staining. EPCs proliferation and migration were measured by MTT assay and modified Boyden chamber assay, respectively. EPCs adhesion assay was performed by replating on fibronectin-coated dishes, then adherent cells were counted., Results: The number of EPCs was significantly reduced in patients with CHD compared with that of age-matched control subjects (31.8+/-7.7 compared with 59.5 +/-10.6 EPCs/x 200 field; P<0.05). In addition, the functional activity of EPCs such as proliferation, migration and adhesive capacity was also impaired in patients with CHD., Conclusion: EPCs number and functional activity are significantly decreased in patients with CHD.

Aim: To investigate whether Ginkgo biloba extract can augment endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) number, and promote EPC proliferation, migration and adhesion., Methods: Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After 7 days of culture, attached cells were stimulated with Ginkgo biloba extract (10, 25 and 50 mg x L(-1)) or vehicle control for the respective time points (6, 12, 24 and 48 h). EPC were characterized as adherent cells double positive for DiLDL-uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining under a laser scanning confocal microscope. EPC were further documented by demonstrating the expression of CD34, VEGFR-2 and AC133 with flow cytometry. EPC proliferation, migration and in vitro vasculogenesis activity were assayed with MTT assay, modified Boyden chamber assay and in vitro vasculogenesis kit, respectively. EPCs adhesion assay was performed by replating MNCs on fibronectin-coated dishes, and then counting adherent cells., Results: Incubation of isolated human MNCs with Ginkgo biloba extract increased the number of EPC, maximum at 25 mg x L(-1), 24 hours (approximately 1-fold increase, P < 0.01). In addition, Ginkgo biloba extract promotes EPC proliferative, migratory, adhesive and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity., Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba may promote EPC augmentation and enhance its functional activity.

Objective: To investigate whether puerarin can augment endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) numbers, promote EPC proliferation, migration and adhesion., Method: Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes. After 7 days culture, attached cells were stimulated with puerarin (to make a series of final concentrations: 0. 1, 0.5, 1, 3 mmol x L(-1)) or vehicle control for the respective time points (6, 12, 24, 48 h). EPCs were characterized as adherent cells double positive for DiLDL-uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining under a laser scanning confocal microscope. EPCs proliferation, migration and in vitro vasculogenesis activity were assayed with MT assay, modified Boyden chamber assay and in vitro vasculogenesis kit, respectively. EPCs adhesion assay was performed by replating those on fibronectin-coated dishes, then adherent cells were counted., Result: Incubation of isolated human MNCs with puerarin dose increased the number of EPCs, maximum at 3 mmol x L(-1), 24 hours (approximately 1-fold increase, P < 0.01). In addition, puerarin also promoted EPC proliferative, migratory, adhesive and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity., Conclusion: Puerarin can augment the number of EPCs with enhanced functional activity.

Objective: To investigate whether hypercholesterolemia has influences on the number and activity of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)., Methods: Mononuclear cells were isolated from patients with hypercholesterolemia (n = 20) and age-matched control subjects (n = 20). EPCs were characterized as adherent cells double positive for DiLDL-uptake and lectin binding by direct fluorescent staining under a laser scanning confocal microscope. EPCs proliferation and migration were assayed by MTT assay and modified Boyden chamber assay, respectively. EPCs adhesion assay was performed by replating cells on fibronectin-coated dishes, then counting the adherent cells., Results: The number of EPCs was significantly reduced in patients with hypercholesterolemia as compared with that in control subjects [(41.8 +/- 8.7 vs 64.5 +/- 16.6) EPCs/x 200 fields; P < 0.05] and it was inversely correlated with total cholesterol levels (r = -0.659, P < 0.001) and LDL cholesterol levels (r = -0.611, P < 0.001). In addition, EPCs proliferative, migratory and adhesive capacity were also impaired., Conclusion: It is suggested that a novel pathophysiological mechanism of hypercholesterolemia may be defined i.e. reduction of EPCs with decreased functional activity.