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Background and purpose: Both prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing outcomes serve as references for therapeutic decision-making in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) treatment. This study aimed to analyze the association between PSMA PET/CT-derived parameters and ctDNA characteristics in patients with HSPC. Methods: HSPC patients who received PSMA PET/CT and ctDNA sequencing at an interval of less than 2 weeks and with complete medical records were retrospectively included in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. Patients with active malignancies other than prostate cancer and those with histological features supporting a diagnosis of pure neuroendocrine carcinoma or small cell carcinoma were excluded. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (Ethics number: 1909207-12). The correlation between PSMA PET/CT-derived parameters, including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), total tumor volume (TTV), total lesion uptake (TLU) and ctDNA fraction (ctDNA%) was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 60 HSPC patients were included, with TP53 (3.3%), BRCA2 (3.3%) and ATM (3.3%) being the most common mutated genes. In the correlation analysis, a significant correlation was observed between ctDNA% and SUVmax levels (Spearman’s rho=0.272, P=0.036); however, no significant correlation was found between ctDNA% and TLU (Spearman’s rho=0.160, P=0.222) or TTV (Spearman’s rho=0.162, P=0.215). Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between SUVmax and ctDNA%, suggesting that patients with high PSMA uptake lesions were more likely to receive combined targeted therapy than patients with no PSMA positive lesions and patients with low PSMA uptake lesions, which provided a certain reference for the formulation of individualized treatment plans.

In order to understand the dynamic changes of non-volatile metabolites in Xinyang Maojian tea during processing, Xinyang Maojian tea samples from Xinyang tea population (Camellia sinensis cv. Quntizhong) taken during processing were systematically analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics. A total of 1 000 non-volatile metabolites were identified, and multivariate statistical analysis showed that non-volatile metabolites changed significantly during the processing stages after fixation. Meanwhile, a total of 53 differential compounds were screened out, including amino acids, catechins, flavonoid glycosides, lipids, purine nucleosides and organic acids that were identified as the key components contributing to the flavor and quality of Xinyang Maojian tea. In particular, the relative contents of some acylated flavonoid glycosides, lysophosphatidyls and purine nucleosides were significantly elevated during the processing stages after fixation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differential compounds were significantly enriched in the pathways of purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (P < 0.05). This study provides a basis for understanding the formation mechanism of the flavor and quality of Xinyang Maojian tea.

About 40%-70% of newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients in China are in the stage of metastatic disease, and the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the occurrence and development of prostate cancer and the unique metastasis pattern make it difficult to analyze immune markers based on biopsy tissue. With the advancement of many basic and clinical studies, new advances have been made in the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, perioperative management, radiotherapy techniques and systematic treatment of advanced diseases of prostate cancer. These results continuously enrich the means of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer patients and improve their prognosis. Here was a review of the major advances in prostate cancer research in 2022.

Background and purpose: In prostate cancer, the high expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is confirmed to indirectly promote the migration of tumor cells and is associated with a shorter metastasis-free survival. However, majority of previous research on the EGFR gene focused on the mechanism and rarely established links with clinical indicators. This study aimed to compare the genotype differences of EGFR gene in the western countries and Chinese prostate cancer patients, to explore the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and EGFR gene polymorphism. Methods: The polymorphism of EGFR (RS884419) gene in peripheral blood leukocyte DNA of 182 prostate cancer patients who were treated in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2014 to 2019 was detected to compare genotype differences of EGFR gene in prostate cancer patients between Chinese and the western populations, and to explore the correlation between clinicopathological and basic characteristics and EGFR gene polymorphism. Results: Compared with patients in the variant group with EGFR (rs884419) genotypes AA and AG, patients in the normal group with genotype GG had a higher proportion of distant metastases (M 1 stage) at diagnosis (65.3% vs 84.2%, P ＜ 0.05); EGFR (rs884419) gene polymorphism had no correlation with age at diagnosis, prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis, metastatic load and Gleason score (P ＞ 0.05). Compared with American prostate cancer patients, the mutation frequency of EGFR (rs884419) gene was higher (20.4% vs 79.1%, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion: The M 1 stage of patients at diagnosis is higher in the normal EGFR genotype group than in the variant group, suggesting that the difference in EGFR gene expression may be involved in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer metastasis. According to the genotype, the distant metastasis status of patients at the diagnosis can be predicted theoretically. And due to the high frequency of mutations in the Chinese patients, EGFR genotype has a stronger predictive value for treatment efficacy than it does in the western population.

Background and purpose: Inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPi) has been shown in multiple clinical trials to benefit survival in patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutations in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Fluzoparib has been approved for the treatment of ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancers, but no data have been reported for prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fluzoparib in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 13 mCRPC patients treated with fluzoparib alone or fluzoparib combined with abiraterone or SHR3680 (androgen receptor antagonist) in 9 hospitals nationwide including Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 1, 2020 to February 1, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Genetic mutation data, survival data, adverse reactions and other data were obtained through outpatient cases or telephone follow-up. Results: Among the 13 patients, 3 patients were treated with fluzoparib alone, 8 patients were treated with fluzoparib combined with abiraterone, and 2 patients were treated with fluzoparib combined with SHR3680. All the 3 patients treated with monotherapy carried HRR gene mutations, and all had prostate-specific antigen (PSA); among those, 2 patients (66.7%) had PSA decrease of more than 50%. All the 8 patients treated with fluzoparib combined with abiraterone had been resistant to abiraterone at the earlier stage, and the genetic testing results showed that 2 patients did not carry HRR pathogenic mutation, and 1 patient did not receive genetic testing. Among the 8 patients, only 1 patient without HRR pathogenic mutation had an increase in PSA after receiving the combined treatment, while the remaining 7 patients (87.5%) had a decrease in PSA. PSA decreased by more than 50% in 3 patients (37.5%) and 90% in 2 patients (25.0%). The 2 patients treated with fluzoparib combined with SHR3680 had been resistant to abiraterone and docetaxel at the earlier stage, one patient had no genetic test and no PSA response, and the other patient had no DNA damage repair (DDR) gene mutation, however, decreased by more than 50%. At the same time, 61.5% (8/13) of the patients showed different degrees of adverse reactions, the main adverse reactions were anemia, joint pain, loss of appetite and fatigue; 23.1% (3/13) of the patients developed grade 3 anemia, of whom 1 patient terminated the treatment. Conclusion: Fluzoparib shows promising clinical prospects, and is well tolerated in both monotherapy and combination therapy. However, this conclusion needs to be further confirmed in prospective clinical studies with larger sample size.

To identify the source and analyze the enrichment degree of soil cd in the limestone distribution areas of Guizhou Province, the geochemical baseline values of soil cd formed in different geological ages are obtained by standardized method, and the geoaccumulation index is used for evaluation. The results show that the baseline values of cd in the soil formed from the Permian and carboniferous limestone are obviously higher than those of the soil formed from limestone of other geological ages. The comparison between the baseline values of cd in soil and average content of cd in rocks shows that the naturally weathered rocks are the main source of soil cd in limestone areas. According to the evaluation results of geoaccumulation index, the pollution of soil cd in limestone areas of Guizhou is generally at a low level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the limitations of traditional information extraction and modeling of the Tang dy-nasty costumes of their own characteristics, the information extraction method of Tang dynasty clothing wrinkle is presented by using the gray value. On the OpenCV computer vision technology platform, and Photoshop image processing technology, the extracting costume fold information is studied. The images are preprocessed in Photoshop, and then the pictures' folds information is extracted on OpenCV plat-form, and specific data is put out, and output fold information is completed by using Maya software to a-chieve three-dimensional models of Tang clothing reproducing. This method breaks throngh the limita-tions of simple three-dimensional traditional modeling methods, improves the modeling efficiency, and a-chieves a realistic three-dimensional visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watershed water environment pollution model is the important tool for studying watershed environmental problems. Through the quantitative description of the complicated pollution processes of whole watershed system and its parts, the model can identify the main sources and migration pathways of pollutants, estimate the pollutant loadings, and evaluate their impacts on water environment, providing a basis for watershed planning and management. This paper reviewed the watershed water environment models widely applied at home and abroad, with the focuses on the models of pollutants loading (GWLF and PLOAD), water quality of received water bodies (QUAL2E and WASP), and the watershed models integrated pollutant loadings and water quality (HSPF, SWAT, AGNPS, AnnAGNPS, and SWMM), and introduced the structures, principles, and main characteristics as well as the limitations in practical applications of these models. The other models of water quality (CE-QUAL-W2, EFDC, and AQUATOX) and watershed models (GLEAMS and MIKE SHE) were also briefly introduced. Through the case analysis on the applications of single model and integrated models, the development trend and application prospect of the watershed water environment pollution models were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data protection is a vital issue in information age when the data size is rapidly expanded. As a useful data protecting scheme, continuous data protection mechanism can address data outage raised by software and hardware failure, user errors and so on. In order to guide the continuous data protection mechanism design, this paper proposed a universal model for continuous data protection schemes. And then we analyze and proposed the formal description of data replication frequency, recovery time and storage overhead. At last, we evaluated the effectiveness of our model by actual trace in online transaction processing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water body's nitrate pollution has become a common and severe environmental problem. In order to ensure human health and water environment benign evolution, it is of great importance to effectively identify the nitrate pollution sources of water body. Because of the discrepant composition of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in different sources of nitrate in water body, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes can be used to identify the nitrate pollution sources of water environment. This paper introduced the fractionation factors of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in the main processes of nitrogen cycling and the composition of these stable isotopes in main nitrate sources, compared the advantages and disadvantages of five pre-treatment methods for analyzing the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate, and summarized the research advances in this aspect into three stages, i. e. , using nitrogen stable isotope alone, using nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes simultaneously, and combining with mathematical models. The future research directions regarding the nitrate pollution sources identification of water environment were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An approach for analyzing consensus based on cloud model and evidence theory is proposed, with respect to the characteristics of divergent argument in HWME, such as continuity, fuzziness and complexity. Firstly, this method uses cloud model to find out the opinion implicated in every comment, according to the semantic relations between argument information; then synthesizes the implicated opinions expressed by an expert in all time into the expert opinion on the base of evidence theory; and at last, obtains qualitative distribution map of expert opinion and quantitative level of consensus and attention, in accordance with acquired opinions from different experts. A numerical example indicates that this approach is effective, enables the experts to understand current consensus state and improves efficiency of the group argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the effects of cluster needling at scalp points with needle retaining combined with the training of the upper-limb intelligent rehabilitation robot on shoulder function in stroke patients during convalescence., Methods: Ninety stroke patients during convalescence were collected and randomized into scalp point group, robot training group and combined intervention group, with 30 cases each. In the scalp point group, the cluster needling was delivered at scalp points with the needles retained. In the robot training group, the patients were trained with the upper-limb intelligent rehabilitation robot. In the combined intervention group, the patients received both the cluster needling and the training of the upper-limb intelligent rehabilitation robot. In each group, the treatment was given once daily, 5 treatments a week with 2 days rest, for consecutive 4 weeks. Separately, before and after treatment, the score of Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity scale (FMA-UE) and the score of activity of daily living (ADL) were evaluated. Using the in-built assessment system of the upper-limb intelligent rehabilitation robot, the range of motion (ROM) of forward flexion, horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction of the affected shoulder joint were evaluated. With surface electromyogram (sEMG), the sEMG value of the deltoid muscle and the pectoralis major on the affected side were detected., Results: Compared with the values before treatment, ADL score and FMA-UA score increased in patients of the three groups ( P <0.05), and ROM of forward flexion, horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction of the affected shoulder joint was larger ( P <0.05), the sEMG value of the fasciculi pectoralis major anterior of patients in the combined intervention group was reduced ( P <0.05), and the sEMG of anterior deltoid tract was elevated in the three groups ( P <0.05). When compared with the scalp point group and the robot group, in the combined intervention group, after treatment, ADL score and FMA-UA score were higher ( P <0.05), ROM of forward flexion, horizontal abduction and horizontal adduction of the affected shoulder joint elevated ( P <0.05) and sEMG value of the fasciculi pectoralis major anterior reduced ( P <0.05), while which of the anterior deltoid tract was elevated ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: The cluster needling at scalp points with needle retaining, combined with the training of the upper-limb intelligent rehabilitation robot, improves the upper limb motor function and the range of motion of the shoulder joint in stroke patients during convalescence.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia on mild neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)., Methods: A prospective study was performed on 153 neonates with mild HIE who were born from September 2019 to September 2023. These neonates were randomly divided into two groups: therapeutic hypothermia ( n =77) and non-therapeutic hypothermia group ( n =76). The short-term clinical efficacy of the two groups were compared. Barkovich scoring system was used to analyze the severity of brain injury shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between the two groups., Results: There were no significant differences in gestational age, gender, birth weight, mode of birth, and Apgar score between the therapeutic hypothermia and non-therapeutic hypothermia groups ( P >0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence rates of sepsis, arrhythmia, persistent pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hemorrhage and the duration of mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours after birth between the two groups. The therapeutic hypothermia group had longer prothrombin time within the first 72 hours after birth and a longer hospital stay ( P< 0.05). Compared with the non-therapeutic hypothermia group, the therapeutic hypothermia group had lower incidence rates of MRI abnormalities (30% vs 57%), moderate to severe brain injury on MRI (5% vs 28%), and watershed injury (27% vs 51%) ( P< 0.05), as well as lower medium watershed injury score (0 vs 1) ( P< 0.05)., Conclusions: Therapeutic hypothermia can reduce the incidence rates of MRI abnormalities and watershed injury, without obvious adverse effects, in neonates with mild HIE, suggesting that therapeutic hypothermia may be beneficial in neuroprotection in these neonates.

A typical particulate matter pollution process occurred from October 9 to 17,2018,in Langfang,and 99 types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were monitored by using ZF-KU-1007. The characteristics of VOCs,formation potential of secondary organic aerosol (SOA),and source of VOCs were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the maximum concentration of PM 2.5 was 198 μg·m -3 during the pollution process and was 2.64 times the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012). The average concentration of VOCs was 56.8×10 -9 ,127.8×10 -9 ,and 72.5×10 -9 in the early,middle,and late stages of the pollution process,respectively,and the concentration of VOCs increased significantly in the middle stage. The formation potential of SOA was significantly positively correlated with PM 2.5 ,and the contribution of aromatic hydrocarbon for SOA was larger and significantly correlated with the concentration of PM 2.5 . In the middle pollution stage,SOA increased,and the contribution ratio of aromatic hydrocarbon increased significantly. Conversely,the contribution of alkanes and olefin decreased significantly,which showed that aromatic hydrocarbons,namely benzene series,were the dominant species of SOA generation and had a great influence on the pollution process. Benzene,toluene, m -/ p -xylene, o -xylene,and ethylbenzene and nonane,n-undecane,and methylcyclohexane were the priority control species in this pollution process. Solvent use source and motor vehicle emission source (gasoline and diesel vehicles) were the main sources affecting the concentration of VOCs during the autumn pollution process of Langfang,among which the contribution of gasoline vehicle emissions increased significantly in the middle pollution contribution and was the key control source.

Twelve compounds were isolated from Liquidambaris Resina by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data, electron capture detector data, and physicochemical properties as(2'R, 3'R)-2',3'-dihydroxy-hydrocinnamyl-(E)-cinnamate(1),(E)-cinnamyl-(E)-cinnamate(2), cinnamic acid(3), 28-norlup-20(29)-en-3-one-17β-hydroperoxide(4), erythrodiol(5), 13β,28-epoxy-30-hydroxyolean-1-en-3-one(6),(3β)-olean-12-ene-3,23-diol(7), 2α,3α-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid(8), 28-hydroxyolean-12-en-3-one(9), 3-epi-oleanolic acid(10), 3-oxo-oleanolic acid(11), and hederagenin(12). Compound 1 was a new cinnamic acid ester derivative and compounds 2-4,6-8, and 12 were isolated from Liquidambaris Resina for the first time. Compounds 4, 5, 10, and 12 exerted inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC) with the IC&#95;(50) values of(17.43±2.17),(35.32±0.61),(27.50±0.80), and(46.30±0.30) μmol·L~(-1), respectively.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of pathogenic germline mutations of mismatch repair (MMR) genes in prostate cancer patients and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics., Methods: Germline sequencing data of 855 prostate cancer patients admitted in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The pathogenicity of mutations was assessed according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standard guideline, Clinvar and Intervar databases. The clinicopathological characteristics and responses to castration treatment were compared among patients with MMR gene mutation (MMR + group), patients with DNA damage repair (DDR) gene germline pathogenic mutation without MMR gene (DDR + MMR － group) and patients without DDR gene germline pathogenic mutation (DDR － group)., Results: Thirteen (1.52%) MMR + patients were identified in 855 prostate cancer patients, including 1 case with MLH1 gene mutation, 6 cases with MSH2 gene mutation, 4 cases with MSH6 gene mutation and 2 cases with PMS2 gene mutation. 105 (11.9%) patients were identified as DDR gene positive (except MMR gene), and 737 (86.2%) patients were DDR gene negative. Compared with DDR － group, MMR + group had lower age of onset ( P <0.05) and initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ( P <0.01), while no significant differences were found between the two groups in Gleason score and TMN staging (both P >0.05). The median time to castration resistance was 8 months (95% CI : 6 months-not achieved), 16 months (95% CI : 12-32 months) and 24 months (95% CI : 21-27 months) for MMR + group, DDR + MMR － group and DDR － group, respectively. The time to castration resistance in MMR + group was significantly shorter than that in DDR + MMR － group and DDR － group (both P <0.01), while there was no significant difference between DDR + MMR － group and DDR － group ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: MMR gene mutation testing is recommended for prostate cancer patients with early onset, low initial PSA, metastasis or early resistance to castration therapy.

AbstractObjective: To investigate the effect of the axon guidance factor Netrin-1 on the expression of VEGFA in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL) and its related mechanism., Methods: ELISA assays were applied to detect the levels of Netrin-1 and VEGFA in the bone marrow (BM) samples from children in the T-ALL and control group. The level of Netrin-1 and VEGFA were compared between control children and patients, and the liner correlation between Netrin-1 and VEGFA was analyzed. The T-ALL cells Jurkat and Molt-4 were culture in vitro, and the cells were treated with different concentration of Netrin-1 (0, 25, 50, 100 ng/ml) for 24 h, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the VEGFA expression in Jurkat, Molt-4 cells. The expression of Netrin-1 receptors in T-ALL cells was detected by qRT-PCR and the interaction between Netrin-1 and receptor in each cells was detected by co-IP. Furthermore, Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation level of key prateins of AKT signal transduction pathway including Akt and mTOR in T-ALL cells treated with Netrin-1 (100 ng/ml). The expression of VEGFA and phosphorylation of AKT pathway transducers were detected by Western blot, after T-ALL cells treated with Netrin-1 (100 ng/ml) combined with inhibitors specific to Akt or mTOR., Results: The expression level of Netrin-1 and VEGFA in T-ALL patients BM samples were both signi-ficantly higher than that of control group. And the expression level of Netrin-1 was positively correlated with that of VEGFA（r2=0974). With the increase of Netrin-1 concentration, the expression level of VEGFA also increased(P<0.05）. Netrin-1 interacted with its receptor, integrin-β4 at the Netrin-1 concentration of 100 ng/ml. Further, the treatment of Netrin-1 could increase the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, which were the key transducers of AKT pathway. After treatment of T-ALL cells with Netrin-1 (100 ng/mL) and Akt inhibitor, the expression of VEGFA and phosphorylation of Akt or mTOR decreased. When the cells were treated with Netrin-1(100 ng/ml) and mTOR inbititor, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and the expression of VEGFA decreased, the phosphorylation level of Akt increased., Conclusion: The expression of Netrin-1 and VEGFA in bone marrow of childred with T-ALL were abnormal, and there was a linear relationship between them. Netrin-1 can interact with its receptor, integrin-β4 and activate AKT transduction pathway to elevate the expression of VEGFA in T-ALL cells.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of maternal group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization and neonatal early-onset GBS disease (GBS-EOD), and to study the factors associated with the development of GBS-EOD in the offspring of pregnant women with GBS colonization., Methods: A total of 16 384 pregnant women and 16 634 neonates delivered by them were enrolled prospectively who had medical records in Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Capital Medical University, and Zhangzhou Zhengxing Hospital from May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020. Unified GBS screening time, culture method, and indication for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) were adopted in the three hospitals. The incidence rates of maternal GBS colonization and neonatal GBS-EOD were investigated. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the development of GBS-EOD in the offspring of pregnant women with GBS colonization., Results: In these three hospitals, the positive rate of GBS culture among the pregnant women in late pregnancy was 11.29% (1 850/16 384), and the incidence rate of neonatal GBS-EOD was 0.96‰ (16/16 634). The admission rate of live infants born to the GBS-positive pregnant women was higher than that of those born to the GBS-negative ones ( P <0.05). The live infants born to the GBS-positive pregnant women had a higher incidence rate of GBS-EOD than those born to the GBS-negative ones [6.38‰ (12/1 881) vs 0.27‰ (4/14 725), P <0.05]. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that placental swabs positive for GBS and positive GBS in neonatal gastric juice at birth were independent predictive factors for the development of GBS-EOD ( P <0.05), while adequate IAP was a protective factor ( P <0.05) in the offspring of pregnant women with GBS colonization., Conclusions: GBS colonization of pregnant women in late pregnancy has adverse effects on their offspring. It is important to determine prenatal GBS colonization status of pregnant women and administer with adequate IAP based on the indications of IAP to reduce the incidence of neonatal GBS-EOD. Citation .

Objective: To analyze the hub genes affecting the solely bone marrow relapse of childish acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)., Methods: The high-throughput RNA sequencing data were downloaded from TCGA database, the differentially expressed genes were screened by DESeq2 package of R, and the differentially expressed genes were grouped by GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Further, the data of STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct protein interaction network, screen hub genes and highly interaction protein sub network, perform GO and KEGG analysis of the hub genes and protein sub network respectively. JASPAR database was used to screen the upstream transcription factor of the hub gene promoter. Survival analysis based on the expression of hub genes was performed with clinical information attached to TCGA database. The bone marrow samples and clinical data of the patients were collected, the analysis results of hub genes were verified through clinical samples., Results: 847 differentially expressed genes were collected, including 813 up-regulated genes, 34 down-regulated genes, 11 hub genes were screened out. The results of survival analysis showed that RPS5、RPS15、RPL23、RPL35、RPS8、RPS27A、RPS3、RPL9、RPS21、RPS7 and RPL38 showed significant effect on the survival of the children, and ZNF460 might be involved in their regulation. The high expressions of RPS3, RPS15, RPS8, RPS27A, and RPS21 had been verified in clinical samples of solely bone marrow relapsed patients., Conclusion: RPS3, RPS15, RPS8, RPS27A, RPS21 can be used as biomarkers to indicate the malignant event of solely bone marrow relapse, which may be regulated by ZNF460.

Viruses are among the main pathogens of pulmonary infection and tend to cause pandemics of viral pneumonia. Severe viral pneumonia tends to be accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) manifestations, displaying highly specific clinical symptoms that are most prominently expressed in the circulatory system. Shock occurred rarely, it occured at a rather late stage in this outbreak of viral pneumonia. However, because of the extensive use of critical care ultrasound, we have a deeper understanding of the characteristics of acute circulatory disorder caused by severe viral pneumonia, prompting us to reflect more thoroughly about circulatory disorders caused by other types of infections. In general, acute circulatory disorder is not uncommon in severe viral pneumonia in this outbreak, and is characterized by vascular damage, volume disorder and cardiac abnormalities of three types, high stress state, acute right ventricular dysfunction and diffuse cardiac inhibition. In the case of poor management in the early stage, these acute circulatory disorders may develop into shock, or directly cause or aggravate other organ dysfunction, for example, acute kidney injury, exacerbating the adverse outcomes. This has allowed us to reflect more thoroughly on the occurrence and development of acute circulatory disorders caused by other infections. Therefore, the classification of acute circulatory disorders based on the modular assessment of critical care ultrasound will help promote better understanding of acute circulatory disorders and further research., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To investigate the changes in the size of the penis after radical prostatectomy (RP) and the possible influencing factors., Methods: This study included 45 cases of RP for PCa performed by the same surgeon from January to June 2019. Before and at 2 weeks after surgery, we measured the stretched penile length (SPL), flaccid penile length (FPL) and penile circumference of the patients. We conducted an IIEF-5 questionnaire investigation on the preoperative characteristics of the patients and their attitudes towards postoperative penile rehabilitation. We also analyzed the factors associated with the postoperative changes in the size of the penis., Results: Compared with the baseline, the postoperative SPL (［9.72 ± 1.87］ vs ［7.80 ± 1.57］ cm, P = 0), FPL (［6.26 ± 1.14］ vs ［5.13 ± 1.10］ cm, P = 0) and penile circumference (［7.69 ± 0.83］ vs ［7.26 ± 0.78］ cm, P = 0.012) were decreased significantly, by (1.92 ± 0.12) cm, (1.13 ± 0.09) cm and (0.43 ± 0.08) cm, respectively. The age of the patients was significantly correlated with the change of the FPL (P = 0.042), but not the other factors with the change of the penile size. Twenty-six (57.7%) cases of severe and moderate ED were observed in the patients postoperatively. Those with better preoperative sexual function took a more positive attitude towards penile rehabilitation and treatment postoperatively (n = 3, 75.0%)., Conclusions: The penile size of the PCa patient is decreased markedly after radical prostatectomy, with a significant correlation between the patient's age and the postoperative change of the flaccid penile length. The patients with better preoperative sexual function are more likely to seek penile rehabilitation and treatment postoperatively.

Objective: To study the safety of two ventilator weaning strategies after high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in preterm infants., Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted for 101 preterm infants with NRDS, with a gestational age of ≤32 +6 weeks or a birth weight of ≤1 500 g, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. The infants underwent HFOV as the preferred treatment. The infants were randomly divided into an observation group (50 infants with direct weaning from HFOV) and a control group (51 infants with weaning after HFOV was switched to conventional mechanical ventilation). The two groups were compared in terms of failure rate of ventilator weaning within 72 hours, changes in blood gas parameters at 2 hours before weaning and at 2 and 24 hours after weaning, respiratory support therapy, incidence rates of complications, and outcome at discharge., Results: There was no significant difference in the failure rate of ventilator weaning within 72 hours (8% vs 14%, P > 0.05). The observation group had a significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation than the control group [(64±39) hours vs (88±69) hours, P < 0.05]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of mechanical ventilation, total oxygen supply time, blood gas parameters before and after ventilator weaning, incidence rates of complications, and outcome at discharge ( P > 0.05)., Conclusions: For preterm infants with NRDS, the strategy of weaning directly from HFOV is safe and reliable and can reduce the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.

This study aimed to prepare evodiamine-glycyrrhizic acid(EVO-GL) micelles to enhance the anti-hepatic fibrosis activity of evodiamine. Firstly, EVO-GL micelles were prepared with use of thin film dispersion method. With particle size, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity of micelles and the solubility of evodiamine as the indexes, the effect of different factors on micelles was observed to screen the optimal preparation methods and process. Then the pharmaceutical properties and the therapeutic effects of EVO-GL micelles prepared by optimal process were evaluated on CCl&#95;4-induced hepatic fibrosis. The results showed that the micelles prepared by the thin film dispersion method had an even size, with an average particle size of(130.80±12.40)nm, Zeta potential of(-41.61±3.12) mV, encapsulation efficiency of 91.23%±1.22%, drug loading of 8.42%±0.71%, high storage stability at 4 ℃ in 3 months, and slow in vitro release. Experimental results in the treatment of CCl&#95;4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats showed that EVO-GL micelles had a synergistic anti-hepatic fibrosis effect, which significantly reduced the liver function index of hepatic fibrosis rats. In conclusion, the EVO-GL micelles prepared with glycyrrhizic acid as a carrier would have a potential application prospect for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.

Artemisinin is a kind of sesquiterpene lactone containing endoperoxide bridge,which is the most effective anti-malarial drug at present. However,low content of artemisinin in Artemisia annua,ranging from 0. 1%-1. 0% of dry weight,as well as the complicated extraction process have resulted in low yield and high cost of artemisinin,making it difficult to meet market demand.Based on the development of high-throughput sequencing and molecular biology,the related enzyme genes and transcription factors involved in the artemisinin metabolic pathway were cloned and identified. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology methods to modify the original metabolic pathway of A. annua and genetic engineering in heterologous host cells have become one of the hotspots in this field. Therefore,the molecular mechanism of artemisin biosynthesis,different strategies of genetic modifications of A. annua,and the research status and application prospect of artemisinin synthesis in heterologous host cells( Nicotiana benthamiana,Physcomitrella patens) were summarized in our review,hoping to provide molecular basis and theoretical basis for breeding new varieties of A. annua with high artemisinin output.

Objective: To investigate the attitudes of prostate cancer (PCa) patients towards postoperative penile rehabilitation and their influencing factors., Methods: Seventy-nine PCa patients underwent radical prostatectomy from January through June 2017 and all received a questionnaire investigation before surgery on IIEF-5 and their attitudes towards postoperative penile rehabilitation. We analyzed the reasons for the patients' rejection of postoperative penile rehabilitation., Results: Totally 56 (71%) of the patients accepted and the other 23 (29%) refused postoperative penile rehabilitation. The factors influencing their attitudes towards penile rehabilitation mainly included age (P = 0.023), income (P = 0.040), tumor stage (P = 0.044), and preoperative sexual activity (P = 0.004). The patients who accepted penile rehabilitation had significantly higher IIEF-5 scores than those who refused it (14.75 ± 0.88 vs 8.48 ± 1.16, P = 0.000 2). During the follow-up period, only 29 (36.7%) of the patients bought the vacuum erection device but not the other 50 (63.3%). The tumor stage (P = 0.004), income (P < 0.01) and preoperative androgen-deprivation therapy (P = 0.039) significantly influenced the patients' decision on the purchase of the device. Relevant admission education achieved a 45% decrease in the number of the patients unwilling to accept penile rehabilitation for worrying about its negative effect on cancer treatment, a 25% decrease in those rejecting penile rehabilitation because of age, and a 20% decrease in those refusing it due to the tumor stage. The cost of treatment was an important reason for the patients' rejection of postoperative penile rehabilitation., Conclusions: The tumor stage and income are the main factors influencing PCa patients' decision on postoperative penile rehabilitation. Relevant admission education and reduced cost of rehabilitation are important for popularization of postoperative penile rehabilitation in PCa patients.

Objective: To predict the incidence of lung cancer in Jiashan county from 2017 to 2019 on the basis of the incidence rates of lung cancer during 1987-2016., Methods: Lung cancer incident cases were derived from cancer registry system of Jiashan. Crude incidence, age-standardized incidence rate by the Chinese standard population (ASR China) and the world standard population (ASR world) were calculated. Annual percent change (APC) was used to examine the temporal trend, and the autoregressive integrated moving average method (ARIMA) of time series model was used to predict the incidence rates from 2017 to 2019., Results: There were 6103 lung cancer incident cases during 1987-2016 in Jiashan county. Averagely, the crude incidence rate, ASR China and ASR world were 53.77/10 5 , 25.24/10 5 and 34.15/10 5 , respectively. The crude incidence rate, ASR China and ASR world in male were 78.30/10 5 , 34.77/10 5 and 51.87/10 5 , which were higher than those in female (29.15/10 5 , 14.31/10 5 and 17.99/10 5 ). Crude incidence rate increased from 27.58/10 5 in 1987 to 111.24/10 5 in 2016, and the APC was 5.28%. Crude incidence rate predicted by ARIMA model from 2017 to 2019 would be 135.64/10 5 , 145.97/10 5 and 152.63/10 5 , and the predicted crude incidence rate for 2017 was close to the real incidence rate in 2017 (135.95/10 5 )., Conclusions: The incidence of lung cancer in Jiashan has been increased dramatically over the past 30 years and will continue to increase in the future.

Purpose: To investigate the related risk factors of temporomandibular disorders(TMD), and to provide evidences for clinical prevention., Methods: One hundred and nine TMD patients were included in the study as case group, while 109 people with no TMJ symptoms and signs were selected randomly as control group. All subjects fulfilled questionaires. Logistics regression analysis was used to analyze the data with SPSS 22.0 software package., Results: Females patients were more common than males, with 20~29 age group accounting for 44%. The proportions of patients with habits of bruxism or clenching, unilateral mastication and maxillofacial injure history were significantly greater than those of control group (P<0.05). The proportions of patients with life stress and habits of stay-up late, chewing hard food and orthodontic treatment history showed no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05)., Conclusions: TMD has a higher prevalence in female than in male, with a peak incidence in 20-29 age group. Habits of bruxism or clenching, unilateral mastication and maxillofacial injury history may be risk factors of TMD, while life stress, habits of stay-up late, chewing hard food and orthodontic treatments show no significant correlation with TMD.

Objective: To evaluate the mid-term clinical outcome of endoscopic greater saphenous vein harvesting (EVH) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Method A total of 205 patients receiving off-pump CABG between July, 2012 and April, 2013 at our department were enrolled in this study, including 66 patients (35 male and 31 female patients with a mean age of 60.3±7.92 years) undergoing EVH and 139 patients (109 male and 30 female patients with a mean age of 59.20±8.37 years) undergoing open greater saphenous vein harvesting (OVH)., Results: The surgical procedures were completed smoothly in all the cases. The perioperative mortality rates was 3.03% (2/66) in EVH group, as compared with 3.60% (5/139) in OVH group (P=1.00). Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurred during the perioperative period in 3 (2.16%) patients in OVH group and in 1 (1.52%) patient in EVH group. Perioperative low cardiac output syndrome was diagnosed in 4 (2.88%) patients in OVH group and in 2 (3.03%) in EVH group (P>0.05). During the follow-up, 8 (8.80%) patients in OVH group and 5 (8.06%) in EVH group had recurrent angina (P=0.93). No patients experienced AMI during the follow-up. The 2-year patency rate of the venous grafts was 83.59% in OVH group and 82.22% in EVH group (P=0.73)., Conclusion: EVH has significant advantage in reducing the complications of the incision in the lower limbs. The mid-term patency rates of venous grafts are similar between OVH and EVH, but the long-term patency rate needs further evaluation.

Objective: To understand the endemic situation of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Yunnan Province by analyzing the polymorphism of the 72-76 amino-acid coding sequence within exon 2 region of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant transporter (Pfcrt) gene （referred to as the 72-76 coding region） in malaria patients., Methods: The filter paper blood samples and relative information of falciparum malaria cases were collected in 13 prefectures of Yunnan Province （excluding Diqing, Wenshan, Zhaotong prefectures） from August 2012 to September 2015. The source of infection was determined by epidemiological investigation and the place of case discovery was confirmed according to the endemic registration in the Infectious Diseases Reporting Manage System, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The exon2 region of Pfcrt gene was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced. The polymorphism of the 72-76 coding region was analyzed with MEGA 5.04. The variable sites and genetic distance between sequences were calculated. The constituent ratio of the polymorphism in sub-populations was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software., Results: Two hundred and thirty-two blood samples were collected in the period and source of infection included Yunnan of China, Africa and Myanma. Nested-PCR resulted in positive products in 210 samples. Sequence analysis showed the presence of chloroquine-sensitive genotype（CVMNK）（15.2%, 32/210） and mutated chloroquine-resistant genotype（CVIET, SVMNT and CVMNT）（76.2%, 160/210; 6.7%, 14/210; 1.9%, 4/210） 72-76 coding regions. The proportion of the CVMNK type was 100%（32/32） in cases with the range of 19-55 years, 46.9% （15/32） in farmers, and 59.4% （19/32） in patients with infection source in Southeast Asia, all significantly higher than those of other cases in the same groups（0; 31.3%, 10/32; and 37.5%, 12/32 respectively, χ2=13.674, 8.478, 6.292, P<0.05）. The proportion of the CVIET and SVMNT genotypes in patients with infection source in Myanma and Cambodia was 81.3%（130/160） and 78.6%（11/14） respectively, significantly higher than those in patients with infection source in Yunnan Province（6.3%, 10/160; 21.4%, 3/14）（χ2=6.519 and 6.620, P<0.05）. In samples with Africa infection source, the proportion of CVIET was 12.5%（20/160）, with no detection of SVMNT. There was a 145 bp homologous locus among the 210 exon2 regions, of which the conservative sites accounted for 95.2%（138/145） and variable sites for 4.8%（7/145）. The genetic distance between the 210 sequences ranged 0.000-0.036（0.012±0.005）. The genetic distances from genotypes CVIET, SVMNT and CVMNT to the chloroquine-sensitive genotype CVMNK were（0.029±0.015）, （0.021±0.013） and （0.014±0.001） respectively. 178 cases with chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum distributed in all the 13 prefectures. Among them, the regions with top detection rate of chloroquine-resistant genotypes were Dehong（51.7%, 92/178）, Baoshan（24.7%, 44/178） and Lincang（5.6%, 10/178） bordering on Myanmar and Kunming (4.5%, 8/178)., Conclusion: There are three chloroquine-resistant genotypes of the 72-76 coding region in falciparum malaria cases in Yunnan Province, which distribute in 81.3%（13/16） of prefectures in the Province.

Objective: To estimate the cost of dog deworming in Daofu, Sichuan Province and analyze the factors influencing the cost, in order to provide a scientific basis for the investment for echinococcosis control., Methods: Thirty villages were randomly selected in Daofu, Sichuan Province in November 2015, according to the proportion of agricultural and pastoral areas. Data concerning the cost during each step of dog deworming were collected. The unit cost was estimated, the cost composition in each step, element, and institution were described, and the main cost-influencing factors were analyzed using the linear regression method., Results: The mean cost of dog deworming in the 30 surveyed villages was 3.76 yuan/dog-times, comprising drug cost of 0.38 yuan/dog-times, bait cost of 0.37 yuan/dog-times, drug delivery cost of 0.09 yuan/dog-times, mobilization cost of 0.19 yuan/dog-times, household deworming cost of 2.05 yuan/dog-times, faeces disposal cost of 0.35 yuan/dog-times, training cost of 0.29 yuan/dog-times, and supervision cost of 0.04 yuan/dog-times. Among the deworming steps, household deworming cost occupied the most （2.05 yuan/dog-times）; among the cost elements, labour cost had the highest proportion （2.55 yuan/dog-times）; among the different-leveled institutions, village-level cost was the most important part（2.82 yuan/dog-times）. Linear regression analysis revealed that the type of production and the distance among households were the major influencing factors. The labour price was the most sensitive factor for cost-estimation in the dog deworming activities., Conclusion: The labor cost of dog deworming is very high. Governments should increase investment according to local situations.

Objective: To extract two kinds of phenols 4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxy-4-(2-oxopropyl) cyclohexa-2, 5-dien-l-one and 6-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxy coumarin (named as I and H compounds respectively) from Ajania salicifolia and to investigate their antioxidation and cytotoxicity to tumors and explore their pro-apoptosis mechanism., Methods: The antioxidant activities of two compounds were assessed by ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging assays. Two compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells using the MIT assay. The expression of NF-kappaB P65 mRNA in K562 apoptotic cells was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR. In addition, protein expression levels of the NF-ICB P65, p-Akt, Fas, P-catenina and E-cadherin were also measured by Western blot., Results: (1) We found that compound I displayed significant inoxidizability, while compound II had no obvious antioxidizability. (2) In cytotoxicity experiments, compound I didn't display cytotoxicity while compound H displayed obvious cytotoxicity. (3) Compared with the blank group, the expression of NF-kappaB P65 mRNA in K562 cell after treatment with compound II was obviously up-regulated. (4) Compared with the blank group, the expression levels of NF-kappaB P65, Fas, beta-catenina and E-cadherin were significantly increased in compound II treated groups and it appeared obvious dose-effect relationship between the expression of protein and drug concentration., Conclusion: Two phenols have obvious antioxidizability and cytotoxicity respectively. On the one hand, the tumor-suppressing mechanism of compound II maybe act by up-regulation the expression of NF-kappaB P65 and Fas protein; thereby, affecting the classical Fas apoptosis signaling pathways. On the other hand, it can also up-regulate the expression of protein beta-catenin and E-cadherin, which participate in the adhesion between cells, and accordingly, playing an important role in preventing the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells.

Objective: To evaluate clinical factors affecting Gleason score upgrade in patients receiving radical prostatectomy (RP)., Methods: A total of 322 patients with prostate cancer who received RP from January 2012 to December 2013 at Department of Urology at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were included, and their data of age, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, percentage core, clinical staging, pathological characteristics, biopsy Gleason score and RP Gleason score were analyzed. Differences in categorical variables and continuous variables were compared using χ² tests and Student's t-test, respectively. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95% CI of the association of Gleason score upgrade with clinical factors., Results: Gleason score upgrade occurred in 107 of 322 (33.3%) patients. There was no difference in age, BMI and clinical staging between the two groups. Compared with patients without Gleason score upgrade, higher levels of PSA (χ² =6.740, P=0.034), smaller prostate volume (t=3.481, P=0.002) and elevated percentage core (t=-2.097, P=0.037) were observed in patients with Gleason score upgrade. In addition, lymph node metastasis (χ² =4.193, P=0.041) and extracapsular extension (χ² =4.747, P=0.029) were more common in patients with Gleason score upgrade. After adjusting for potential confounders, PSA levels (OR=2.451, 95% CI: 1.290-4.660), prostate volume (OR=0.982, 95% CI: 0.969-0.995) and percentage core (OR=2.756, 95% CI: 1.033-7.357) were independent predictors for Gleason score upgrade., Conclusion: Gleason score upgrade happens at a relatively high rate. PSA levels, prostate volume and percentage core are important factors affecting Gleason score upgrade.

Objective: To evaluate the alterations in renal function after radical nephrectomy (RN) and partial nephrectomy (PN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to determine the risk factors for the onset of postoperative renal function impairment., Methods: We assessed the renal function of 429 T1a RCC patients by investigating the time-dependent changes of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after surgery from August 2003 to August 2010. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to determine the risk factors for the onset of an eGFR < 60 ml · min⁻¹ · 1.73 m⁻² function, and to evaluate the prognosis for the two groups., Results: The mean eGFR values (ml · min⁻¹ · 1.73 m⁻²) at postoperative 1, 7 days, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months were 51.4 ± 12.6, 52.1 ± 17.8, 53.2 ± 19.5, 54.6 ± 20.2, 53.8 ± 16.6, 52.7 ± 22.3 and 51.5 ± 18.4 in the RN group and 69.6 ± 18.3, 70.3 ± 19.5, 71.5 ± 21.4, 76.2 ± 22.8, 75.4 ± 19.7, 74.3 ± 16.3 and 73.1 ± 23.2 in the PN group, respectively. The eGFR of the radical nephrectomy group was significantly lower than that of the partial nephrectomy group (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed that radical nephrectomy and age were risk factors for the onset of postoperative chronic renal dysfunction., Conclusions: Renal function recovered partially after partial and radical nephrectomy and is maintained constantly after 3 months. Surgical mode and age are risk factors for the onset of postoperative eGFR < 60 ml · min⁻¹ · 1.73 m⁻² impairment. Compared with radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy can preserve renal function and reduce the incidence of postoperative chronic renal dysfunction.

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) combined with pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage (NPH)., Methods: A total of 122 neonates diagnosed with NPH between January 2010 and June 2014 were enrolled. After being stratified by gestational age, the neonates were randomly divided into treatment (HFOV+PS) and control (HFOV alone) groups (n=61 each). Both groups were treated with HFOV after the onset of NPH. After 2-4 hours of HFOV treatment, the treatment group received PS via intratracheal injections, followed by continuous use of HFOV. Dynamic changes in the blood gas, oxygenation index (OI), and PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) values of the neonates were determined before HFOV treatment and after 6, 12, and 24 hours of HFOV treatment. The time to hemostasis, duration of ventilation, incidence of complications, and cure rate were compared between groups., Results: After 6, 12, and 24 hours of HFOV treatment, the treatment group had significantly improved PaO2, PaCO2, O/I, and P/F values compared with the control group (P<0.05). The time to hemostasis and the duration of ventilation were significantly shorter in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.01), and the incidence of complications was lower in the former than in the latter (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the cure rate between the treatment (87%) and control (82%) groups (P>0.05)., Conclusions: HFOV combined with PS is an effective treatment to improve oxygenation, shorten the time to hemostasis and the duration of ventilation, and reduce the incidence of complications in neonates with NPH. However, the dual therapy is unable to reduce the mortality of neonates compared with HFOV monotherapy.

Prostate cancer is a currently common disease in Chinese male. The incidence is increasing rapidly in urban area and the mortality is high in rural area. According to characteristics of disease stage, advancement in early diagnosis of prostate cancer is the key to improve prostate cancer survival in China. Because of the remarkable disparity in economic and health care across mainland China, a selective prostate cancer screen approach may be a better alternative to spread. Therefore, indepth researches in optimization of prostate specific antigen screen and validation biomarkers of aggressive prostate cancer should be advocated. Furthermore, physicians should take a more active role in population education.

Objective: To investigate the impact of androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) expression on overall survival for patients with metastatic prostate cancer., Methods: The data of 113 diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer patients from January 2002 to June 2010 were collected retrospectively, including patient's age at diagnosis, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis,Gleason score, clinical stage, PSA nadir during hormonal therapy, the time to PSA nadir, vital status, survival time and cause of death. The expression of AR-V7 in prostate cancer tissue was detected by using immunohistochemical staining. The correlation of AR-V7 expression and patient clinicopathological characteristics in all patients were analysed using Student t-test or Chi-square test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the predictive role of AR-V7 expression and patient characteristics for overall survival., Results: The median PSA nadir was 0.7 µg/L (ranged from 0.0 to 143.0 µg/L). The median time to PSA nadir was 8.1 months (ranged from 0.9 to 71.0 months). The follow-up was performed until March 12, 2014. During the follow-up period, 67 of 113 metastatic prostate cancer patients (59.3%) died and the median overall survival was 96 months (ranged from 5 to 135 months). The AR-V7 detection rate was 20.4% (23/113). The serum PSA level in patients with positively expression of AR-V7 was significantly higher than that without AR-V7 expression (t = 2.521, P = 0.013). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the expression of AR-V7 (HR = 2.421, P = 0.002) and time to PSA nadir (HR = 1.019, P = 0.022) were independent prognostic factors of overall survival for metastatic prostate cancer patients., Conclusions: The expression of AR-V7 in prostate cancer tissues and time to PSA nadir during hormonal therapy are independent prognostic factors of overall survival for metastatic prostate cancer patients. Therapy targeting AR-V7 may improve prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the influence of anthropometric measures of obesity, including body mass index (BMI), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue, on pathological characteristics in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer., Methods: From January 2006 to March 2013, the 413 patients of prostate cancer who received radical prostatectomy (RP) and their clinical and pathological data had been collected. The median age for the entire cohort was 68 years, which ranged from 48 to 78 years. All patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer before surgery and the Gleason score ranged from 4 to 10 (median 7). Anthropometric measures of abdominal adiposity including anterior abdominal fat, posterior abdominal fat and anteroposterior diameter were measured from the T2 weighted sagittal localization images of MRI scans and subcutaneous adipose tissue and the percentage of visceral adipose tissue were calculated. The patients' clinical and pathologic characteristics across BMI groups were compared used Student's t test for continuous variables or chi-squared test for categorical variables. Moreover, univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to address the influence of anthropometric measures of obesity on pathological outcomes., Results: The BMI ranged from 14.2 to 34.0 kg/m(2) and the median value was 23.8 kg/m(2). The abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue ranged from 12.6 to 60.3 mm and the median value was 31.4 mm. The percentage of visceral adipose tissue ranged from 71.1% to 92.1% and the median value was 83.8%. In RP specimens, Gleason score ≥ 8 was observed in 141 patients (34.1%), pathological tumor stage was T3a in 69 patients (16.7%) and pathological tumor stage was T3b in 78 patients (18.9%). Positive surgical margin and lymph node involvement were observed in 71(17.2%) and 38(9.2%) patients, respectively. Although univariate analysis showed that BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) was associated with pathological Gleason score ≥ 8 (OR = 1.413, P = 0.035), this positive correlation disappeared in multivariate analysis(P = 0.095). In multivariate analysis, the percentage of visceral adipose tissue was significantly associated with pathological Gleason score (OR = 9.618, P = 0.000), extracapsular extension (OR = 6.750, P = 0.002) and seminal vesicle invasion (OR = 4.419, P = 0.007) after adjusting for patient age, PSA level, clinical stage and biopsy Gleason score., Conclusions: Anthropometric measures of abdominal adiposity was more sophisticated than simple BMI to evaluate the risk of obesity with regard to the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. The percentage of visceral adipose tissue was an independent factor for pathological Gleason score, extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion in RP specimens.

Watershed water environment pollution model is the important tool for studying watershed environmental problems. Through the quantitative description of the complicated pollution processes of whole watershed system and its parts, the model can identify the main sources and migration pathways of pollutants, estimate the pollutant loadings, and evaluate their impacts on water environment, providing a basis for watershed planning and management. This paper reviewed the watershed water environment models widely applied at home and abroad, with the focuses on the models of pollutants loading (GWLF and PLOAD), water quality of received water bodies (QUAL2E and WASP), and the watershed models integrated pollutant loadings and water quality (HSPF, SWAT, AGNPS, AnnAGNPS, and SWMM), and introduced the structures, principles, and main characteristics as well as the limitations in practical applications of these models. The other models of water quality (CE-QUAL-W2, EFDC, and AQUATOX) and watershed models (GLEAMS and MIKE SHE) were also briefly introduced. Through the case analysis on the applications of single model and integrated models, the development trend and application prospect of the watershed water environment pollution models were discussed.

Objective: To explore the effect of toxicity of sunitinib on the clinical outcome of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ., Methods: A total of 136 patients with advanced RCC were treated with sunitinib from 2008 to 2011. There were 91 males and 45 females with an average age of 56 years. Their 6-week therapy cycle was 4 weeks of sunitinib 50 mg daily followed by 2-week off-treatment (schedule 4/2). The median follow-up time was 15 months. Correlation between toxicities and overall survival (OS) was evaluated in a Cox model using log-transformed levels after adjusting for MSKCC model.Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard model were used to assess the value of drug toxicity as the prognostic factors., Results: The increased hemoglobin on cycle 1 day 14 (HR:0.950, 95%CI:0.923-0.978) and the increased lymphocytes on cycle 1 days 28 and 42 (HR:0.405, 95%CI:0.203-0.809, HR:0.394, 95%CI:0.179-0.867) were significantly associated with OS (P adj = 0.001, 0.014 and 0.022 respectively). Hypertension class III/IV (HR:0.066, 95%CI:0.008-0.582), and the number of neutrophils screening and lymphocyte count ratio (HR:2.537, 95%CI:1.182-5.404) were the survival prognosis independent predictors., Conclusion: Early hematopoietic toxicities may potentially predict the outcomes of advanced RCC after a therapy of sunitinib.

Water body' s nitrate pollution has become a common and severe environmental problem. In order to ensure human health and water environment benign evolution, it is of great importance to effectively identify the nitrate pollution sources of water body. Because of the discrepant composition of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in different sources of nitrate in water body, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes can be used to identify the nitrate pollution sources of water environment. This paper introduced the fractionation factors of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in the main processes of nitrogen cycling and the composition of these stable isotopes in main nitrate sources, compared the advantages and disadvantages of five pre-treatment methods for analyzing the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in nitrate, and summarized the research advances in this aspect into three stages, i. e. , using nitrogen stable isotope alone, using nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes simultaneously, and combining with mathematical models. The future research directions regarding the nitrate pollution sources identification of water environment were also discussed.

Aptamers are capable of binding a wide range of biomolecular targets with high affinity and specificity. It has been widely developed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Because of unique three dimensional structures and cell-membrane penetration, aptamers inhibit virus infection not only through binding specific target, such as the viral envelope, genomic site, enzyme, or other viral components, but also can be connected to each other or with siRNA jointly achieve antiviral activity. Taking human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus as examples, this paper reviewed the effects and mechanisms of aptamers on disturbing viral infection and replication steps. It may provide an insight to the development of aptamer-based new antiviral drugs.