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The oncolytic virus (OV) therapy utilizes natural or genetically modified viruses to specifically target and infect tumor cells, leading to the destruction of cancer cells by the replication of the virus itself. This process also alters the immune microenvironment of the tumor transforming “cold” into “hot”, and mobilizes the body's immune system. The effectiveness of oncolytic viruses in anti-tumor therapy depends on factors such as the type of virus, host immunity and route of administration. Immunotherapy aims to activate the immune system and exert anti-tumor effect by relying on autoimmune function. With the development of genetic engineering technology, oncolytic viruses can enhance the anti-tumor effect through gene editing reconstruction, and can be used to treat tumors alone or in combination with other therapies. In view of the limited efficacy of single application of oncolytic virus therapy in clinic, the combination of oncolytic virus therapy and immunotherapy provides a new strategy for tumor treatment. This review started from the types of oncolytic viruses approved in the clinic, characteristics and its anti-tumor mechanisms. At the same time, it combed through the treatment of oncolytic viruses in the clinical trial stage, summarized the combined treatment strategies of oncolytic viruses, especially the combination of tumor immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT), and put forward some thoughts and prospects of oncolytic viruses in the anti-tumor treatment in combination with the experience accumulated by the project team in the research of oncolytic viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T cells are closely associated with tumor development and the homeostasis of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The co-receptors of immune checkpoints on the surface of T cells collectively regulate immune responses and can inhibit or kill tumor cells by secreting various substances, correcting and restoring impaired anti-tumor immune responses. In recent years, there has been some progress in targeted T cell therapy, but some new immune test targets are still being studied. This article focuses on the role of T cells in the regulation of colorectal cancer (CRC) and TME, the mechanism of immune resistance to CRC and its targeted therapy, and discusses the relevant effects of T cells on the occurrence and development of CRC and the application prospect of targeted T cell therapy for CRC.

The oncolytic virus (OV) therapy utilizes natural or genetically modified viruses to specifically target and infect tumor cells, leading to the destruction of cancer cells by the replication of the virus itself. This process also alters the immune microenvironment of the tumor transforming “cold” into “hot”, and mobilizes the body's immune system. The effectiveness of oncolytic viruses in anti-tumor therapy depends on factors such as the type of virus, host immunity and route of administration. Immunotherapy aims to activate the immune system and exert anti-tumor effect by relying on autoimmune function. With the development of genetic engineering technology, oncolytic viruses can enhance the anti-tumor effect through gene editing reconstruction, and can be used to treat tumors alone or in combination with other therapies. In view of the limited efficacy of single application of oncolytic virus therapy in clinic, the combination of oncolytic virus therapy and immunotherapy provides a new strategy for tumor treatment. This review started from the types of oncolytic viruses approved in the clinic, characteristics and its anti-tumor mechanisms. At the same time, it combed through the treatment of oncolytic viruses in the clinical trial stage, summarized the combined treatment strategies of oncolytic viruses, especially the combination of tumor immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT), and put forward some thoughts and prospects of oncolytic viruses in the anti-tumor treatment in combination with the experience accumulated by the project team in the research of oncolytic viruses.

Human γδ T cells are a subtype of T cells with innate and adaptive characteristics, playing important roles in immune responses, infections, and tumor killing. They have emerged as promising candidates for tumor immunotherapy and adoptive cell therapy in recent years. Umbilical cord blood is rich in various lymphoid progenitor cells, characterized by low immunogenicity, and also contains γδ T cells, making it a potential candidate source for γδ T cell immunotherapy. This review discusses the current research progress on umbilical cord blood γδ T cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant brain tumors, including primary and metastatic brain tumors, have extremely poor prognosis. Immunotherapy is an emerging tumor treatment method, in which cell adoptive therapy represented by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can play a certain role in the treatment of various types of cancer. However, due to the special tumor microenvironment of the brain, there is still controversy about the therapeutic effect of TILs on malignant brain tumors, and there is currently relatively little review in this field. This article reviews the immune microenvironment of brain tumors, the role of TILs in malignant brain tumors, and the latest progress in the application of TILs in immunotherapy of malignant brain tumors, based on literature reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell therapy is an emerging therapy different from traditional drug therapy, among which immune cells and mesenchymal stem cells are the two types of most promising cells in the treatment of liver diseases at present, and preliminary results have been achieved for their therapeutic effects. This article summarizes the advances in cell therapy in the field of liver diseases, analyzes the challenges and coping strategies of different cell therapies, and discusses the application prospects of cell therapy in liver-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Sciencepaper is the property of China Sciencepaper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Liver cancer is a serious global health problem and a common cause of cancer-related death. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common pathological type of liver cancer. The clinical symptoms of early HCC tend to be not obvious and 50% of HCC patients are already in the advanced stage by the time they are diagnosed. Systemic therapy is recommended for the treatment of advanced HCC. With the development of molecular targeted drugs (sorafenib and lenvatinib), some progress has been made in the systemic treatment of advanced HCC, but there is only modest benefit for the survival of HCC patients. In recent years, the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors has changed the overall outlook of HCC treatment, providing more possibilities for precise treatment of HCC and showing better treatment outcomes. In particular, the combination therapy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab significantly improved the survival outcomes in HCC patients. In addition, adoptive cell therapy, tumor vaccine, oncolytic viruses, and nonspecific immunotherapy have also emerged as strategies for immunotherapy. Herein, the status quo and development of HCC immunotherapy are reviewed., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and currently ranks the fourth in morbidity rate and the second in mortality rate in China. At present, the main clinical treatmentmethod is surgical treatment and other treatments, such as interventional therapy, local radiotherapy and chemotherapy, serve as supplementary treatment methods. However, due to the occult incidence of liver cancer, most patients have entered the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and lack effective treatment methods, resulting in low overall survival rate, high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy, especially cellular immunotherapy, as an emerging cancer treatment method, can directly kill tumor cells or stimulate the anti-tumor immune response by isolating and activating immune effector cells. Common methods include chimeric antigen receptor T cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cytokine-induced killer cells, etc. Recently, cellular immunotherapy has become a research hotspot because it can enhance the immune function, reduce the recurrence rate and prolong the survival time of patients. This article reviews the advances in the study of cellular immunotherapy in the clinical application of liver cancer.