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Objective The aim of this manuscript is to observe the expression of Vimentin，CTGF and AQP5 in the malignant transformation model which established in vitro to mimic the chronic exposure of alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells to Yunnan Tin mine smelting dust．Methods Immortalized alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells （RLE-6TN） were set into three groups. One group was exposed to high concentration of Yunnan Tin mine smelting dust （200 mg/L） and another group was exposed to low concentration of Yunnan Tin mine smelting dust （50 mg/ L） . Both the two groups were exposed to high and low concentration during 1，3，5，7，9 cycles of 72 h. The control group was not treated by the dust. From the 10th cycle， all cells were transmitted routinely until anchorage independent growth were determined. The ultrastructure of RLE-6TN cells were observed by electron microscope. Immunocytochemistry （ICC） and western blot （WB） were used to test the expression of SP-B， SP-C， Vimentin、CTGF， AQP5．Results According to the changes of cell morphology， the result of anchorage independent growth test and the expression of SP-B，SP-C，we find that the ultrastructure of RLE-6TN could be injured by the dust. At the same time， statistics analysis shows a significant difference could be found between cloning efficiency and cell cycles （ ＜0.01），while there is no statistic relative between cloning efficiency and dust concentration （ ＞0.05） . Immunocytochemistry （ICC） and western blot （WB） results were SP- C （-） SP- B （-） CTGF （+） Vimentin （-） AQP5 （-） in both two concentration groups while SP- C （+） SP- B （+） CTGF （-） Vimentin （-） AQP5 （-） in control group．Conclusions Chronic exposure of alveolar epithelial typeⅡ cells to Yunnan Tin mine smelting dust could lead to RLE-6 TN cells malignant transformation in vitro and induce the expression of CTGF [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]