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Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To observe the effect of polysaccharide from Podocarpus macrophyllus（PSP）on xenograft tumor growth of liver cancer H22 cells in mice，and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods H22 tumor cells were subcutaneously inoculated into the right axilla of 54 Kunming mice to establish hepatocellular carcinoma transplanted tumor models. Then，tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into the high-dose，medium-dose and low-dose PSP groups （PSP-H，PSP-M，and PSP-L groups），as well as cytoxan（CTX），lentinan（LNT），and model groups，with 9 mice in while the spleen indices of the CTX and model groups decreased（all P<0. 05）. Compared with the model group，the spleen and thymus indices of PSP-L group，PSP-M group，PSP-H group，and LNT group increased，but the spleen index of the CTX group decreased（all P<0. 05）. Compared with the LNT group，the thymus index of the CTX group was reduced（P<0. 05）. Compared with the CTX group，the spleen and thymus indices of the PSP-L group，PSP-M group，PSP-H group，and LNT group increased（all P<0. 05）. Pathologically，the tumor cells in the model group grew well，and the number of tumor cells was large；they were clearly visible and closely arranged，and the nuclei were hyperchromatic with few necrotic cells. In the CTX group，the tumor cells decreased and were loosely arranged with different degrees of necrosis areas. In the LNT and all PSP groups，the tumor tissues were loose，tumor cells decreased accompanied with different degrees of necrotic area，and cell necrosis was more obvious in the PSP-H group. Compared with the control group，the proliferation abilities of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes increased in the rest of groups except the CTX group（all P<0. 05）. Compared with the model group，the proliferation ability of T lymphocytes of PSP-H and LNT groups and proliferation ability of B lymphocytes of PSP-M，PSP-H and LNT groups increased，but they decreased in the CTX group（all P<0. 05）. Compared with the CTX group，the proliferation abilities of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in all PSP groups improved significantly（all P<0. 05）. Compared with the control group，the serum level of IL-6 increased，while the levels of IL-2，TNF-α and INF-γ of the model group decreased（all P<0. 05）. Compared with the model group，the levels of IL-2，TNF- α and INF- γ of all PSP and LNT groups and the IL-2 of the CTX group increased， but the level of TNF-α of the CTX group decreased（all P<0. 05）. Compared with the LNT group，the level of IL- 2 increased in the PSP-H group（P<0. 05）. Compared with the CTX group，the levels of TNF-α and INF-γ of the PSP-L and PSP-M groups，and the levels of IL-2，TNF-α and INF-γ in the PSP-H group increased（all P<0. 05）. Conclusions PSP，especially the high dosage group，could inhibit the tumor growth in H22 tumor-bearing mice. The possible mechanism is that PSP improves the proliferation of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes，enhances the levels of serum cytokines of IL-2，TNF-α and INF-γ，and improves the immune function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: B lymphocytes, an important component of the immune system, participate in the regulation of bone metabolism, and play an important role in differentiation and development of osteoclasts. OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics and effect of B lymphocytes during osteoclast differentiation. METHODS: We searched CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and Web of Science for relevant literatures published from their inceptions to September 2020. The keywords included “osteoimmunology; B lymphocyte; osteoclast ” in Chinese and English, respectively. Irrelevant and repetitive literatures were excluded, and finally 58 articles were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Studies have shown that a variety of active substances in the body are involved in both regulating the differentiation of immune cells and the generation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. B lymphocytes may be involved in the formation of bone destruction and are related to the active stage of the disease. B lymphocytes can maintain the balance of bone metabolism by regulating RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway related cytokines. Various substances can regulate osteoclasts by up-regulating or down-regulating Blimp1 levels. B lymphocytes can produce autoantibodies to participate in the osteoclast process, but also produce bone destruction through non-antibody-dependent pathways. the immune and skeletal systems have mutual effects on their development through transcription factors, cytokines and related receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that the main causes of disc degeneration are heredity, aging malnutrition and load history. The role of immune system in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with lumbar disc degeneration, and to study the relationship between the severity of lumbar disc degeneration and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 76 patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease (experimental group) and 56 healthy volunteers (control group). The percentages of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets including CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD3-CD16+CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells were measured by flow cytometry. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ was calculated. The Pfirrmann grading standard was used to evaluate the grade of lumbar disc degeneration in the two groups, and the correlation between peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and lumbar disc degeneration was further evaluated. The study protocol was approved by the Ethic Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in China with approval No. 2019-KY-285. Each participant signed informed consent prior to the study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The degenerative grade of the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The percentages of CD4+ T cells, NK cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD8+ T cells in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between the grade of lumbar disc degeneration and lymphocyte subsets of the peripheral blood in the control group. In the experimental group, there was a linear positive correlation between the grade of lumbar disc degeneration and the percentage of CD4+ T cells, the ratio of CD4+/CD8+, and the percentage of NK cells (r=0.412, P=0.000; r=0.715, P=0.000; r=0.494, P=0.000), and there was a linear negative correlation between the grade of lumbar disc degeneration and the percentage of CD8+T cells (r=-0.737, P=0.000). Our results suggest that degenerative changes of the lumbar disc may be related to the changes of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, and the increase of CD4+ T cells, NK cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio may accelerate lumbar disc degeneration. Therefore, changes in the immune system may predict the occurrence of lumbar disc degeneration and may be a target for prevention and treatment of degenerative lumbar disc diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by injury of small intrahepatic bile ducts, but its mechanism, especially the role of B cell immunity in this disease, remains unclear. The possible role of B cell immunity in the pathogenesis of PBC is reviewed from the fol-lowing aspects: distribution of B cells and plasma cells in the liver tissues of PBC patients, clearance of B cells, mechanism of abnormal in-crease in serum IgM and its sources among PBC patients, mechanism of production of antimitochondrial antibodies and their possible func-tions in bile duct injury, and typical autoantibodies in PBC. B cell immunity is considered to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PBC, but there are stiil many key problems to be clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To study whether B lymphocytes involve in bone resorption in periodontal disease by evaluating RANKL expression of B lymphocytes in immune response to aggre gatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). METHODS: The expression of mRNA transcripts involved in day 1 and day 7 responses of cytokines in cultured rat splenocytes was determined by RT-PCR; The percentage of RANKL-expressing IgG positive cells by B cells in cultured rat splenocytes was measured by flow cytometry; and B lymphocytes capacity for induction of osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by TRAP staining. SPSS 10.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in cultured cells was not changed in the presence of Aa on day 1, after culture for 7 days; The percentage of B lymphocytes, all RANKL mRNA transcripts and percentage of RANKL-expressing IgG positive cells were significantly increased in the presence, compared to the absence of Aa. These increases were considerably greater in cells isolated from immunized than non-immunized rats. B cells from Aa immunized rats significantly increased induction of osteoclast differentiation (P<0.01), and addition of human OPG-Fc into the culture significantly inhibited its induction (P<0.05), and was RANKL-independent. CONCLUSION: B lymphocytes contribute to bone resorption in periodontal disease through involving in the immune response to Aa, up-regulation of RANKL expression and increasing induction of osteoclast differentiation. Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (Grant No. 20042062) and Research Fund of Bureau of Education of Liaoning Province (Grant No. 202013124). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, the root of Sophora flavescens Ait., has been widely applied in the medical field due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, bacteriostatic, antiviral, antitumor, and other pharmacological effects. The present study investigated the anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of oxymatrine(OMT), the active component of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix by observing its effect on the function of B lymphocytes in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) mice through the Toll-like receptor 9(TLR9)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) pathway. The CIA model in DBA/1 J mice was induced by bovine type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA). Fifteen days after the primary immunization, mice were treated with OMT for 30 days by intraperitoneal injection. Paw swelling and arthritis index(AI) score were evaluated every 3 days. Joint histopathologic changes were observed by HE staining. Magnetic-activated cell sorting(MACS) was used to isolate B lymphocytes from the spleen of CIA mice spleen. The serum expression level of interleukin(IL)-21 was examined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression of TLR9, STAT3, p-STAT3, and IL-21 in B lymphocytes was detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression of TLR9, STAT3, and IL-21 in B lymphocytes was detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR). The results showed that OMT could significantly alleviate the paw swelling, decrease the AI score, relieve synovial inflammatory cell infiltration and hyperplasia, reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibit the expression of TLR9, STAT3, p-STAT3, and IL-21 of B lymphocytes in CIA mice. Therefore, OMT may alleviate rheumatoid arthritis by regulating TLR9/MyD88/STAT3 pathway in B lymphocytes, providing a valuable reference for the application of OMT in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To explore the significance of lymphocytes in systemic sclerosis (SSc), by detecting the levels of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, and analyzing the correlation between the lymphocytes and clinical laboratory indexes., Methods: The numbers and proportion of T, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, B, and NK cells were detected by flow cytometry in peripheral blood of 32 SSc patients who had taken immunosuppressive drugs and 30 healthy controls (HC). The comparison of the lymphocyte subsets in SSc with them in the HC groups, and the correlation between the lymphocytes and other clinical and laboratory indicators were analyzed by the relevant statistical analysis., Results: Compared with the HC group, the numbers of T, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, and NK cells in peripheral blood of SSc group, who had taken immunosuppressive drugs, were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05). More-over, the proportion of NK cells in peripheral blood of the SSc group was also significantly lower than that in the HC group ( P =0.004). In addition, all the lymphocyte subsets were decreased in peripheral blood of more than 65% of the SSc patients who had taken immunosuppressive drugs. Compared with CD4 + T normal group, the positivity of Raynaud's phenomenon, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly increased in CD4 + T reduction group, respectively ( P ＝0.024, P < 0.001, P =0.018). ESR was higher in CD8 + T reduction group than CD8 + T normal group ( P ＝0.022). The prevalence of fingertip ulcer was significantly increased in B cell decrease group ( P =0.019). Compared with NK cell normal group, the prevalence of fingertip ulcer was significantly increased in NK cell lower group ( P =0.033), IgM was remarkablely decreased yet ( P =0.049). The correlation analysis showed that ESR was negatively correlated with the counts of T lymphocytes ( r ＝－0.455, P ＝0.009), CD4 + T lymphocytes ( r ＝－0.416, P ＝0.018), CD8 + T lymphocytes ( r ＝－0.430, P =0.014), B cells ( r ＝－0.366, P ＝0.039)., Conclusion: The number of CD4 + T, CD8 + T, B, and NK cells significantly decreased in peripheral blood of SSc patients who had used immunosuppressive drugs, some lymphocyte subsets might be related with Raynaud's phenomenon and fingertip ulcer, and reflected the disease activity by negatively correlated with ESR and CRP; the numbers of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood should be detected regularly in SSc patients who had taken immunosuppressive drugs.

To observe the effect of Xinfeng Capsules on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) B lymphocytes,inflammatory mediators,FAK/CAPN/PI3K pathway,in order to explore the mechanism of Xinfeng Capsules in improving clinical symptoms of RA.Joint and systemic symptoms of RA patients were observed,and laboratory indicators[hemoglobin (HGB),platelet count (PLT),erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR),immunoglobulin (Ig) G,Ig A,Ig M,rheumatoid factor (RF),anti-cyclic citrulline antibody (CCP-AB),C-reactive protein (CRP)]were detected.ELISA was used to detect serum interleukin (IL)-1β，IL-10,IL-33,chemokine 5 (CCL5),and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).CD3~-CD19~+B cells were measured by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to detect FAK,p-FAK,CAPN,PI3K protein.The results showed that Xinfeng Capsules could significantly alleviate RA joint and systemic symptoms and improve clinical efficacy.And Xinfeng Capsules could increase HGB,decrease PLT,CCP-AB,CRP,ESR index,upregulate IL-10 expression,and down-regulate IL-1β，IL-33,CCL5,VEGF,CD3~-CD19~+B cells,FAK,p-FAK,CAPN,PI3K expressions (P&lt;0.01).Based on the above results,Xinfeng Capsules may reduce the expression of CD3~-CD19~+,regulate the balance of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,inhibit abnormal activation of FAK/CAPN/PI3K pathway,and improve clinical symptoms of RA.

IgG4-relaed hepatobiliary diseases (IgG4-HBD) are the hepatobiliary manifestations of IgG4-related disease, a multisystem fibro-inflammatory disorder. Previous studies on the pathogenesis of genetics and immunology have provided significant assistance in understanding the disease, rational diagnosis and treatment, but there are still many unknowns and challenges. The current research progress summarizes several factors influencing fibrosis and inflammation in the pathogenesis of disease.