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Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] This study explored the effect of sand storage stratification on the germination of Paeonia delavayi seeds to lay a foundation for the propagation and cultivation of Paeonia delavayi seedlings. [Method] The seeds from artificial cultivation were collected and 60 seeds were taken every 15 days to measure the germination index during sand stratification process at room temperature since the epicotyl was exposed. According to the changes in external morphological characteristics, the seeds were divided into 6 different germination stages (SI-S6). The structure of seeds before stratification (SO) and at different germination stages as well as the change characteristics of seed embryos during germination were observed using a stereomicroscope. The histochemical staining of stored substances (protein, starch and oil) in endosperm was analyzed and changes of nutrients (soluble sugar and soluble protein), enzyme activities (peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in endosperm and seed embryo at each germination stage were measured. [Result] During the stratification process of sand storage at room temperature, the instantaneous germination rate and vigor index of Paeonia delavayi seeds showed an increasing trend, with instantaneous germination rate increased to 85.00% and vigor index increased to 20.82 after 90 days. At SO stage, the seed embryos of Paeonia delavayi seeds were smaller, and the seeds swelled by water absorption after stratification for 30 days (SI stage). At S2 stage, the radicle broke through seed coat, and a small number of seeds began to germinate. At S3 stage, the hypocotyl elongated and thickened significantly. At S4 stage, the cotyledons further enlarged and the radicle significantly elongated and thickened. At S5 stage, the cotyledons continued to grow with the continuous elongation of radicle. At S6 stage, the epicotyl of a few seeds was obviously elongated. From S2 to S6, the transverse and longitudinal, thickness, mass and peeling mass of seeds changed insignificantly, while the longitudinal diameter, endosperm length, endosperm width, embryo length and embryo width of seeds significantly increased from (12.19 ± 1.71), (10.75 ± 1.83), (9.22 ± 1.59), (3.20 ± 0.69) and (1.56 ± 0.43) mm at SI stage to (14.07 ± 0.42), (13.46 + 0.28), (11.14 ± 1.57), (70.53 ± 14.43) and (8.85 ± 0.31) mm at S6 stage. The embryo rate also significantly increased from (30.21 ±4.31) % to (525.02 ± 11 6.1 0) %. During seed germination, the soluble protein and soluble sugar contents in endosperm and seed embryo generally showed a downward trend. The histochemical staining showed that oil body and protein were the most abundant storage substances in endosperm, while starch content was less. POD activity in endosperm and embryo increased first and then decreased, reaching the highest values of 23.20 and 58.07 U/g at S3 and SI stages, respectively. SOD activ-ity in endosperm and embryo generally increased, reaching the highest values of 320.42 and 2 604.39 U/g at S5 stage. [Conclusion] The seeds of Paeonia delavayi after 50-70 days of sand storage stratification had high germination rate and strong enzyme activities, which was conducive to further germination of seeds. Supplemented with appropriate cultivation and management measures, seeding at this time can effectively improve the emergence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Of Sichuan University (Natural Sciences Division) / Sichuan Daxue Xuebao-Ziran Kexueban is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University Natural Science Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Of Sichuan University (Natural Sciences Division) / Sichuan Daxue Xuebao-Ziran Kexueban is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University Natural Science Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, under the conditions of potting in the greenhouse, it is set to not remove cotyledons (control), remove 1/4 cotyledons (light cotyledon removal), 1/2 cotyledons (medium cotyledon removal) and 3/4 cotyledons (severe cotyledon removal) Four treatments. The effects of seed size and cotyledon removal treatments on the growth and morphological plasticity of Quercus liaotungensis seedlings were studied. The results showed: (1) Large seed seedlings plant height, basal stem, number of leaves, leaf area per plant, total stem The quality and root-shoot ratio were higher than those of small seed seedlings in all treatments. Except for plant height, the above-mentioned other parameters were significantly different among seedlings of different sizes treated with mild cotyledon removal (P<0.05), and the total dry mass of the former was moderate. The cotyledon removal treatment was also significantly different from the latter (P<0.05). The specific leaf area and specific root length of the large-seed seedlings were larger than those of the small-seed seedlings in each treatment, while the specific branch length was the opposite. (2) As the cotyledon removal intensity increased The plant height, basal stem, number of leaves, leaf area per plant, and total dry mass of large and small seed seedlings all showed a decreasing trend.Plant height, basal diameter, number of leaves and leaf area per plant were all significant in severe cotyledon removal treatments. Less than the control and mild cotyledon removal treatments, small seed seedlings are more sensitive to cotyledon loss, and its plant height, number of leaves, leaf area per plant and total dry mass are also significantly smaller than the control in the moderate cotyledon removal treatment (P<0.05), The root-to-shoot ratio of small-seed seedlings increased with the increase of cotyledon removal intensity. The moderate and severe cotyledon removal treatments were significantly greater than the control and mild cotyledon removal treatments (P<0.05). (3) As the cotyledon removal intensity increased The specific leaf area and specific root length of seedlings of large and small seeds gradually increased, but the specific branch length of large-seed seedlings continued to decrease, and the small-seed seedlings treated with mild cotyledon removal had the largest length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auxin efflux carrier plays an extremely important role in plant development. However, the subcellular localization of auxin efflux carrier PIN1 in the roots and embryos of crops rice, wheat, maize and soybean remains unclear. In this study, the characterization of OsPIN1b and its homologous amino acid sequence were analyzed, and it showed that the PIN1 sequences of wheat(TaPIN1), maize(ZmPIN1b)and soybean(GmPIN1b)shared 61.5%, 62.5% and 61.9% similarities with rice OsPIN1b, respectively. Next, an artificial OsPIN1b polypeptide was synthesized based on the OsPIN1b amino acid sequence of rice ‘Nipponbare' and injected it into healthy New Zealand white rabbits to obtain anti-rabbit OsPIN1b polyclonal antibody. The effectiveness of the prepared polyclonal antibody against OsPIN1b was detected by immune blot method, and the expression of OsPIN1b was found to be effectively detected in rice leaves and roots. Furthermore, the subcellular localization of OsPIN1b and its homologous in primary roots and cotyledon cells of embryos in different crops was detected with anti-rabbit OsPIN1b polyclonal antibody by immunohistochemistry assay. The results showed that rice OsPIN1b, wheat TaPIN1 and maize ZmPIN1b apolarly localized on the plasma membrane of epidermal cells of primary roots and cotyledon of embryo in rice, wheat and maize grown in early development stages, and soybean GmPIN1b apolarly localized on the plasma membrane of primary root epidermal cells, but was cytosolic localization in the cotyledon cells of embryo. To further detect the subcellular localization of OsPIN1b, epidermal cells of rice primary root meristem region were treated with protein transport inhibitors BFA(Brefeldin A)and anti-rabbit OsPIN1b polyclonal antibody and detected by immunohistochemistry assay. It showed that OsPIN1b localized on cytoplasma membrane of rice root epidermal cells could enter into the cytoplasm via endocytic trafficking manner. In this study, the subcellular localization of OsPIN1b and its homologous in the epidermal cells of primary roots and cotyledons of embryos of rice, wheat, maize and soybean were effectively detected with the anti-rabbit OsPIN1b polyclonal antibody, and it will facilitate us to reveal the molecular mechanism of auxin efflux carrier OsPIN1b and its homologous by regulating polar auxin transport to involve in crops development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[ Objective] The physiological characteristics of seeds germination of Sophora alopecuroides under salt stress and the expression of lysine decarboxylase gene SaLDC were observed in this paper. [ Method]The seeds of S. alopecuroides were treated with NaCl solution before their vigor indexes of seeds under salt stress were calculated. The plasma membrane permeability ( PMP), contents of MDA, Pro and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were also measured. The expression of SaLDC was determined by qRT-PCR and the content of cadaverine were measured by HPLC. [Result] With the increase of the concentration of NaCl solution, the vigor index of the seeds decreased, where as the relative salt damage rate increased. S. alopecuroides was proved to be a salt tolerant plant with a threshold for seed germination under NaCl stress was 200 mmol·L-1. Under mild salt stress ( NaCI ~ 100 mmol · L-1), POD enzyme played a major protective role; But under severe salt stress (NaCl > 200 mmol·L-1 ), CAT enzyme played a major protective role. The expression of Sal.DC was the highest in cotyledons and the lowest in hypocotyls. Salt stress caused the gene expression to be up-regulated in all measured organs. No Cad was detected in cotyledons, but the content of Cad decreased in hypocotyls and radicles with the increase of NaCl concentration. [Conclusion] Salt stress affected the germination and physiological characteristics of S. alopecuroides seeds. Tissue-specific expression of SaLDC was observed under salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The objective of this paper is to provide a reference for seed screening and morphological research, selective breeding, quality identification and germpla.sm resource evaluation of Artemisia annua . [Method] The seed lengths(Ls), widths(Ws), lengths-widths ratio(Ls/Ws), 1000-grain weight, germination rate and seedling growth status of Artemisia annua from 11 ground sources are analyzed by microscopic examination and germination experiment. [ Result] The seed morphology of Artemisia annua from different ground source shows green-yellow pear-shaped or obovate achene under microscope. There is a significant difference in length-width ratio of Artemisia annua from different ground source ( P = 0. 027* ), and there is a very significant difference in Ls, W s and 1000-grain weight. The variation degree is Ws>Ls>1000-grain weight>Ls/Ws, The seed germination rate, root length, stem length, dry weight, fresh cotyledon weight, true leaf number, and true leaf length and width of Artemisia annua from different ground source vary with different degrees. Annual precipitation is the main relative factor influencing phenotypic difference of Artemisia annua seed, followed by longitude, latitude and altitude. Artemisia annua seeds from 11 different ground sources are preliminary divided into three groups according to seed morphology and seedling growth status comprehensively. [ Conclusion] There is a significant geographic variation in size morphology of Artemisia annua seed under the influence of environment factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 In order to provide the theoretical basis for breeding of vegetable faba bean, the direct or indirect effects of major agro¬nomic traits on freshi grain yield of early-matiare and autumn-sowing faba bean and the coefficient of determination were determined.【Meth- od】Thirteen cultivars of early-mature and autumn-sowing faba bean were used to carry out the correlation and path analysis of 15 major agro¬nomic traits to 2 kinds of fresh yield.【Result】 The results showed that the coefficient of variation (c. G ) of seed per plant, pod per plant, nodesof having pods,100fresh seed weight andwidthoffreshpod were 28.57 ', 19.56', 18.56', 17.51 ' and17.39', respec¬tively. These traits could be improved by breeding or farming practices. The largest c. G. of yield was cotyledon yield followed by yeed yield. Number of effective branches, nodes of having pods, pods per plant and seed per plant had extremely significant correlation with yield of fresh pod. The rate of producing cotyledon had extremely significant correlation withi yiel(d of freshi cotyledon. Yield of fresh cotyledon and pod had significant correlation with each other. Path analysis showed that both number of effective branches, pods per plant had positive di¬rect effect and had extremely yignificant correlation with yield of fresh pod. Bothi of thiem should be the main traits in breeding programs, se¬ lection should be based on the characteristics of thie traits which we were more interested in. Rate of producing cotyledon affected cotyledon yield.【Conclusion】 Among all the yield traits, pod yield showed significantly lower variation and should be the focus of our breeding program in Yunnan province. When yield of pod was the target of breeding, number of effective branches and pods per plant should be the main se¬ lecting traits combining with nodes of having pods and seed per plant. When yield of cotyledon was the target of breeding，rate of producing cotyledon was the main selecting trait [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected arginine(RP-Arg) and N-carbamylglutamate(NCG) supplementation on development of maternal and fetal placenta in nutrient restriction Hu sheep during pregnancy.[Methods] From 35 to 110 days of pregnancy, 32 Hu ewes carrying twin fetues were randomly divided into 4 groups, a control group(CG, n=8, 100% NRC requirements for pregnant sheep), a underfed group(RG, n=8, fed 50% NRC requirements, which included 50% mineral-vitamin mixture), and 2 treatment groups(ARG and NCG, n=8, fed 50% NRC requirements supplemented with 20 g·d-1 RP-Arg or 5 g·d-1 NCG, which included 50% mineral-vitamin mixture). At 110 days of pregnancy, fetal umbilical venous plasma, maternal placenta(caruncle) and fetal placenta(cotyledons) were collected. The study evaluated the concentration of metabolites in umbilical venous plasma, the expression of this growth factor family and mTOR signaling pathway's intermediates(mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1) in caruncle and cotyledons.[Results] The results showed that the ratio of fetal body weights to placental weight decreased in RG group compared with CG group; however, the placental weights showed no differences among CG, ARG and NCG groups. The results showed that the ratio of fetal body weights to placental weight decreased in RG group compared with CG group; however, the placental weight, weight of cotyledons and caruncula showed no differences among CG, ARG and NCG groups. The mRNA expressions of VEGFA, VEGFR-1, PLGF1, Ang-1, and Ang-2 were not significant in cotyledons and caruncula of four groups. Significantly increased mRNA expression of VEGFR-2 was detected in RG group compared to CG, ARG, and NCG groups, but there was decreased Tie-2 mRNA expression in RG group. In RG group, mTOR signaling was inhibited, as determined by increased p70S6K and 4EBP1 mRNA expressions, and increased p70S6K, 4EBP1, and p-p70S6K proteins expression.[Conclusions] The data provide important insight into the maternal nutrition levels altering developmental programming of cotyledons and caruncula. Dietary RP-Arg and NCG supplementation to underfed ewes during pregnancy could promote the growth and development of cotyledons and caruncula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research is the property of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The seeds cannot fully sprout owing to the seed quality and environmental differences. So it is difficult to provide seedling pots without empty seedling holes for automatic transplanting. In order to reduce the number of seedling shortage and the manual labor intensity of seedling supplement, and to improve transplanting quality, a method for supplementing seedlings in cotyledon phase was presented in the paper. According to the delicate seedling, undeveloped root system and the unconsolidated substrate in pot, a new type of end-effector for supplementing pot-seedling in cotyledon phase with 4 seedling shovels was designed. The 4 angular seedling shovels were synchronously driven up and down by stepper motor moving the X-shaped press rod. They can shape enveloping surface when they are inserted into the lower limit position of the whole pot and surrounded the seedlings from the 4 sides of seedling substrates during seedling. And then the pot seedling was taken out from seedling hole and transplanted to the target hole. The seedling supplementing was finished while the pot seedling was left in the target pot hole and the seedling spades lifted it up along the inclined guide. The 3 factor and 3 level orthogonal tests were conducted respectively with the Zheza809 tomato pot seedlings in cotyledon phase with the seedling age of 16, 21 and 26 d cultivated in standard seedling tray with 72 holes. In the test, the velocities of inserting and taking out of matrix for the shovels were measured by speedtro-50 laser velometer, and the average velocities were 29.85 and 31.12 m/s respectively. The mixture ratio of peat, vermiculite and perlite in nursery matrix, the moisture content of the substrate and the seedling age were chosen as factors. The matrix net rate, which is the percentage of the weight of pot seedling taken out from the pot holes by the end-effector in the total mass of the pot seedling in the pot hole, was set as index. The results indicate that the net rate of taking out the free substrate without seedlings or the pot seedlings in cotyledon phase is affected significantly by the pot seedling age and the mixture ratio of peat, vermiculite and perlite in nursery matrix. The net rate increases with the seedling age, which reaches the highest value at the end of cotyledon phase and the mixture ratio of peat, vermiculite and perlite in nursery matrix of 2:2:1. The effect of matrix water content from 67.1% to 79.2% on the net rate is not significant, while the net rate keeps a high value owing to good cohesive force and plasticity of the substrate when the moisture content of the substrate is 74.1%. When the growth age is 26 d, the mixture ratio of peat, vermiculite and perlite in nursery matrix is 2:2:1 and the moisture content of the substrate is 74.1%, the average net rate reaches the maximum of 89.5% and the shape and volume of the seedling pot keep complete. To further verify the optimal combination obtained by the test, the experiments of seedling taking out and supplementing were carried out with tomato pot seedlings with the age of 26 d, the mixture ratio of peat, vermiculite and perlite in nursery matrix of 2:2:1 and suitable substrate moisture content. The results show that the success rates for the free substrate without seedlings and pot seedlings are both 100%, which can take out the pot seedlings in cotyledon phase with crisp plant and loose matrix as a whole and fill them into target hole on the seedling pot completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The pepper male sterile line was used as experimental materials. During pepper regeneration, one of the difficult issues was browning. This study found out the best method of disinfection and explored the factors affecting the degrees of browning of pepper male sterile line. The results showed that relative low pH value (5.5) brought down browning ratio of pepper male sterile line, hence callus grew much better. The enzymatic activity of PPO, POD, CAT, SOD and the content of MDA were higher with additional 1.0mg/L6-BA into the culture medium than adding the same concentration of 2,4-D into the culture medium. The preventable effects of browning of the three different kinds of appendage were arranged in descending as PVP, Vc and AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the grafting method was used to create composite plants material with the same scion but different cotyledons and the parts below cotyledons. The cut - in grafting method was used to study the changes of cotyledon area from cotyledon stage ( Vc ) to second - node ( V2 ) stage. The widely - planting soybean varieties over the years in Huanghuaihai Plains of China were used as stock genotypes, and Zhonghuang 39 was as scion. 3 soybean varieties with diiferent 100 - seed weight were selected as test materials, and the post - emergence changes of cotyledons area and physiological indices and their effects on seedling growth and development in soybean by setting the shading and normal sunshine treatments were studied. The results showed that cotyledon area increased during the seedling period from VC to V2 among all the tested varieties, with the increment range from 65.61% to 209.29%. The increment of cotyledon area from V2 to VC was negatively correlated with the cotyledon area at VC stage. The cotyledon area increment from VC to V2 decreased with the releasing years of the varieties. Beginning from Day 9 after emergence, the cotyledon area constantly declined in all varieties, and the contents of chlorophyll a, total chlorophylls and the dry weight of cotyledons decreased along with the seedling growth, the chlorophyll b content increased first and then decreased. Cotyledon soluble sugar content decreased for some days and then increased gradually, and finally decreased with aging cotyledons. After the shading, the changes of cotyledon area, dry weight, chlorophyll a, b and soluble sugar contents became more prominent than those in normal sunshine treatment, indicating that limiting the cotyledon "source" functions could affect the synthesis, degradation and transport of chlorophylls and soluble sugars in cotyledons, and the changes of cotyledon area and their dry weight. Removing cotyledons had impacts on seedling growth and development, with shorter seedling height, slower development process, and lower seedling dry weight. It was concluded that cotyledon is one of the important vegetative organs of soybean at seedling stage. Cotyledons should be protected and effectively utilized in soybean management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed disinfection, concentration of auxin in three processes(germination medium, differentiation of multiple shoot and rooting)during soybean cotyledonary node regeneration was studied by using cultivar Heinong 35. It was confirmed that the most suitable soybean seed sterilization was chlorinesterilization; and in the germination medium 6-BA concentration was 2mg/L; in the multiple shoots differentiation medium 6-BA concentration was 1.70mg/L, GA3 concentration was 0.5mg/L; in the rooting medium 0.37mg/LNAA was more suitable for root growth. On this basis, about 37 maincultivars of soybean in north China were screened fo regeneration by cotyledonary node and five genotypes Hefeng 25, Heinong 35, Hefeng 35, Suinong1 0,Suinong14)were found to be suit? able for the regeneration system.This research provided theoretical andpractical tools for genetransferinsoybean molecularbreeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]