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Investigating the impact mechanisms of nano-C-S-H seeds early-strength agent on the early hydration of cement is pivotal for advancing their application in practical engineering. By comparing mechanical properties and hydration heat tests, the effect of varying content of synthesized nano-C-S-H and the differences in effects compared to commonly early-strength agents were analyzed. Additionally, XRD, TG-DTG and SEM were employed to elucidate the effect of nano-C-S-H on the cement hydration process. The results demonstrate that increasing the content of the synthesized nano-C-S-H seeds early-strength agent leads to an initial rise in 1 d compressive strength, hydration heat release rate, and total hydration heat, followed by a decline. The optimal early-strength effect is observed at content of 0.6% by mass of the cementitious materials. When the content of nano-C-S-H is 0.6%, the nano-C-S-H seeds early-strength agent has the best early-strength effect and has no negative effect on the compressive strength at 7 and 28 d. Compared to the blank group, the addition of nano-C-S-H significantly enhances the hydration rate during the cement induction period, as well as the formation and density of AFm, AFt and C-S-H gels during the 1 d age, but has no significant effect on the formation of hydration products at the middle and late ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing is the property of Editorial Department of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polypropylene (PP) flammability poses an impact on the environment and safety, making the development of environmentally friendly and efficient halogen-free flame retardants essential. Type II Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has poor thermal stability, hence it needs for modification research. In this study, new phosphorus-based flame retardants were prepared by mixing and coating at different temperatures for the evaluation of their effects on the mechanical and flame-retardancy of PP materials. The results showed that the flame retardant prepared from type II ammonium polyphosphate, melamine and silane coupling agent KH560 according to the mass ratio of 3 : 1 : 0.01 mixed at 200 °C for 60 min in a high mixer had the best and stable mechanical and flame retardancy. The maximum heat release rate (MARHE) of these materials was reduced to 249.96 kW/m², the heat release rate (HRR) was reduced to 85.75 kW/m², the mass loss rate (MLR) was reduced to 1.78 g/(s⋅m²), the total heat release heat (THR) was reduced to 68.04 MJ/m², the total smoke production (TSP) was reduced to 9.07 m², and the time to ignition (TTI) was extended to 33 s. The flame retardant is highly efficient and environmentally friendly, and the modified PP material meets the requirements of flame retardant industry standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an intrinsic flame-retardant epoxy resin (TA-VAN-EP) containing a Schiff-base structure was prepared by using vanillin (VAN), tyramine (TA) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) as raw materials. The chemical structure of the resultant TA-VAN-EP was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and its curing behavior, mechanical performance, thermal stability, flame - retardant performance, and other important properties were investigated. The results indicated that the synthesized TA-VAN-EP exhibited a desired structure. Compared to pure epoxy resin, TA-VAN-EP obtained a significant improvement in the mechanical properties, in which there is an increase in the tensile strength by 82.0 %. Moreover, it also showed an increase in the glass-transition temperature from 152 to 190 °C. In addition, TA-VAN-EP achieved a UL94 V-1 rating in the vertical burning experiment, along with an increase in the limiting oxygen index value from 24.7 % to 28.4 % . Furthermore, TA-VAN-EP presented a significant reduction in the total heat release, smoke production rate, and total smoke release. Owing to the presence of a dynamic Schiff-base structure in its structure, TA-VAN-EP exhibited good biodegradation performance under acidic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Membrane Science & Technology (10078924) is the property of Membrane Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advances in New & Renewable Energy is the property of Editorial Office of Advances in New & Renewable Energy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A phosphorus-nitrogen organic salt flame retardant (EP) was synthesized through a simple one-step reaction using etdronic acid as a phosphorus source (EA) and antiphenylenediamine (PPD) as a nitrogen source. Its structure was characterized by !H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The flame-retardant TPU was prepared by mixing TPU with EP using a melt blending method, and its thermal stability, flame retardant performance, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results indicated that the addition of EP generated little effect on the thermal stability of TPU, and its flame retardancy was significantly improved. The flame-retardant TPU containing 3 wt. % EP (TPU-3% EP) obtained a limiting oxygen index of 28. 40 vol. % and also achieved a UL 94 V"0 classification in the vertical burn experiment. The residual carbon yield (CY) was more than twice that of pure TPU. Compared with pure TPU, the total heat release and peak heat release rate of TPU-3% EP were reduced by 22. 12% and 61. 85%, respectively, and its effective combustion heat was also reduced. EP can enhance the flame-retardant performance of TPU mainly by catalyzing the condensation phase to form charcoal and isolate thermal oxygen exchange. Moreover, the free radical quenching effectiveness in the gas phase also generates a certain flame-retardant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fire Safety Science is the property of Fire Safety Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Architecture & Civil Engineering is the property of Chang'an Daxue Zazhishe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The integration of the active heat storage system utilizing multiple heat storage and release media for prefabricated solar greenhouses with flexible material wall (PGFMW) can solve the problem of "good thermal insulation and weak heat storage" in PGFMW. However, it is still unclear on the heat storage and exothermic properties of the multiple media in the combined heat storage system. This study aims to perform on a PGFMW that equipped with a combined "air source ground heat exchange-back wall water circulation (AGHE-WWC)" heat storage system. A systematic investigation was also made on the individual and combined heat storage and release properties. A series of experimental tests were conducted to calculate the energy transfer. The results indicated that the minimum temperature of indoor air at night time was maintained above 10℃, and the maximum difference in temperature between indoors and outdoors was 26.5 °C in winter. The primary heat storage medium was identified as the 0-50 cm soil layer of the cultivation area in the PGFMW. Furthermore, the heat storage capacity of the soil layer reached 706.30 MJ on sunny days, accounting for 63.5% of the total heat storage. The difference in temperature between the inlet and outlet of the underground heat exchange was up to 10.8 °C, which increased by 54.4% in the heat storage capacity of the soil layer. The water circulation was used to store the heat energy of 424.04 MJ on the day, which accounted for up to 45.1% of the total heat storage. Specifically, after cloudy days, the temperature of 8 m3 of water in the storage tank increased from 11 to 35℃ by water circulation over two sunny days. In order to evaluate the rate of heat storage and release for the system in combination and individually, an evaluation index called the heat storage and release efficiency ratio (HRE) was inducted to assess system performance. It was found that the maximum absolute value of the HRE for water circulation system was 1.62, which was 1.8 times than the soil HRE on the same day. It proved that the water circulation system releases heat more rapidly compared to the soil on cloudy days. In terms of the total heat, the soil was remained the primary source of indoor heat release on the consecutive cloudy days. In addition, the "AGHE-WWC" heat storage system was realized to sustain the heat demand for a total of three consecutive cloudy days. Meanwhile, the average heating coefficient of performance (COP) and the uderground heat exchange COP were 9.16 and 6.82, respectively. The combined COP of the "AGHE-WWC" heat storage system was 8.85, while the energy saving rate was as high as 60.26%, compared with the heat pump. The finding can provide a strong reference for heat storage and release in combined heat storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biomass-based charring agent was synthesized and applied to the modification of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) flame retardant to enhance the fire safety performance of epoxy resin (EP). After the reaction of melamine (MA) and vanillin in different ratios to form a carbonized coating (MV), APP was coated to obtain the bio-based charcoal-forming agent modified APP flame retardant (MV@APP), which was added to EP. It was found that the flame retardant obtained from the 1:2 mass ratio of MA to vanillin in the same flame retardant additive ratio (5%) was the most effective in EP (MV@APP/EP-2), with the peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke production reduced by 57.2%, 66.4% and 62.7%, respectively. Thermal stability analysis shows that the addition of MV@APP improves the thermal stability as well as the amount of residual carbon. In addition, the compatibility between the flame retardant and EP was improved by the modification of APP by the organic charcoal-forming agent, and the flexural properties of EP were enhanced by the addition of the flame retardant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

2-amino-4, 6-dichloro-1,3, 5-triazine (ADCT), with its triazine ring structure, was introduced into methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG), and MPEG with a triazine ring structure (ADMT) was prepared by grafting the -OH of MPEG at the position 4 and 6 of the triazine ring. ADMT was loaded onto the carrier material, graphene oxide (GO), to obtain the form-stable phase change material (FSPCM). FSPCM was blended with polypropylene (PP) using a twin-screw extruder. PP/FSPCM blends with mass ratios of 5%, 10% and 15% of FSPCM were prepared. ADMT, FSPCM and PP/ FSPCM blended materials were characterized by using 1H NMR, FT-IR, DSC and hot table test. The results show that the crystallization enthalpy of FSPCM is 96.1 J · g-1, and FSPCM still retains a good form-setting effect at 250 °C. The enthalpy transformation is 9.10 J · g-1 and the enthalpy efficiency is 60.7% when the mass ratio of PP/FSPCM is 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study adopted the HFB-1 fabric cool feeling tester to objectively test the cool feeling of 12 printed fabrics. Besides, we investigated the influence of temperature, air velocity, and moisture content on fabric cool feeling. Additionally, a rank-order method was employed for a subjective assessment of fabric coolness. The results indicate that the nylon fabric demonstrats the best cooling effect. Furthermore, the maximum transient heat flux, the duration of cool feeling and the total heat dissipation during the cooling period of the fabrics were enhanced to a certain extent after the cool-felling prints. As the temperature increased, the fabric experienced a decrease in maximum transient heat flux from 254.6 W/m² to 98.8 W/m², and steady-state heat flux declined from 99.6 W/m² to 27.8 W/m². Simultaneously, with an increase in wind speed, the fabric's maximum transient heat flux rose from 243.6 W/m² to 275.9 W/m², and the steady-state heat flux increased from 98.5 W/m² to 231.6 W/m². Moreover, as moisture content increased, the fabric's maximum transient heat flux increased from 246.9 W/m² to 376.6 W/m², and the time to reach final thermal equilibrium extended from 318 s to 2 200 s. The correlation coefficients for fitting subjective ranking values against maximum transient heat flux density, duration of cool feeling, and total heat dissipation during the cooling period were 0.977, 0.748, and 0.719, respectively. These values indicated a strong consistency between subjective assessment metrics and objective indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CO2 phase change capture process has low regeneration energy consumption, but in actual production, the CO2 content (mole fraction, the same below) in flue gas generated by the upstream process is unstable, which can lead to changes in the overall energy consumption of the process. Therefore, it is necessary to study the adjustment strategies of the process parameters under different CO2 content of flue gas. Using Python to invoke Aspen Plus to simulate the near isothermal CO2 capture technology, and the effects of adsorption tower temperature (ta), desorption tower temperature (td), liquid/gas ratio (v), amine concentration (c) and desorption liquid circulation ratio (s) on the regeneration energy consumption and CO2 capture rate and the corresponding regulation strategies were analyzed. The results show that td has the most significant effect on CO2 capture rate, and the correlation coefficient is the highest (74.78%) when the CO2 content is 5.00%. ta has the most significant impact on regeneration energy consumption, and when CO2 content is 20.00%, its correlation coefficient is the highest (-55.26%). With the CO2 content increases from 5.00% to 20.00%, the regeneration energy consumption decreases from 2.35 GJ/t to 2.13 GJ/t under the condition that the CO2 capture rate is greater than 90.00%. In addition, ta, td, c and v should be adjusted accordingly according to CO2 content to ensure that CO2 capture rate is greater than 90.00% and the regeneration energy consumption is lowest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Atomic Energy Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Board of Atomic Energy Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the latest Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) protocol, differences between the mid-Holocene and pre-industrial climates were investigated using the fully coupled climate model CESM1.0. The impact of the earth's orbital parameters (ORB) and greenhouse gases (GHG) on mid-Holocene climate change were quantified. Three simulation experiments showed that compared with the pre-industrial simulation, the simulated mid-Holocene was warmer in the high-latitude of the northern Hemisphere, colder in the rest of the world, wetter in most of the northern hemisphere, and drier in the southern hemisphere. The ORB led to warming in the mid-to-high latitudes globally, while GHG played a role in lowering global temperatures and reducing precipitation in the mid-to-high latitudes. These differences in turn induced changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, ultimately resulting in differences in the Earth's meridional heat transport. In terms of the variation in total meridional heat transport, ORB exerted approximately five times the climate impact compared with GHG. This study carried positive implications for deepening the understanding of the mid-Holocene climate and its response to various external forcings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrographolide is the main active ingredient of Andrographis paniculata, which has the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, protecting liver and improving gallbladder. It is clinically used to treat pneumonia in children and upper respiratory tract infection. In recent years, because of the influence of environmental factors for a long time, not high purity and good varieties of selective breeding work lag and so on reasons, greatly restricted the quality improvement of andrographolide. In the quality evaluation of A. paniculata, the content of andrographolide is a very important index. Analyzing the molecular mechanism and accumulation rule of andrographolide biosynthesis is helpful to improve the quality of A. paniculata. In this review, the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory molecular mechanisms of andrographolide are comprehensively discussed. The biosynthesis of andrographolide is mainly divided into two stages, including the synthesis stage of andrographolide precursor and the modification stage of andrographolide synthesis. The synthesis of precursor has been relatively clear, but the mining of the pathways and key enzymes in the modification stage of andrographolide synthesis is still at a blank, and further research is needed. Through the excavation of the key factors affecting the synthesis and accumulation of andrographolide from the two levels of environmental factors and cropping systems, it is conducive to the establishment of a perfect and high-quality A. paniculata cultivation system. In addition, the research progress on the regulation of andrographolide biosynthesis was summarized and prospected, in order to provide research reference for the improvement of A. paniculata quality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piperazine pyrophosphate (PPAP) was compounded with a variety of flame retardants to prepare intumescent flame retardant (IFR), and finally blended with polypropylene (PP) to prepare PP flame retardant composites. These composites were characterized by vertical combustion, limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical properties. The results show that compared with PP samples, the LOI of these composites increases from 17.6% to more than 26%, the carbon residue rate increases from 0.09% to more than 1.98%, and the thermal decomposition T1% and T5% increase by 11.4 °C and 41.2 °C, respectively, indicating that the addition of flame retardant enhanced the flame retardant. At the same time, the peak heat release rate, average heat release, total heat release and total smoke production of these composites are greatly reduced, and the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties are significantly improved, while the mechanical properties are reduced. The flame retardant effect of PPAP and melamine pyrophosphate (DMPY) is the best, in which the LOI is 29.2%, the carbon residue rate is 2.65%, the thermal decomposition T1% and T5% are 286.6 °C and 372.7 °C, respectively, and the mechanical properties are the least affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composed of piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and melamine cyanurate (MCA) was used to improve the flame retardancy of high density polyethylene (HDPE) by introducing silicone microspheres (SRB) as synergist. The flame retardant properties of the composites were studied by vertical combustion (UL-94), oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry (Cone) tests. The results showed that the P-5 composite could achieve UL-94 V-0 grade by adding only 18% IFR with 1% SRB, and the maximum heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 77.6% and 16.7% respectively compared with pure HDPE. SRB promoted the formation of carbon in IFR and improved the quality of carbon layer. IFR decreased the mechanical properties of HDPE, but SRB increased the tensile modulus of HDPE/IFR system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pidan is an original traditional food in China, which has attracted extensive attention of researchers because of its unique color, fragrance, taste and functions of clearing heat, purging fire, reducing inflammation. Metallic compounds, alkali concentration, and temperature are important in the process of gel formation. Although many studies related to Pidan have been published, there is no systematic summary on the formation mechanism of gel and flavor profile. In this paper, the regulation mechanism of metal compounds in alkaline solutions, and the formation mechanism of gel, color, flavor profile, and Songhua are systematically and comprehensively reviewed to provide theoretical support for the production development and processing of Pidan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition metal complexes of triaminoguanidine (TAGwhere M = Cobalt (Co) or Iron (Fe)) have been prepared. The catalytic effect of these complexes on the thermolysis of energetic composite based on nitrocellulose and diethylene glycol dinitrate? has been investigated. Extensive characterization of the resulting energetic composites was carried out sing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Isoconversional kinetic analysis was performed to determine the Arrhenius parameters associated with the thermolysis of the elaborated energetic formulations. It is found that TAG-M complexes have strong catalytic effect on the thermokinetic decomposition of NC/DEGDN by decreasing the apparent activation energy and significantly increased the total heat release. The models that govern the decomposition processes are also studied, and it is revealed that different react io n processes are accomplished by introduction metal complexes of triaminoguanidine. Overall, this study serves as a valuable reference for future research focused on the investigation of catalytic combustion features of solid propellants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present study investigated the effects of heat stress on physiological traits n leaves of different rice varieties at seedling stage and the relationship with heat resistance to provide basis for breeding heat tolerant rice varieties. [Method] Eight indica and eight japonica rice varieties were treated at conditions of control (28 °C/22 °C, day (07 : 00 - 19 : 00)/night ( 19 : 00 - 07 : 00 ), CK ) and heat tress (42 °C/35 °C, day(07 : 00-19 : 00)/night (19 : 00 -07 : 00), HS) at seedling stage. All varieties were classified to different heat tolerant degrees (highly tolerant, HT; moderately tolerant, MT; sensitive, S and mostly sensitive, MS) according to the survival rates under heat stress. The effects of heat stress on relative water content, chlorophyll content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, membrane injury, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic adjustment substances and endogenous phytohormone content in leaves were also evaluated. [Result] Dongdao-4 (C10), Xiangliangyou-2 (C8), Huanghuazhan (C1) and Changbai-9 (C16) were highly tolerant rice varieties under heat stress condition with high seedlings survival rates. Xiangliangyou900 (C6), Taiyou390 (C7), Zhenghan-6 (C12), Wuyungeng21 (C11), Yuewangsimiao (C4) and Jigeng-515 (C13) were mostly sensitive varieties. Compared with CK, HS decreased contents of water, chlorophyll and endogenous 1AA, Z+ZR and GA3 contents in rice leaf, while increased ROS accumulation, membrane injury (relative electrical conductivity and MDA content), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT and APX) and contents of osmotic adjustment substances (proline and soluble sugar) and en-dogenous ABA. The relative water content, chlorophyll content, SOD, POD and CAT activities, and endogenous ABA content in heat tolerant rice varieties were significantly higher than those in heat sensitive varieties, while ROS content, relative electrical conductivity and MDA content were significantly lower. There was no significant difference in APX activity, and contents of osmotic adjustment substances and endogenous IAA, Z + ZR and GA3 between heat tolerant and sensitive varieties. The ROS accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane injury degree and endogenous ABA content were significantly correlated to survival rates of rice varieties, which could be used for screening heat tolerant varieties. [Conclusion] Heat stress induced over accumulation of ROS in leaves and resulted oxidative stress were main reason for leaf withering. Improving antioxidant defense capability and endogenous ABA signaling was an important path-way in rice for resisting heat stress, and it can be used as an important breeding strategy for heat tolerant rice resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethane/magnesium hydroxide (PU/MH) composites were prepared by modifying magnesium hydroxide (MH) with titanate coupling agent. The mechanical properties and combustion behavior of the composites were studied. The results show that with the increase of MH content, the compressive strength of the composites increases gradually, and the tensile strength and bending deformation of the composites decrease gradually. With the increase of MH content, the ignition time (TTI) and mass residual rate (MLR) of the composites increase gradually, the total heat release (THR), total smoke release (TSR), CO generation and CO2 generation of the composites decrease gradually, and the combustion grade of the composites increases from V-2 to V-0. When the MH content is 30%, the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of 4# composite are good. Compared with pure PU, the compressive strength of 4# composite is increased by 45.0%, the tensile strength and bending deformation are decreased by 10.0% and 5.3%, respectively, the combustion grade increases from V-2 to V-0, and the total CO and CO2 production are decreased by 50.0% and 22.2% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the flame retardancy of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used for wires and cables, zinc borate (ZB) was added to PVC to prepare PVC composites, and its flame retardancy and mechanical properties were studied. The mechanical properties test showed that with the increase of ZB content, the tensile properties of PVC composites decrease dgradually. However, when the ZB content was less than 6%, the tensile properties of PVC composites decreased slightly, which still met the requirements of relevant standards. The flame retardant test showed that the flame retardant of PVC composites increased with the increase of ZB content. When the content of ZB was 6%, the comprehensive properties of PVC composite (4#) were excellent. Compared with the composite without ZB, the flame retardancy of the 4# sample was significantly improved, the oxygen index reached 40.1%, the vertical combustion grade reached FV-0, the smoke density decreased to 72, the HCl release decreased to 41 mg/g, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) was decrease by 19.9%, the total heat release (THR) was decreased by 36.5%, and the total smoke production (TSP600 s) was decreased by 69.7%. The tensile strength of the composite was decreased by 10.8%, and the elongation at break was decreased by 12.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, transparent intumescent flame retardant coatings were prepared with melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) as the film-forming resin, phosphoric acid-pentaerythritol (H3PO4 -PER) as the intumescent flame retardant system, and graphene oxide (GO) as the flame retardant co-agent to improve the flame retardant and smoke suppression performance of wood-plastic composites (WPC). Results showed that the coatings had highly transparency, good physical properties, excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties. The addition of GO did not change the physical properties of the coatings, but significantly improved the thermal stability, flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of the WPC composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) tests showed that the charcoal residue of the coating increased by 11. 0% when 0. 2% GO was added. The simulated large plate burning method showed that the flame resistance time of the coating increased by 75. 0% compared with the control group when 0. 2% GO was added. Cone calorimeter (CONE) combustion test showed that the addition of GO effectively suppressed the heat release and smoke release of the coating. The total heat release and total smoke release of the coating decreased by 35. 6% and 43. 5%, respectively. The flake structure of graphene oxide became cross-linked points after the coating was expanded by heat, which improved the overall mechanical strength and stability of the carbon layer, and then achieved the effect of flame and smoke suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the heat dissipation of electronic components with high heat flux, five phase change heat transfer cold plates with different structures and processing methods were designed, the effects of cold plate structural parameters, heat flux, refrigerant flow rate, and heat source layout on heat transfer performance, resistance of cold plate, and the pump power consumption were experimentally studied. The results show that the designed perforated cold plate has excellent heat transfer performance. The designed perforated cold plate maintains a temperature difference of less than 25 ℃ between the heat source surface and the refrigerant inside the cold plate when dissipating a total heat output of 5 000 W and a heat flux of 38 W/cm~2, with cold plate resistance less than 30 k Pa and pump power consumption less than 35 W. The processing method of cold plate has a significant influence on its heat transfer effect. The cold plate should adopt integrated design as far as possible to reduce the link of heat transfer and avoid the contact thermal resistance caused by the chimerism of different materials. When multiple heat sources have different heat flux densities, placing the higher heat flux heat source closer to the inlet of the cold plate achieves better heat transfer efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce energy consumption in data centers and help achieve the goal of "double carbon", a modular unit for data centers is designed to meet both evaporative cooling and waste heat recovery functions according to the climate conditions and good air quality in Tibet. Based on the three refrigeration operating conditions with 100% utilization of natural cooling source, extreme meteorological conditions in Tibet and the temperature distribution inside the data center are simulated and tested on a 600 k W enthalpy difference test bench. The results show that the air volume, external static pressure, evaporative cooling module air outlet temperature and heat recovery capacity of the waste heat recovery module all meet the design requirements under the corresponding operating conditions. Comparing the air outlet temperature and waste heat recovery capacity of the unit under rated airflow operation and maximum airflow operation, the performance of the unit under rated airflow operation is better than that under maximum airflow operation. At this time, the air temperature can reach 22.82℃, the amount of waste heat recovery is 295.78 k W, and the COP is 15.91. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Global warming has adverse effects on crop growth, development and yield production. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to evaluate the seed heat tolerance of different crops and to mine the related genes for improving the tolerance of crops to high temperature stress. In order to study the differences of seed heat tolerance in different crops, the seeds of different crop varieties or parental lines were used as materials, and the germination potential and germination percentage were investigated after h, h, h, h and h of heat treatment under about 100 °C. The results showed that there were significant differences in seed heat tolerance in different crops. The general trend was that the germination potential and germination percentage decreased continuously with the extension of treatment time. The seeds of sesame and partial rapeseed varieties had the strongest heat tolerance, and the germination potential and germination percentages after hours heat treatment were still over %. The heat tolerance of wheat, rice, barley and safflower is moderate, and the heat tolerance of peanut seeds is the weakest, the germination potential and germination percentages after h treatment were less than %. In order to explore heat tolerance-related genes of rapeseed, Brassica napus lines were used as materials and treated at 100°C for 8h. And 60 K Illumina SNP array were used to conduct genome-wide association analysis of germination potential and germination percentage in two environments. As a result, 11 SNPs associated with germination potential and SNPs associated with germination percentage were detected. A total of heat tolerance-related genes were screened within the candidate interval, and some homologous genes of the genes have been reported to play an important role in heat tolerance response of other plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization is the property of Hebei Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the Peltier effect, a method of real-time controlling battery temperature through thermoelectric device (TED) was proposed. It integrated the refrigeration and heating functions of TED, has a good temperature control effect, and can meet the thermal management needs of battery modules. The battery module consists of 3x5 rows of cylindrical batteries filled with foam metal composite phase change materials, and the thermoelectric device was arranged on the large face of the battery module shell. Compared with the liquid cooling experiment, thermoelectric refrigeration could significantly reduce the temperature of the battery module at 1 ~ 5 W of single cell heat generation power, and control the temperature difference of the module within 5 °C. The temperature control experiment further shows that the TED controlled by the thermostat in real-time can effectively stabilize the module temperature and control the temperature fluctuation within 2 ~ 3 °C. In addition, a one-dimensional thermal resistance network was established, and the thermal performance of TED was analyzed based on steady-state theory. The result shows that under the refrigeration condition, the cold junction temperature of TED is decreasing first and then increasing with increasing of its current, and the hot junction temperature is proportional to the TED current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 (LAS) system high crystallinity transparent glass ceramics with different ZrO2 content were prepared by conventional melt quenching and two-step crystallization approaches. The crystallization kinetics, phase evolution, structure and light transmittance of LAS glass ceramics were studied. The results show that when the content of ZrO2 increases to a certain amount, the crystallization mode of glass gradually changes from one-dimensional growth to two-dimensional growth, and its crystallization exothermic peak Tp value gradually increases, while its crystallization activation energy gradually decreases. In the process of crystal phase transformation, the glass precipitated crystal phases include lithium silicate (Li2SiO3) crystal, lithium permeating feldspar (LiAlSi4O10) crystal and lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) crystal. It is found that when lithium silicate (Li2SiO3) crystal is transformed into lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) crystal, the transmittance of glass increases. In additions, SEM results show that with the decrease of heating rate, the crystal size of glass precipitation gradually increases, and the crystal morphology is mainly spherical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)