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Objective To analyze the effect of extracorporeal shock wave assisted drug therapy on clinical outcomes of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods A total of 86 TMD patients in our hospital from September 2018 to September 2019 were included and divided into group A (n=43) and group B (n=43) by random number table method. Group A (n=43) received oral glucosamine hydrochloride tablets on the basis of conventional treatment; group B (n=43) received extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the basis of group A. The pain degree, maximum mouth opening, temporomandibular joint function, temporomandibular joint bounce times, life quality and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with that before treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, maximum mouth opening, temporomandibular joint dysfunction index (DI), palpation index (PI), Fricton craniomandibular index (CMI) level, joint bounce times and oral health impact scale (OHIP-14) score of two groups were significantly improved (P< 0.05), and all indexes in group B were significantly better than those in group A (P0.05). Conclusion Extracorporeal shock wave assisted drug therapy can effectively reduce joint bounce in TMD patients, relieve patients’ pain, improve patients’ life quality and temporomandibular joint function, and has good safety.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, as its potential benefits for various musculoskeletal diseases, has received widespread attention. Increasingly studies have demonstrated that it has excellent effects such as pain relief and functional recovery. However, bibliometric analysis in the domain of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for pain is relatively lacking. OBJECTIVE: To visually analyze the studies related to extracorporeal shock wave therapy for pain and to sort out the knowledge structure and explore its research status as well as hot trends in this field at home and abroad. METHODS: The publications related to extracorporeal shock wave therapy for pain from 2002 to 2022 in Web of Science Core Collection database and CNKI database were searched. Visual analysis using Citespace software was performed to produce the diagrams and interpret their meanings. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 2 101 studies were included. The number of documents issued showed a fluctuating upward trend and the United States and China had certain advantages in the number of documents issued. The issuing institutions are mainly universities and hospitals and the issuing authors mostly belonged to independent teams. The exchange between issuing institutions and authors needed to be strengthened and the degree of crossinstitutional and cross-regional cooperation was low. Keyword visual analysis indicated that extracorporeal shock wave therapy has been widely used in musculoskeletal diseases and further studies should focus on multidisciplinary in-depth study and observation of the clinical efficacy of combined therapy. The studies on the topic of extracorporeal shock wave therapy treating pain mainly focus on musculoskeletal diseases, including plantar fasciitis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, and tennis elbow. In recent years, combined treatment with ultrasound-guided injection therapy, traditional Chinese treatment techniques and expansion of new fields become research trends and hotspots of concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) therapy on different types of lumbar disc herniation (LDH).MethodsA total of 3,454 patients with LDH admitted to the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qujing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanhan County People's Hospital from February 2020 to February 2023 were selected. According to the different types of LDH, the patients were divided into the central disc herniation group (1,231 cases), the paracentral disc herniation group (1,081 cases) and the lateral disc herniation group (1,142 cases). All patients received ESW therapy and functional exercise guidance. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were compared among the three groups before treatment, on the 2nd and 6th day of treatment, and at the end of treatment. The inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α) were evaluated before and after treatment, and the intervention effects of ESW in the three groups were comprehensively evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant difference in gender, age, course of disease and stage among the three groups (P>0.05). The VAS score of the three groups after 2 and 6 days of treatment and at the end of the treatment period were all significantly lower than those before treatment (PPP>0.05). In terms of JOA score, all the three groups showed a significantly higher score after 2 days, 6 days, and at the end of the treatment period, than those before treatment and the differences were statistically significant (PPP>0.05). In terms of inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α), the level of IL-6 and TNF-α in the three groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (PP

BACKGROUND: Segmental bone defects are prone to non-unions, and its treatment is a formidable clinical challenge. Additionally, the aging population and prevalence of osteoporosis-related fractures make it urgent to further explore a novel strategy to induce osteogenesis in this special population with limited bone generation ability. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the novel strategy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-loaded platelet-rich plasma combined with extracorporeal shock wave in reconstruction of segmental bone defects in osteoporosis. METHODS: The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells pretreated by extracorporeal shock wave were co-cultured with platelet-rich plasma and the cell biocompatibility was tested by CCK-8 and live-death staining. Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was detected by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and RT-PCR detection. New-Zealand rabbit models of osteoporosis were established and segmental bone defects of the radius were prepared. The combined treatment strategy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-loaded platelet-rich plasma implantation and extracorporeal shock wave was used. The bone regeneration of radius samples was analyzed by Micro-CT and histological evaluation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In vitro, platelet-rich plasma combined with extracorporeal shock wave significantly promoted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and migration, as well as induced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by upregulating the deposition of calcium nodule, and expression of alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2) and osteocalcin. (2) In vivo, Micro-CT analysis and histological evaluation indicated this combination strategy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-loaded plateletrich plasma implantation combined with extracorporeal shock wave significantly enhanced bone regeneration in osteoporotic segmental bone defects. (3) The results indicated that this novel strategy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-loaded platelet-rich plasma implantation combined with extracorporeal shock wave could improve the poor osteogenic microenvironment associated with osteoporosis and show the potential for enhancing healing in segmental bone defects with osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hainan Medical University is the property of Journal of Hainan Medical College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by Meta analysis.MethodsThe CNKI database, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), CBMdisc, PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to October 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for KOA. Outcome measures included overall efficiency, visual analogue scale (VAS), Lequesne index score, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index score (WOMAC), and incidence of adverse reactions. Literature screening and data extraction were carried out independently by two researchers, and the literature quality was evaluated according to the Cochrane Collaboration Network standard. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. Relative risk (RR) was used to analyze the binary variables; and the continuous variables with the same unit and measurement method were described by mean difference (MD), while the continuous variables with different measurement methods or units were described by standardized mean difference (SMD). The random-effects model was used for analysis when the included studies were heterogeneous (I2≥50%, PI2P>0.1).ResultsA total of 13 RCTs with 1 132 cases were included, 577 in the observation group and 555 in the control group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the overall efficiency of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant [RR=1.13, 95% CI(1.05, 1.22), P=0.000 8]; the Lequesne index score of the observation group decreased more significantly after treatment than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant [SMD=0.68, 95% CI(0.47, 0.90), PPPRR=0.42, 95% CI(0.13, 1.33), P=0.14].ConclusionExtracorporeal shock wave therapy is safe and efficient in the treatment of patients with KOA, and is recommended for clinical application. Due to the quality limitations of the included studies, high-quality, multi-center RCTs with large sample size are still needed to verify the clinical effects in the future.

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal shock wave is a new treatment method that has been widely used in various medical fields and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of extracorporeal shock wave on the proliferation and autophagy of chondrocytes from osteoarthritis rats in vitro and to explore the mechanism of extracorporeal shock wave in the treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS: Primary chondrocytes were isolated and cultured from the articular cartilage of extremities of 1-week-old clean-grade Sprague-Dawley rats. Chondrocytes at passage 3 were randomly divided into control group (without any treatment), interleukin-1β group (10 μg/L interleukin-1β for 24 hours), extracorporeal shock wave group (1.5×105 Pa extracorporeal shock wave for 500 times), interleukin-1β+extracorporeal shock wave group (10 μg/L interleukin1β for 24 hours+1.5×105 Pa extracorporeal shock wave for 500 times). The viability and proliferation of chondrocytes were detected by cell counting kit-8 method. The mRNA expressions of Beclin 1, P62, Atg5 and LC3 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stimulation with interleukin-1β for 24 hours decreased the viability and proliferation of chondrocytes compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the interleukin-1β group, chondrocyte viability and proliferation were increased in the interleukin-1β+extracorporeal shock wave group (P < 0.05). The expression of Beclin 1, Atg5 and LC3 was down-regulated and P62 expression was increased in the interleukin-1β group compared with the control group (P < 0.05), whilst the expression of Beclin 1, Atg5 and LC3 was significantly increased and the expression of P62 was decreased in the interleukin-1β+extracorporeal shock wave group compared with the interleukin-1β group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that extracorporeal shock wave can promote the proliferation and autophagy of osteoarthritic chondrocytes, thus regulating the progression of osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of external radiative shock wave combined with sodium hyaluronate injection in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis（KOA）. Methods Sixty-two patients with KOA be divided into observation group and control group randomly,with 31 cases in each group. The observation group included 13 males and 18 females,the mean age was（62.35±9.70） years old,and the course of disease was（3.06±1.49） years. There were 16 males and 15 females in the control group,the mean age was (60.87±1.56) years old,and the course of disease was (2.74±1.53) years. The Extracorporeal Shockwave therapy (ESWT) was given firstly,then the Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid（HA） was injected 2 days later in the observation group.The control group was treated with HA only 1 week.Both of the groups were treated once a week for 5 weeks.The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and Mc Master University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC）were used to evaluate the difference in efficacy between the two groups,at the time of before the treatment,1 week after the treatment and 3 months after that.KOA patients were divided into observation groupⅡ and control groupⅡaccording to Kellgren-Lawrence grading (Ⅱ，Ⅲ). VAS score and WOMAC score of observation groupⅢ and control groupⅢwere compared before and after treatment,respectively.Results The VAS score and WOMAC score in both group were significantly lower than those before at the time of 1 week and 3 months after treatment (P<0.05),while 1 week after treatment and 3 months after treatment the VAS and WOMAC scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The WOMAC score of the observation group was further decreased after 3 months than 1 week after treatment (P<0.05). In kellgren-Lawrence class Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients,the scores of observation group and control group decreased after treatment compared with before treatment (P<0.05),VAS of observation group decreased 1 week after treatment in classⅡgroup,but the difference was not statistically significant,WOMAC score decreased (P<0.05).VAS and WOMAC scores of kellgren-Lawrence gradeⅢpatients were lower than those of control group 3 months after treatment (P<0.05),VAS and WOMAC scores of Kellgren-Lawrence grade Ⅲ patients were lower than those of control group 1 week and 3 months after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion The ESWT combined with HA can significantly reduce the joint pain and improve knee joint mobility more effectively than HA alone in the treatment of KOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To observe the effect of extracorporeal shock wave combined with occupational therapy therapy on forearm pronation disorder in children with spastic cerebral palsy(SCP).Methods:A total of 42 children with SCP were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, with 21 cases in each group in the children rehabilitation department of the affiliated Nanhai maternity and children's Hospital of Guangzhou university of traditional Chinese medicine from January to December 2019.The control group was given targeted occupational therapy, including upper limb forearm pronator stretching therapy, neurophysiological therapy(Bobath technology), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation therapy(PNF); game type occupational training including placing objects in forearm supination position, supination grasping stick, supination fetching game, palm and back game, etc..The above training was conducted once a day, 30 minutes per time, six times a week, three months as a course of treatment, continuous treatment for two courses.The observation group was given extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the basis of the control group.The child with SCP was in a comfortable position and the forearms of the upper limbs were placed on the plane so that it could free its own gravity.The abdomen of pronator teres muscle was impacted with the probe of shock wave therapeutic instrument(pressure intensity: 1.0-1.5 bar;frequency: 8-10 Hz;impact times: 1 000-2 000 times).Three to five minutes each time, once every three days, twice a week, three months as a course of treatment, continuous treatment for two courses.Before treatment, after treatment for three months and six months, the modified Ashworth scale(MAS)was used to evaluate the spasticity of forearm pronator muscles;the active range of motion(AROM)of forearm supination was measured by joint range of motion protractor;and the fine motor quotient(FMQ)of hands was evaluated by Peabody development motor scale-fine motor(PDMS-FM).Results:Before treatment, there was no significant difference in MAS score, AROM angle and FMQ score between two groups(P>0.05).Compared with before treatment, the MAS scores of the two groups decreased significantly after treatment for three and six months, and the AROM angle and FMQ score increased significantly, the difference was statistically significant(PP

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock wave (ESWT) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA). Methods From the establishment of the database to July 2020, the clinical randomized controlled trials related to ESWT in the treatment of KOA which were searched by computer from CNKI, WanFang, WangFang Medical Network, VIP, Zhangqiao Research, Doctor Search, CBM, Chinese Medical Journal Full Text Database. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literature were screened with 2 researchers, the data and the quality of the included literature were extracted and evaluated. The documents which meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed by Revman version 5. 3 statistical software. Results A total of 16 articles were included in the study, with a total of 1 259 patients. Meta-analysis results suggest that after ESWT treatment of KOA, the test group patients' visual analogue scoring method score [mean difference (MD) = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) (0. 92,2. 61), P <0. 000 01], osteoarthritis index score [ MD=4. 63,95 %CI (-1. 05,10. 31),P =0.11], Lequesne osteoarthritis se-verity index [MD =1. 27,95%CI (0.86, 1.68), P<0. 000 01], Lysholm score [MD= —9. 48, 95 %CI ( —14. 69, —4. 26), P =0.000 4], clinical total effective rate [relative risk was 0. 85, 95 %CI (0. 76,0. 96),P = 0. 006] were better than those of the control group. Conclusion Evidence at this stage shows that ESWT has a certain positive effect on relieving pain and improving joint range of motion in the treatment of KOA patients, and it has a reliable effect and is worthy of clinical recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on the hand function recovery on patients with Colles fracture after conservative therapy.Methods:A total of 24 patients with Colles fractures who had treated with manipulative reduction and gypsum bandage fixation were randomly divided into ESWT group and control group, with 12 cases in each group. The control group was trained with general hand function recovery rehabilitation approach, the ESWT group was treated with extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the basis of the control group.Results:After treatment, the AROM and TAM scores of wrists of the two groups were significantly improved than those before treatment, with statistically significant differences (PPPP

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the elasticity of the radial wrist flexor and ulnar wrist flexor muscles is related to the power of gripping, and the tension and stiffness directly affect the pinching force on the thumb side and the palm gripping ability. Extracorporeal shock waves have a definite effect on alleviating post-stroke limb spasm. OBJECTIVE: To observe the immediate effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity of flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris in stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty stroke patients with hemiplegia who met the inclusion criteria were given a single session of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris. The oscillation frequency, logarithmic decrement, dynamic stiffness of flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris were detected using a muscle tone measurement device Myoton-3 before treatment and 5 minutes after treatment. At the same time, the Modified Tardieu Scale was used to evaluate spasticity of wrist flexor before and after treatment. The study protocol was implemented in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, and the enrolled patients and their families were fully informed of the whole trial. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment, the oscillation frequency, logarithmic decrement, dynamic stiffness, and quality of muscle response of flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris were significantly reduced in all the patients (P < 0.01). The maximum passive range of motion of wrist extension and angle of catch following a fast velocity stretch wrist flexor were significantly higher than those before (P < 0.01). In conclusion, a single session of extracorporeal shock wave therapy can effectively reduce muscle tone and stiffness, and improve elasticity of flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris in stroke patients. And it can also improve the maximum passive range of motion of wrist extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave (ESWT) combined with drilling decompression on joint function, muscle strength and quality of life in patients with early femoral head necrosis. Methods: The clinical data of 80 patients with early femoral head necrosis admitted from September 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into group A (n=37, drilling decompression therapy) and group B according to the treatment method. Group (n=43, borehole decompression combined with ESWT treatment), the joint function, muscle strength, quality of life and complications of the two groups were compared. Results: The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of the two groups at 3, 6, and 9 months after treatment were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and the Harris score of the hip joint was higher than before treatment (P<0.05); group B after treatment The VAS score of 3, 6, and 9 months was lower than that of group A, and the Harris score of hip joint was higher than that of group A (P<0.05). The scores of the eight dimensions of physiological function, emotional function, physical pain, physiological function, vitality, social function, general health, and mental health of the two groups of patients 9 months after treatment were higher than those before treatment, and group B was higher than group A ( P<0.05). 9 months after treatment, patients in group B had less muscle strength at level 3 than before treatment and at the same time point in group A, and patients in group B had more muscle strength at the same time point before treatment and group A (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with drilling and decompression alone, ESWT combined with drilling and decompression in the treatment of early femoral head necrosis can effectively reduce the patient's pain symptoms, improve the patient's joint function, muscle strength and quality of life, without increasing the occurrence of complications rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Related studies have shown that extracorporeal shock wave therapy has a positive effect on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, but its effectiveness in treating knee osteoarthritis is not very clear, and the final results of various related studies are not same. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for knee osteoarthritis using meta-analysis. METHODS: Chinese and English databases were searched in detail from inception to December 2019. The inclusion criteria were developed based on the Prisma principle to screen the randomized controlled trial of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for knee osteoarthritis. The treatment method of the experimental group was extracorporeal shock wave therapy or extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with drugs and arthroscopic debridement. The treatment method of the control group was one of drug treatment, ultrasound treatment, laser treatment, exercise therapy, arthroscopy or blank control. The quality of the included literature was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.1 bias risk assessment tool. Relevant data were analyzed using RevMan v5.3 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 21 randomized controlled trials were included, with a total of 1 736 patients with knee osteoarthritis, including 895 in the experimental group and 841 in the control group. (2) Meta-analysis shows that the visual analogue scale score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group [SMD=-1.18, 95%CI(-1.42, -0.95), Z=9.75, P < 0.000 01]. Joint motion range was greater in the experimental group than in the control group [SMD=-1.69, 95%CI(-2.01, -1.36), Z=10.16, P < 0.000 01]. WOMAC score was lower in the experimental group than in the control group [SMD=-9.66, 95%CI(-13.12, -6.20), Z=5.47, P < 0.000 01]. (3) The results show that extracorporeal shock wave therapy for knee osteoarthritis has a certain positive effect on pain relief and joint motion range. However, the number of cases included in this study is small, and subsequent large-scale multi-center studies are needed to further clarify the relevant utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the clinical effect of extracorporeal shock wave combined with traditional Chinese medicine fumigation in the treatment of frozen shoulder. Methods A total of 40 cases with frozen shoulder from February 2017 to April 2018 in our rehabilitation center were selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the observation group and the control group, 20 cases in each group. The observation group received extracorporeal shock wave combined with traditional Chinese medicine fumigation, while the control group received traditional Chinese medicine fumigation. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and clinical were assessed at pretreatment, 2 weeks after treatment and 4 weeks after treatment. Results After 2 weeks and 4 weeks treatment, VAS was significantly improved after treatment in both group, and the observation group was better than the control group(P<0.05). Total efficiency of the observation group[90.0%(18/20)] was higher than the control group[60.0% (12/20)] ,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =4.800, P = 0.028). Conclusion Extracorporeal shock wave combined with traditional Chinese medicine fumigation in the treatment of frozen shoulder can significantly improve the shoulder pain, restore shoulder function,and has significant effect. It is worthy of clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the effects of different intensity of extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) transplantation on the repair of bone defect in rats and explore the optimal stimulation parameters of ESW in this therapy. Methods • A total of 150 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The bone defect model was built by drilling a round hole in the femur middle segment with a dental drill. BMMSCs of SD rats were isolated and cultivated in vitro. The third generation of BMMSCs was implanted into the bone defects where ESW with different stimulation parameters was applied. Ten rats in each group were sacrificed 2，4，and 6 weeks after treatment. X-ray examination and HE staining were respectively used for radiological and histological observations. Radiological and histological scores were evaluated. Expressions of osteogenic related proteins were measured using Western blotting. Results • ESW significantly promoted the local osteogenic activity of the bone defect model. The rats receiving ESW of 8.5 kV and 2 Hz generated calluses earlier and more than other rats. Histological staining showed that their new bones were more mature and Western blotting indicated that the increase in expressions of osteogenic related proteins (RUNX2, ALP, and Col I) was more significant as well. Conclusion • ESW combined with BMMSCs transplantation can promote the expression, of osteogenic related proteins and accelerate the healing of bone defect. 8.5 kV and 2 Hz are tlie optimal stimulation parameters of ESW for the repair of bone defect in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and extracorporeal shock wave in treating chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy., Methods: From February 2019 to August 2021, 42 patients with chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy were selected and divided into PRP group(20 patients, 28 feet) and shock wave group (22 patients, 29 feet). In PRP group, there were 12 males and 8 females, aged 47.00(28.00, 50.75) years old, and the courses of disease ranged 7.00(6.00, 7.00) months;PRP injection was performed in the Achilles tendon stop area of the affected side. In shock wave group, there were 16 males and 6 females, aged 42.00(35.75, 47.25) years old;and the courses of disease was 7.00(6.00, 8.00) months;shock wave was performed in Achilles tendon stop area of the affected side and triceps surae area. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) were applied to evaluate clnical effect before treatment, 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment, and satisfaction of patients was investigated., Results: VAS and VISA-A score in both groups were significantly improved at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment than before treatment ( P <0.05), VAS and VISA-A score in PRP group at 6 months after treatment were significantly higher than those at 1 and 3 months after treatment, and VAS and VISA-A score in shock wave group were lower than those at 1 and 3 months after treatment ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS and VISA-A score between two groups before treatment, 1 and 3 months after treatment( P >0.05), while VAS and VISA-A score in PRP group were better than those in shock wave group at 6 months after treatment( P <0.05), and the satisfaction survey in PRP group was better than that in shock wave group( P <0.05)., Conclusion: PRP injection has a good clinical effect on chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy with high patient satisfaction, and medium-and long-term effect of PRP injection for the treatment of chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy is better than that of extracorporeal divergent shock wave.

Objective: To observe the clinical curative effect of wentongzhenfa (warming and promoting technique of acupuncture) combined with extracorporeal shock wave in treatment of type Ⅲ prostatitis., Methods: A total of 96 patients with type Ⅲ prostatitis were randomly divided into an observation group (48 cases) and a control group (48 cases). In the control group, the extracorporeal shock wave was combined with even-needling technique of acupuncture at Guanyuan (CV4), Mingmen (GV4), Zhongji (CV3), Zusanli (ST36), etc. In the observation group, the extracorporeal shock wave was combined with "warming and promoting technique" of acupuncture at the same acupoints as the control group. The treatment lasted 30 min each time, once daily in either group. There were 2 days of interval after consecutive treatment for 5 days. Totally, the duration of treatment was 1 month in two groups. The clinical curative effect was assessed after treatment. Before and after treatment, the changes in the concentrations of tumor nerosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and IL-6 in prostatic fluid were determined; and the symptoms were scored, i.e. frequent, urgent and burning painful urine, difficulty in urination, dribbling urine, distending pain in perineum, bitter taste and dry mouth, and scrotal dampness. The changes in the scores of National Institute of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), international index of erectile function (IIEF), visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated befroe and after treatment. Successively, before treatment, after treatment, as well as 1 and 3 months after treatment, the quality of life was evaluated by Karnofsky in the patients of two groups., Results: After treatment, the total effective rate was 89.6% (43/48) in the observation group, higher than 70.8% (34/48) in the control group ( P <0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the prostatic fluid were all decreased ( P <0.05) and the concentration of IL-6 was increased ( P <0.05), the scores of symptoms, NIH-CPSI, IIEF and VAS were all reduced ( P <0.05) in two groups. The changes of the above indexes were more obvious in the observation group than those in the control group ( P <0.05). After treatment and 1 and 3 months after treatment, Karnofsky scores all increased ( P <0.05) in two groups，and the increases were more significant in the observation group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: "Warming and promoting technique" of acupuncture combined with extracorporeal shock wave promotes the elimination of local inflammatory factors, relieves clinical symptoms, improves the quality of life, as well as has a satisfactory short-term and medium-term curative effect on type Ⅲ prostatitis.

Objective To analyse the effect of extracorporeal shock wave and deep muscle stimulation（DMS）for the treatment of calcaneodynia. Methods During June 2016 to December 2017，60 patients with calcaneodynia were divided into observation group（30 cases）and control group（30 cases）.The observation group was treated with extracorporeal shock wave and DMS therapy，and the control group was treated with only extracorporeal shock wave. The degree of pain was compared between the two groups at the time points of 7，14，and 28 days after treatment. The treatment efficiency were compared between the two groups after treatment. Results After treatment，the degree of pain of the both groups were decreased，and the score of pain in the observation group was lower than the control group（P<0.05）. The effective rate of the observation group was obviously higher than the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The utility of extracorporeal shock wave and DMS could obvious reduce the patients′ pain，with better clinical effect than extracorporeal shock wave therapy，therefore be applicable for clinical therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by prospective clinical study., Methods: Between June 2015 and June 2018, 180 patients with KOA met the inclusion criteria were included in study and randomly allocated to group A ( n =60), group B ( n =60), and group C ( n =60). The patients were treated with autologous PRP intra-articular injection in group A, extracorporeal shock wave therapy in group B, and extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with autologous PRP intra-articular injection in group C, once a week and 5 times a duration of treatment. There was no significant difference in age, gender, disease duration, side of KOA, and Kellgren-Lawrence grading between groups ( P >0.05). The pain and function of knee joint were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Lequesne Index score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and knee joint activity before treatment and at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after the first treatment., Results: There were significant differences in VAS score, Lequesne Index score, WOMAC score, and knee joint activity between pre- and post-treatment in all groups ( P <0.05). VAS score, Lequesne Index score, and WOMAC score gradually decreased with the prolongation of treatment time ( P <0.05); but there was no significant difference in knee joint activity between different time points ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS score, Lequesne Index score, WOMAC score, and knee joint activity between groups before treatment ( P >0.05); the scores of group C were superior to groups A and B ( P < 0.05) at different time points after treatment; while the knee joint activities of 3 groups were similar ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: The extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with PRP injection can relieve the pain synergistically for KOA.

Extracorporeal shock wave (ESW), as a noninvasive, safe, and effective treatment, was applied to the treatment in osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) since the end of last century. Although this therapy is more and more widely used, there are many traps and challenges. We recommend using the high-energy focus ESW to treat ONFH, rather than using the low energy radial pressure wave. Furthermore, for different types ONFH, scientific personalized treatment planning should be made first. There are demands of multicenter united researches for this unknown field of ONFH treated with ESW, and so to provide high-level evidence-based medicine evidence.