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BACKGROUND: Targeted therapy based on nuclear transcription factor kappa B signaling pathway to explore neuroinflammation is increasingly worth exploring, and the advantages of Chinese medicine such as many targets, wide range, rich mechanisms, and few side effects have great potential in the treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE: Based on the nuclear transcription factor kappa B signaling pathway, this paper systematically expounded and summarized the research progress of kaempferol, safflower yellow, baicalin, and triptolide in the treatment of neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. METHODS: Search terms “spinal cord injury, inflammation, anti-inflammatory, traditional Chinese medicine monomer, monomeric compound, NF-κB signaling pathway, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, esters, alkaloids” were searched in CNKI and PubMed databases. Totally 67 articles were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The role of nuclear transcription factor kappa B signaling pathway in the nervous system is complex and diverse, which can regulate neutrophils, microglia, astrocytes, and macrophages, and mediate the occurrence and development of inflammation after injury. (2) The effects of traditional Chinese medicine monomers such as baicalin on the degradation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B inhibitory protein, the inhibition of phosphorylation process by safflowerin on nuclear transcription factor kappa B signaling pathway, and the inhibition of kaempferol on nuclear transcription factor kappa B signaling pathway p65 nuclear translocation can reduce the impact of inflammatory response on the body, thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function. (3) The nuclear transcription factor kappa B signaling pathway can promote inflammation and immune cell migration and activation in the early stage of injury, and can promote the repair of injury site and the occurrence of fibrosis in the middle and late stages of injury. Appropriate activation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa B signaling pathway can promote the release of inflammatory factors, improve the antioxidant capacity of cells, and promote the activation of immune cells, but the over-activated nuclear transcription factor kappa B signaling pathway can easily lead to the occurrence and continuation of chronic inflammation and the inhibition of apoptosis. (4) Future research can further explore how to accurately regulate the activation level of nuclear transcription factor kappa B signaling pathway, how to achieve precise intervention for nervous system inflammation and injury, and can also focus on the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine monomers and the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine monomers on signaling pathways, in order to provide more effective treatment strategies for the rehabilitation and functional recovery of neurological diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five monoterpenoid compounds(1-5) were isolated and purified from the acetone fraction of the aqueous extract of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens by MCI, Sephadex LH-20, silica gel, semi-preparative HPLC, and TLC. Their structures were identified with multiple spectroscopical methods including 1 D-NMR, 2 D-NMR, and MS. The five compounds were identified as(2E,6Z)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl-(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acrylate(1),(2E,6E)-8-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-die-noic acid(2),(E)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenoic acid(3), linalyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), and β-D-glucopyranoside-(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl(5), respectively.Compound 1 was a new monoterpene ester, and compounds 4-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.