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Aluminum is an important metal material in people's modern life, and bauxite is the main raw material for the production of aluminum. With the continuous development of domestic aluminum industry, the demand for bauxite resources is increasing year by year. However, the quality of domestic bauxite resources is poor, the supply is insufficient, and the degree of external dependence of bauxite is high, which brings a serious threat to the supply security of aluminum resources in China and restricts the sustainable development of China's aluminum industry. In order to cope with the scarcity of high-quality bauxite resources in China, the development of complex and difficult-to-process bauxite resources, such as high sulfur and high iron bauxite, is crucial to ensuring the strategic security of China's bauxite resources. China has a large amount of complex bauxite resources, such as high-sulfur and high-iron bauxite, which is more than 1.5 billion tons, accompanied by other strategic metal resources, which is urgently needed to be efficiently developed and advanced technology is used to realize the industrial application of this kind of typical poor and miscellaneous bauxite. Excessive sulfur and iron impurities in bauxite will have non-negligible effects on the process of aluminum extraction by Bayer process, such as corroding equipment and pipes, increasing alkali consumption and red mud, affecting the quality of alumina and so on. Therefore, starting with the present situation and characteristics of high-sulfur and high-iron bauxite resources in China, the current research progress of desulphurization and iron removal process of high-sulfur and high-iron bauxite has been summarized. The main desulfurization technologies such as flotation desulfurization, perorating desulfurization, biological desulfurization and physical iron removal, chemical iron removal and biological iron removal are summarized. The industrial application level of various processes is discussed and several typical examples of industrial application of high-sulfur and high-iron bauxite are given. It will provide theoretical support for the development and utilization of complex bauxite resources in China, make effective use of difficult-to-process aluminum resources, reduce China's dependence on foreign aluminum resources, and improve the supporting force of bauxite resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the practice of modern local architectural construction, how to build traditional "Chinese style roof" through Western advanced technology became a hot issue. Due to the collision between Chinese and Western culture and technology, some common damage problems emerged in the form-oriented "Chinese style roof" architectural heritage. This paper looks at the office building of Zhongshan Botanical Garden in Nanjing built in the 1950s, points out the collision between the translation of typical forms and the integration of Chinese and Western construction technologies from the perspective of current damage analysis, and puts forward the way of repair and reinforcement through "minimum intervention", which will provide a more profound cognitive basis and reference direction for the conservation of "Chinese style roof" architectural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rolling Stock (1002-7602) is the property of Rolling Stock Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Patent is an important part of intellectual property with high technology content and the utilization of patent documents plays an important role in many aspects. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the retrieval methods of common patent websites at home and abroad and study the application of patent retrieval in clinical and scientific research, so as to guide clinical researchers to increase the utilization of patent documents. METHODS: This study detailed the historical development and classification of patents and the characteristics and retrieval methods of six patent retrieval systems commonly used at home and abroad, i.e., Espacenet, USPTO, Free Patents Online, Derwent Innovation Index, CNIPA, and CNIPR. Taking “demineralized bone matrix” as an example, the retrieval methods of patents were displayed and the retrieval results were compared and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The latest information on demineralized bone matrix can be obtained by the retrieval of patent literature, which is more accurate and novel than other literature. In the six commonly used patent search systems, Espacenet contains a wide range of patents, and the advanced search method is simple, effective and easy to master. CNIPA is conducive to tracking the latest patents in a certain technical field. Different patent retrieval systems have different retrieval rules; therefore, it is necessary to input search words for retrieval according to the standard expression form of patent information in each database. The combination of classification codes and search words can improve retrieval efficiency. By making full use of the management functions of some patent retrieval systems, we can keep abreast of domestic and foreign patent information, track the latest scientific achievements, and serve scientific research and technological innovation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soilless culture is the most advanced technology in modern agriculture, with nearly 180 years’ history. It breaks through the limitation that agricultural production depends on soil, and starts a new agricultural mode of offering an unlimited possibility in terms of time, space, yield and quality of agricultural production, which will play an important role in solving three key problems of human survival such as resourses, environments and foods. At present, soilless cultivation has been transferred from stage of experimental research to a stage of production and application, its key technology is becoming more and more mature, its production system is gradually improving, and its industrial scale is rapidly expanding. In this paper, the developmental status of soilless culture in the world was analyzed, and its technical progresses was introduced from three aspects such as nutrient solution, cultivation medium, cultivation system and its supporting equipment. Then we put forward some key research and development tasks, such as theoretical research, technical standards, supporting technologies, simplified technology integrating, nutrient solution recycling, and intelligent technology of soilless cultivation. The application prospect of soilless cultivation technology was analyzed from the aspects of green, environmental protection, water saving, high efficiency, high quality, modern agricultural production, and the development of urban and non-cultivated land agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital age, high technology brings people with high emotional demand. It is also true for the built environment. In the existing post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of the built environment, methods focusing on user's emotional experience are always qualitative instead of quantitative, and also lack framework which could integrate digital tools. Based on the multidimensional interaction between people and the built environment in the digital age, this study introduces the affection evaluat ion scale in the field of psychology, combining big data approaches and integrating quantitative and qualitative tools to explore the multidimensional affection evaluation methods applicable to the built environment. The evaluation of the High Line Park in New York City serves as an example to initially test the validity of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Terrorism has received widespread attention from all over the world, and researchers have explored construction of event model. However, there are less temporal, spatial and semantic relationships in event models currently, and the diversified expression of event pose challenges to construct an event model. Therefore, it is urgent to construct a terrorism event model combining temporal, spatial and semantic features.Methods: Based on the analysis of event components, we propose a three‑layer terrorism event model which is proposed and designed with the advanced technology of knowledge graph. Results: Without expanding the concepts and relationships, the multi‑source heterogeneous data is integrated to represent the conceptual hierarchy of event as well as the temporal, spatial and semantic relationships.Conclu⁃ sions: In the prototype system, the feasibility and effectiveness of the model is confirmed with three cases: Macro overview, temporal backtracking and semantic display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Major disasters and accidents happened from time to time, posing serious threats to the people􀆳s lives, property, and sustainable developments of human social economy. As an important part of post-disaster emergency response, emergency evacuation makes great contributions to reducing casualties. With massive efforts of researchers from various domains for decades, many valuable patterns of evacuation were observed and excellent models have been proposed to develop the emergency evacuation theory and methodology. However, the disaster and accident types, affected people, and emergency scenarios embedded into emergency evacuations for major disasters and accidents are very complicated and diverse. As a result, the focuses and methodologies of emergency evacuation models are widely different, greatly increasing the difficulty of understanding its research status from a global perspective. Methods: In order to solve this issue, we review and briefly criticize the literatures of emergency evacuation models from multiple perspectives, including emergency evacuation behavioral modeling, evacuation simulation, evacuation strategy optimization, implementation of emergency preparedness plans, and so on. By collecting, classifying, and summarizing current research status, a clear clue of emergency evacuation researches is presented. Results: Within this classification system, the evacuation requirements of major disasters and accidents, evacuation behavioral characteristics, functions and application scenarios of evacuation models, advantages and disadvantages of evacuation models would be easily captured. Furthermore, the bottlenecks of current unsettled challenges, burgeoning high technology, and future directions are presented from the author's opinion for the next developments of emergency evacuation researches. Conclusions: With these systematic and methodical introductions, readers can easily understand the evacuation models and their applicable scenarios from both global and local perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oil Drilling & Production Technology / Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi is the property of Shiyou Zuancai Gongyi Bianjibu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research of Environmental Sciences is the property of Research of Environmental Sciences Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: In the past, the main end-stage treatment of osteoarthritis was joint replacement surgery. In recent years, with the prevalence of the concept of knee-protection and the continuous development of internal fixation materials and surgical techniques, unicompartmental replacement, a minimally invasive technique, has been widely used in the treatment of patients with single-chamber osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in osteoarthritis patients using robotic-assisted or traditional manual methods by meta-analysis systematically. METHODS: We searched for clinical control studies published from 1999 to March 2019. The retrieved databases included Embase, PubMed, Central, Cinahl, PQDT, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang, Cochrane Library, CBM and other databases. Five outcomes including tibial component implantation accuracy, femoral component implantation accuracy, tibiofemoral component safety zone, operation time and complications were selected to compare the efficacy differences between robotic-assisted techniques and traditional manual methods systematically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) According to the above retrieval strategies, eight foreign literatures were included.(2) By comparison, we found that the robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was superior to manual methods in the accuracy of tibial component placement [95%CI(-2.13,-0.63), P=0.000 3], femoral component placement [95%CI(-2.49,-0.32), P=0.01] and the tibiofemoral component safety zone [95%CI(1.05, 17.57), P=0.04] with significant statistical difference.(3) Although robotic assistant technology took longer operation time [95%CI(12.58, 42.33), P=0.000 3], it did not increase the incidence of complications [95%CI(0.75, 3.71), P=0.21].(4) In unicompartmental replacement surgery, robotic assistant technology has higher accuracy and does not increase the incidence of complications. It is a more ideal surgical method than traditional manipulation. These conclusions need to be validated by a larger sample and a higher quality randomized controlled study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offshore deep cement mixing method requires high construction technology, in order to meet the construction quality requirements, dozens of equipment should be operated simultaneously in the construction process, it is simply not possible to do it by manual operation. Through PLC and WinCC, "Si Hang Gu Ji"DCM ship automation control system integrates the ship moving and positioning system, auto leveling system, DCM processor control system, mixing and transporting cement paste control system and monitoring system and other subsystems into one, realizing the full automation of moving and positioning of the ship, auto leveling, mixing and transporting cement paste and pile construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Telecommunication Engineering is the property of Telecommunication Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technology characterized by high monitoring precision, large scale and continuous spatial coverage, has become a powerful means to solve the problems of deformation monitoring in water conservancy projects. To circumvent the difficulties of InSAR time se- ries analysis in deformation monitoring of reservoirs, a systematic research of methodologies and applica- tions is carried out in this paper, considering the complexity and particularity of the application environ- ment. Results from the application in the Guangnan Reservoir reveal that high -precision deformation time series can be extracted, which verifies that it is effective in deformation monitoring of reservoirs through In- SAR time series analysis. Time series InSAR technique has great potential for reservoir safety survey and retrospect of deformation history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The principle, means of engineering, technical characteristics and advantages of high gravity technology were introduced. The reaction principle and technical characteristics of C4 alkylation by sulfuric acid method were analyzed and expounded. The application of high gravity technology in the process of C4 alkylation of concentrated sulfuric acid was introduced. The application of high gravity technology in the process of C4 alkylation of concentrated sulfuric acid was strengthened due to the mixing effect of acid-hydrocarbon reaction system. Compared with stirred alkylation in laboratory, the mass fraction of C8 component was increased by 27. 9%, the mass fraction of C9+ component was increased by 22. 1%, and the RON value of the product was increased by 9. 0 units. Compared with the industrialized concentrated H2SO4 alkylation process, the RON value of alkylated oil can be increased by 1. 9 - 3. 9 units. The application of high gravity technology in sulfuric acid alkylation is of great application value to improve the reaction effect, enhance the technical level and satisfy the domestic demand of oil quality upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Practice teaching is the main way to cultivate students’ practical innovation ability, so it plays an important role in training high-tech talents with engineering literacy. The practice teaching mode and implementation process have important impacts on the effect of practice teaching. In view of the problems existing in the practice teaching of traditional engineering specialty, this paper explores the practice teaching of electronic packaging technology specialty, introduces the education idea of OBE into the practice teaching, studies the practice teaching resources and mode, establishes the process platform based on the enterprise production line, and adopts the opening practice teaching, constructs a modular, progressive, pluralistic and innovative practice teaching mode with the deep participation of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of non-uniform large deformation control of narrow pillar roadway, the narrow coal pillar roadway in Fenghui Coal Mine was used as the engineering background. The field survey, laboratory experiments, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were used to study the stress and plastic zone distribution characteristics of surrounding rock of mining roadway under the influence of different coal pillar sizes. The deformation and failure laws of narrow coal pillar roadway and the movement characteristics of overlying strata structure were analyzed, and the mechanism of non-uniform deformation of narrow coal pillar roadway was revealed. Mining stress fields are superimposed, and results in a large abutment pressure; the structure of overlying strata is asymmetric, and causes a significant partial load effect; due to the small size and low strength of coal pillar, it is difficult to provide an effective support for the roof; and the supporting scheme is symmetrically arranged, and poorly targeted, which are the main reasons for the non-uniform deformation of narrow pillar roadway. Based on the difficult control characteristics of surrounding rock in narrow coal pillar roadway, the differential support technology with "the change of roadway support mode, the enhanced support density and grouting modification of broken surrounding rock" is proposed to strengthen the control of local large deformation of surrounding rock to give a full play to the carrying capacity of surrounding rocks. On-site monitoring results show that the non-uniform deformation of narrow coal pillar roadway during the service is effectively controlled, the surrounding rock is very stable. The differentiated support technology has a high reference value for the same type of roadway surrounding rock control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The philosophical meanings of information technology (IT) have derived from its daily usages but they are not completely equivalent in that IT in the sense of "modern technology" includes the traditional IT as well. From the philosophical meanings of "technology", we can safely conclude that IT not only includes the implement information technology, but also the body information technology. And from the philosophical meanings of "information", it can be confirmed that IT is different from the mass-energy production technologies and the implement information technology in the strict sense is merely "signal technology". It is the body information technology that makes the real information technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the inherent attribute of high-tech evidence material, epistemological error in the aspect of substance and the risk of deprivation of procedure right are likely to be caused. Therefore, a new attribute "rebuttable" of evidence should be established beyond the evidence capacity and proof force in order to prevent that risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trade of high-tech products is of importance to both China and the United States. Discussing the current situation of the trade, the model of normal market share was used to analyze empirically the causes of the growing Sino-America trade of high-tech products. The results revealed that the upgrading competitiveness was the main cause of the export growth from China to America, and the cause of import growth from America to China lay in the joint effect of upgrading competitiveness and growing demand. However, the growth rates of the trade of different products were obviously not the same due to different causes. Thus, such a growth was facing many uncertainties. China should take valid strategic measures to promote the trade of high-tech products between the two countries sustainably and soundly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With 21 evaluation indices picked up including high-tech R&D cost, total funds raised for technology development, total amounts of contracts with technologies introduced from foreign countries, etc. , a factorial analysis was made to calculate the overall scores for the innovative capacities in 30 provinces, cities and autonomous regions by way of taking the measures of contribution of information provided by all common factors as weigh coefficients. Such an empirical results revealed that the technological innovative capacity in different regions tends to gradient descending from East China to West China with big difference and, as a whole, the capacity is low at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is significant to carry out the party construction in state high-tech new district. Wuxi achieves success as well as leaves some new problems to be discussed and solved. The paper discusses how the work adapts to the new times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content, form and artistry of any artistic/literal creation involve the descent of the inheritance formed from history, and different artistic/literal routes were formed in accordance to either the content or form being stressed. Normally any successful artistic/literal creation did not depend singly on its content or form but on the high-level combination of both content and form. Researched the relation between inheritance and innovation of artistic/literal works. Discusses the necessity of innovation including its nature, connotation and precondition so as to distinguish the innovation from doing those works unconventional and unorthodox intentionally. Analyses the direction and content of innovation at different levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing historically what the role the technological progress played in the Olympic Games, it is found that the technology acted as an assistant at the beginning then turned to be a supporter and nowadays the means the Games have to depend on. The fact is a necessity for the evolution of the Olympic Games, which reveals that the technology embedding into the sports is not a contingency but a far-reaching consequence of socio-economical progress. Discusses the basis characteristics of such a coincidence: speed-up in technologic applications, all-round introduction of technology into sports, a variety of technologies applied to athletics and especially the self-fulfillment of the technologies to be used specially for sports. The combination of technology with the Olympic Games has now been a global phenomenon, and the former becomes increasingly the powerful guarantee of a successful Olympic Games. A stable technology system has therefore gradually been formed specially for the Olympic Games which has become a new engine to develop technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What happended first when studying the history of technology is how to understand technology. A basic viewpoint of technology is indispensable to studying its history, and the basic viewpoint in combination with the exploration of the essence of technology formed the theory of technology. Technology itself always tends to develop, as well as the concept of technology. Technology was understood insofar as with the change in its form, various component ellements and social functions. So, a viewpoint that technology is always developing should be applied to the different understanding of technology in the study on the history of technology. Technology is an independent entity which combines the objective means with subjective capability, i.e. , a dynamic process combining the subject with object. It means that no process, no technology. In such a thinking way a more definite thought as guide-line will be provided to the study on history of technology with the object and scope both clarified. Moreover, the study on the history of technology will thus not be limited to the externals of technological development but penetrate its connotation covering the system and structure of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BME( bio-medical engineering) is nowadays a promising and very important high-tech industry, but in China the R&D level of BME lagged far behind the world advanced level. In this respect, China's market has been monopolized by the western developed countries and the deficits in the trade of BME products is huge. The fact implies that China's BME industry is facing a survival crisis under such an impact in the early 21st century. The current situation is mainly because of out-of-date policies including technical standard, credit guarantee and import duty, which are restricting the sound growth of BME industry. It is urgently necessary to explore our policy flaws in comparison to the experience in developed countries so as to formulate appropriate fostering policies to achieve the goal of BME to grow by leaps and bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]