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In this study, the effect of annealing atmosphere on the electrical properties, optical properties, microstructure and defects of ZnO∶Al films was investigated in detail. The crystallization, surface and fracture morphologies, electrical properties, resistivity, transmittance, Raman vibration and photoluminescence of ZnO∶Al films were characterized by SEM, XRD, Hall effect test instruments, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, Raman spectra and PL spectra. The results show that after annealing in air atmosphere, the carrier concentration of AZO films decreases from 1.63 × 1020 cm−3 to 7.1 × 1018 cm−3, the optical band gap varies from 3.51 eV to 3.37 eV, the transmittance in NIR increased and the band edge emission in PL spectrum shifted from 3.49 eV to 3.34 eV. On the other hand, while the carrier concentration of AZO films annealing in H2 atmosphere was 5.3 × 1020 cm-3, the optical band gap increases to 3.78 eV, the transmittance in NIR decreases remarkably, the emission intensity of the band edge increases by more than 10 times and the band edge emission in PL spectrum shifts to 3.57 eV. Furthermore, the 4 order LO phonons are observed in ZnO:Al films annealed in air.

Silicon carbide (SiC), as a typical representative of the third-generation semiconductor material, has performance advantages in wide band gap, high thermal conductivity, high breakdown electric field and large electron drift velocity, etc., and is considered to be one of the ideal materials for high temperature, high frequency, high power and high voltage devices. SiC can effectively break through the physical limits of traditional Si-based power semiconductor devices, known as a green energy device that drives the "new energy revolution". As the core material for the manufacture of power devices, the growth of SiC single crystal substrate is very important, especially the preparation of single 4H-SiC polytype. Due to the better crystallographic compatibility and similar formation free energy among different polytypes, the grown SiC bulk crystals are prone to produce polytype inclusions and then seriously affect the device performance. Therefore, in this paper, the basic principle, growth process and existing problems of SiC crystal prepared by physical vapor transport (PVT) method are summarized firstly. Then the possible inducing factors for the formation of polytype inclusions were given and the relevant mechanisms are also discussed. In addition, the common identification methods of SiC polytype structures are further introduced. Finally, a prospect for the research of SiC single crystal are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate PHEX gene mutations in 2 patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) and their families and to clarify the genetic etiology. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of two patients with XLH. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the PHEX gene, a pathogenic gene of XLH. PCR-Sanger sequencing was used to verify the distribution of mutations in families. Results Both patients had novel mutations in the PHEX gene; one patient had a frameshift mutation, c.931dupC, which caused early termination of translation and produced the truncated protein p.Gln311Profs*13; the other patient had a splice site mutation, IVS14+1G>A, which caused the skipping of exon 15 and produced an incomplete amino acid chain. Their parents had normal gene phenotypes. Conclusions c.931dupC and IVS14+1G>A are two novel mutations of the PHEX gene and might be the new pathogenic mutations of XLH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global occurrences of lake eutrophication have led to algal bloom and the subsequent algal decomposition, releasing high amounts of algae-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the lake water. Algae-derived DOM could regulate the quantity and composition of DOM in lake water and further impact the biogeochemical cycles of multiple elements. In this study, the dynamic changes in the quantity and quality of DOM during algal decomposition under different eutrophic scenarios (e.g., from oligotrophication to severe eutrophication) were monitored, and the corresponding environmental effects (e.g., microbial responses and greenhouse gas emissions) caused by algal decomposition were further explored. The results showed that algal decomposition significantly increased the DOM levels, bioavailability, and intensities of fluorescent components in the water. The total DOM levels gradually decreased, whereas the average molecular weight increased along the decomposition process. Furthermore, unsaturated hydrocarbon and aliphatic compounds were preferentially utilized by microorganisms during algal decomposition, and some refractory molecules (e.g., lignin, condensed hydrocarbons, and tannin with high O/C values) were synchronously generated, as evidenced by the results from ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The dominant bacterial species during algal decomposition shifted from Proteobacteria (46%) to Bacteroidetes (42%). In addition, algae addition resulted in 1.2-5 times the emissions of CO 2 and CH 4 from water, and the emission rates could be well predicted by the optical index of a 254 in water. This study provides comprehensive perspectives for understanding the environmental behaviors of aquatic DOM and further paves the ways for the mitigation of lake eutrophication.

Sediment cores from a newly formed urban lake (Longjinghu Lake in China's Chongqing City) were selected to study the vertical distribution characteristics of both nitrogen and phosphorus from the overlying water to porewater, and then fluxes of ammonia (NH4+ -N) and orthophosphate (PO(3-)(4)-P) from different areas of the lake were calculated using a one-dimensional transport-reaction model based on the Fick's First Law. The results showed that the mean ammonia concentrations in porewater of surface layers (0-5 cm) was 6. 13 mg-L-1 +/-3.07 mg.L-1 , higher by a factor of 10 compared with that in the overlying water. While orthophosphate contents tended to increase downwards, reaching a peak in surface sediment porewater, and then decreased in downcore, with a mean concentration of 2. 01 mg.L-1 +/- 1.05 mg L-1. Based on the porewater diffusion model, ammonia were released from sediments to overlying water, which indicated potential internal nutrient releasing risk. Although the flux of ammonia in the "initial lake area" was higher than that in the "newly submerged area", the annual load contribution from the "newly submerged area" was 85% (3.95 t.a-1). Similar to ammonia, orthophosphate was also released from sediments to overlying water in the "initial lake area", with the highest fluxes in the former Longjinghu Lake and Longjingou Lake Reservoir, reaching 7. 89 mg. ( m2 d)-1 and 6. 13 mg ( m2 .d)-1, respectively. However, in a portion of the "newly submerged area", orthophosphate in the overlying water was transported to the sediments, resulting in negative fluxes ranging from - 1.93 to -2.78 mg (m2 d) -1. The annual load of orthophosphate from the whole sediments was 0. 357 t.a-1, with 72% contributed by the "newly submerged area".

Anxiety is usually generated because of the threatened feeling. The data of electrocardio, respiration, blood volume pulse and skin conductance signals were collected. The arithmetic of Relief were used for the feature selection and combined with k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) arithmetic and Support Vector Machine (SVM) arithmetic for classification. The results show that the combination of Relief-SVM is better than combination of Relief-kNN on the recognition of anxiety state. The emotion recognition based on multi-physiological signals is superior to that based on one single signal.

Objective: To study the qualitative and quantitative determination of Zhuang medicine Jasmini Sambacis Flos and establish its quality control standard., Methods: Macroscopic, microscopic and TLC identification were adopted to carry out the qualitative identification, the mensuration of inspection items and extractum were according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The contents of quercetin and kaempferide in Jasmini Sambacis Flos were determined by HPLC., Results: The qualitative identification methods had strong specificity. In HPLC quantitative determination, the linear range of quercetin and kaempferide was in the range of 0.4008 - 3.2064 microg and 0.0403 - 3.2256 microg, respectively., Conclusion: These methods are simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used to control the quality of Jasmini Sambacis Flos effectively.

In this paper, experiments were designed for inducing neutral, terrified, excited, annoying emotions, and also low, middle, high, three levels of tension emotions of stress state, respectively. Based on the multi physiological signals generated by the subjects in emotions, such as heart rate and respiration rate and so on, we extracted features from these data which had been eliminated the baseline. Then the Particle Swarm Optimization method was adopted to optimize the features selection from the features of multi physiological signals, and combined with k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm, different emotions and varying degree tensions were classified. The result shows that the classification accuracy of the kNN method with SPO and baseline eliminated is better than the traditional kNN method.

Three representative input tributaries of Danjiangkou Reservoir in the upper reach of Hanjiang River, the largest tributary of Yangtze River, were selected for annual water quality monitoring from April 2010 to April 2011, to analyze dynamic characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the river mouth areas, and then to assess the states of nutrition by comprehensive trophic level index. The results showed that the annual average concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Shendinghe River, receiving both industrial and domestic wastewater from Shiyan City, were 11.63 mg x L(-1) and 0.93 mg x L(-1), which were 3 times and 12 times higher respectively comparing to that of Wulongchi stream that received little agricultural non-point source pollution. While for Dabaihe River, polluted by moderate agricultural non-point source pollution combining with waster water from a small town, had slightly higher TN and TP concentrations than that of Wulongchi stream. In temporal scale, TN concentrations during the flooding season were higher than those during the dry season, while the situation was opposite for TP. The mean mass fraction of NH4(+) -N/TN was 69% in Shendinghe River, while 20% less than others. As for nitrate nitrogen (NO3(-) -N), it ranged from 1.3 to 2.7 mg x L(-1) and the mass fractions of SRP/TP varied from 30% to 45%. All of these three tributaries were in the state of eutrophication, and nutrition stoichiometry analysis revealed that Shendinghe River was in the state of nitrogen limitation, while the river mouth area stayed in phosphorus limitation.

Objective: To observe the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on thyroid inflammation and Th1/Th2 cells in rats with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT)., Methods: Forty-eight female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely the prevention group treated with 1, 25-(OH)2D3 from 0 to the 6th week (n=10), treatment group with 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment from the 2nd to the 8th week (n=10) after immune sensitization, positive control group (n=12) and the negative control group (n=16). All the rats were challenged with porcine thyroglobulin for immune sensitization until the 6th or 8th week except for those in the negative control group. In the prevention group and treatment group, the rats received 1,25(OH)2D3 at 5 microg/kg by intraperitoneal injection every other day, while those in the positive and negative control groups were given peanut oil instead. The thyroid pathologies, serum autoantibody level and cytokine levels were examined after the treatments., Results: The thyroid gland remained structurally intact in the negative control group. In the positive control group, the thyroid showed obvious inflammatory change with structural disruption and even disappearance of the thyroid follicle. The structure of the thyroid gland follicles was intact in the prevention group and treatment group. No significant differences were found in the autoantibody and cytokine levels between the prevention group and negative control group (P>0.05). Compared with the positive control groups, the autoantibody and IFN-gamma and IL-12 levels decreased significantly in the treatment group, but the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were markedly increased (P<0.05)., Conclusion: 1,25(OH)2D3 given before the establishment of the EAT model helps maintain structural integrity of the thyroid gland and normal levels of the antibodies and cytokines in rats. 1,25(OH)2D3 can ameliorate the pathological changes of the thyroid gland and correct the cytokine disequilibrium in rats with EAT.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical manifestations of laryngeal tuberculosis and its laryngoscopic characteristics., Method: Clinical analysis of 36 laryngeal tuberculosis cases confirmed pathologically was carried out retrospectively., Results: The patients' ages ranged from 19 to 78 years old (median 39.5 years old). The male to female ratio was 1.8 to 1. The most frequent chief complaint was hoarseness (83.3%). The true vocal cord and the false vocal cord were usually found involved by fibrolaryngoscope observations. The lesions appearances were mainly the proliferation such as nodules or granules. The laryngostroboscopy demonstrated that the wave of the mucosa and vibration of the involved vocal cords were markedly reduced or disappeared. Among 24 patients with multiple lesions in the larynx, 19 (79.2%) had active pulmonary tuberculosis,while 9 (75.0%) had normal lung status among 12 patients with single lesions in the throat. All the patients received a full course of antituberculosis treatment. The results of the antituberculous medication was satisfactory in all 26 cases patients who can be followed up, while 10 cases were lost for the follow-up., Conclusions: The local clinical manifestations of laryngeal tuberculosis is nonspecific, while the whole manifestation is not apparent. The lesions commonly involve the true vocal cord and the false vocal cord. It can even occur without pulmonary tuberculosis.