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Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Crop straw was a byproduct of agricultural production and the largest renewable resource on Earth. China was a country with abundant crop straw resources. Lignocellulose was the main component of straw cell wall and a recyclable material resource with great potential in the field of feed. The structure of lignocellulose was tight and complex, and its utilization was difficult. Using biological methods to degrade lignocellulose was a green, safe, and efficient way. This article provided an overview of the composition and structure of lignocellulose, with a focus on the types of microorganisms that degrade lignocellulose in nature, as well as the degradation mechanisms of each component of lignocellulose by microorganisms, so as to provide a reference for the study of biodegradation of lignocellulose and promote the development process of straw feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of lignocellulose and liquefaction mechanism were introduced, and the research status, effects and defects of different catalysts for solvent thermal liquefaction were also reviewed ・ Due to the complex structure and high crystallinity of lignocellulose, it is not conducive to liquefaction, and the pretreatment of lignocellulose was proposed, including physical pretreatment, biological pretreatment and chemical pretreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomass Chemical Engineering is the property of Editorial Office of Biomass Chemical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Enzymatic treatment is a green and environmentally friendly method used to improve the hydrophilicity of polyester fabric in polyester modification. This article aimed to enhance the hydrolysis of polyester fabric by altering the reaction conditions of porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) hydrolysis, including reaction temperature, reaction pH, enzyme dosage, and reaction time, as well as the addition of surfactants. The experiments were evaluated by Box-Behnken optimization test based on single-factor test using the release of hydrolysis products as an evaluation index. The results show that the factors affecting the hydrolysis of polyester fabric by PPL are reaction time (24 h) > surfactant (Tween 80, 2. 5 g/L) > reaction temperature (60 °C) > enzyme dosage (80 U/mL) > pH (7). The optimal hydrolysis process conditions optimized by the model were as follows: the reaction temperature 59 °C, pH 6. 6, enzyme dosage 67 U/mL, reaction time 31. 2 h, surfactant mass concentration 2. 1 g/L, and the theoretical hydrolysis product 531. 862 mg/L. The relative error between the experimental and predicted values under the optimum conditions is 5. 3%. Under this condition, the water contact angle of treated fabric surface decreases by 19. 8%, and the mechanical properties are better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering is the property of Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lignocellulose, composing of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, is an important component of plant cells. It can enhance the mechanical strength of plant cells and tissues, and is of great significance for ensuring the transport of plant nutrients and stem support. Rapeseed is one of the most significan oil crop in China and the world. It can be used for oil, feeding, vegetables, honey and sightseeing. Lignocellulose can also effectively guarantee the mechanical strength of plant cells and tissues, and improve the resistance to lodging, diseases and insects. The research progress of lignocellulosic synthesis and the regulation mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana and rapeseed is reviewed. The research of lignocellulosic in Arabidopsis thaliana is expected to promote the further research of rapeseed, and the potential application of the lignocellulosic research in rapeseed is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Millet protein was used as raw material to prepare food-derived peptides with antioxidant activity and angiotensin transferase (ACE) inhibitory activity. Alkaline protease, neutral protease and flavor protease were used to hydrolyze millet protein. Three components with molecular weight < 3, 3-10 ku and > 10 ku were obtained from the hy-drolysate obtained by alkaline protease for 4 h, and their antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities were determined. The results showed that the polypeptides with molecular weight < 3 ku obtained from the hydrolysate obtained by alkaline protease for 4 h after ultrafiltration had the highest antioxidant activity and ACE inhibitory activity, with DPPH scavenging capacity of 38.44%, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of 81.62%, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity of 68.49%. The inhibitory activity of ACE was 87.53%. The polypeptides obtained by this method have low molecular weight, high content of functional amino acids, and have good antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities, which provide a basic for the development of antioxidant peptides and ACE inhibitory peptides, and provide a theoretical basis for the future industrial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products is the property of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cellulosic ethanol, as a clean and renewable green energy, has promising application prospects. However, the fermentation process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using lignocellulose to produce ethanol is susceptible to various stresses，thus improving the stress tolerance of fermenting microorganisms has become an essential topic in the field of biorefinery. In this work, we attempted to engineer cells to use the output of the internal redox-sensitive biosensor Yap1 to drive intracellular metabolic reactions（including ROS metabolism and aldehyde degradation）, which will improve the tolerance of S. cerevisiae to reactive oxygen species and aldehyde inhibitors. Firstly, we analyzed the sequences of several native endogenous promoters（PTRR1, PTRX2, and PMET16）in S. cerevisiae that can be regulated by the redox-sensitive biosensor Yapl and their response strengths to typical inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Secondly, we designed redox-sensitive genetic parts in order to improve the stress resistance of S. cerevisiae by combining the promoters with corresponding resistance genes. Finally, we tried to integrate the better performing GP-CTT and GP-ADH in tandem to construct a dual-genetic parts system, which was named GP-AC. The integration greatly improved the ability of S. cerevisiae to cope with multiple complex stresses, and the cell death rate decreased by 69.6% under the coexistence of aldehyde and oxidation stress. Compared with GP-CTT, the specific growth rate, glucose consumption rate and ethanol production rate of GP-AC increased by 64.2%, 60.1%, and 58.9%, respectively. At the same time, the catalase activity of the recombinant strain increased by 40.2% compared with the single genetic part. In conclusion, this study systematically improved the stress tolerance of S. cerevisiae by rationally designing the genetic circuit of redox-sensitive genetic parts and strengthening the intracellular vital antioxidant enzymes and aldehyde degradation pathways. It provides new insights for rationally designing and constructing feedback genetic circuits to dynamically improve yeast robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The refractory lignin is an important factor restricting the utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes resources with high lignocellulosic content. Screening lignin-degrading strain can provide reference for efficient utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes. [ Method] In the study, strain was isolated from extensive collection of plant litter materials by using guaiacol chromogenic method and aniline blue fading method. The enzyme activities of three lignin-degrading enzymes ( laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase) were measured. To further verify the degradation ability of the strain, vineyard prunings (common agricultural and forestry wastes) were selected as materials to analyze the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in liquid fermentation of vineyard prunings. [ Result] A strain HUA with lignin decomposition characteristic was screened from plant litter. The strain HUA showed obvious reddish-brown color circle on guaiacol-PDA plate, and finally produced decolorizing reaction on aniline blue-PD A plate. Based on morphology and molecular biological methods, it was identified as Peniophora crassitunicata. Three lignin-degrading enzymes (laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase) in fermentation broth of this strain were 53. 18, 174. 01, 9. 51 U/L, respectively. The results of vineyard prunings liquid fermentation showed that the strain could degrade lignocellulosic components effectively. After 20 days of fermentation, the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin reached 17. 50%, 36. 55%, 10. 33%, respectively. [Conclusion] The strain HUA obtained in this study promotes the degradation of lignocellulose components in vineyard prunings, which provides high-quality strain resources for the efficient degradation of lignocellulose and accumulated relevant data for subsequent application studies of strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomass Chemical Engineering is the property of Editorial Office of Biomass Chemical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The present paper aimed to screen, isolate and identify the high-yield lignocellulose-degrading endophytic fungi from Taxillus chinensis (DC.) seeds, and provide technical support for the acquisition of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes with strong capacity and T. chinensis artificial cultivation. [Method] The endophytic fungi of T. chinensis seeds were isolated by conventional tissue separation method. Wheat bran was used as substrate for lignin biomass. The activities of laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and cellulose degrading enzyme were determined by ABTS method, veratrol method, phenol red method and cellulase (CL) activity detection kit. The strains with strong lignocellulosic degradation ability were screened and their classification status was determined according to morphological characteristics and phylogenetic tree analysis. (Result) Four high-yielding lignocellulosic degrading strains (15H3, 2013, 106 and 10y11) were selected from the 57 strains of endophytic fungi from T. chinensis seeds. Among them, the lignin peroxidase activity of strain 15H3 and the manganese peroxidase activity of strain 2013 reached the peak when cultured in the crude enzyme solution of endophytic fungi from T. chinensis seeds for 11 days, they were 7.14 and 11.69 U/mL, respectively. At 9 days, the laccase activity of strain 106, cellulase activity of strain 2013, the manganese peroxidase activity of strain 10y11 were the highest, which were 57.98,0.32 and 8.56 U/mL, respectively. By morphological observation and molecular biology identification, strain 15H3 and 2013 could be identified as Pestalotiopsis arceuthobii and Coniella pseudogranati, respectively. Strains 106 and 10y11 were identified as Fusarium incarnatum. [Conclusion] The endophytic fungi P. arceuthobii, C. pseudogranati and F. incarnatum with high production of lignocellulosic degrading enzymes were screened and identified from T. chinensis seeds, which could provide theoretical basis for the study of the degradation mechanism of T. chinensis invasion into host cell wall and provide data support for the breeding of T. chinensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbon-rich agroforestry auxiliary materials can be regulated to improve the humification and quality in aerobic composting of food wastes. However, it is still unclear on the effects of different auxiliary materials on the humification in food waste composting and their corresponding microbially driven mechanisms, thus limiting the effective selection and utilization of auxiliary materials. Herein, three typical carbon-rich agroforestry auxiliary materials were selected fromdifferent sources, including garden waste, corn straw, and watermelon vine. A systematic investigation was then implemented on their effects and mechanisms on the organic humification in food waste composting. Some parameters were then measured, such as the organic matter fraction, humic substances, and their precursors. Moreover, the high-throughput sequencing and Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX) database were also used to analyze the succession and function of the microbial community during composting. Results showed that the addition of 15% corn straw (wet weight) effectively adjusted the matrix structure to enrich the functional bacteria and thus enhance the compost maturity. Specifically, the watermelon vine with the high protein content was promoted the rapid temperature increase at the beginning of composting, but unfavorable to maintain the thermophilic stage for better product humification. In contrast, the garden waste and corn straw addition were enriching more bacteria (such as Ureibacillus, Bacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Flavobacterium) for the xylan and cellulose degradation at the thermophilic, cooling, and mature stages. Such enrichment in turn promoted the conversion of organic matter into humus precursors (i.e., polyphenols and amino acids) for stable humic acid production. Especially, the corn straw as an auxiliary material promoted the humification by 75%, indicating the accelerated degradation of organic matter. Anyway, the corn straw can be expected to effectively increase the bacteria with the lignocellulosic degradation function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional process showed low efficiency in the conversion and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass, which greatly limited the high-value utilization of bioresources. The lithium salts had exhibited great potential in efficient conversion and application of lignocellulose. In this paper, the system properties of lithium salt solvents were introduced. The research progress of lithium salt solvent systems in the conversion and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass was reviewed, and effects on the preparation of cellulose derivatives, high efficient conversion of glucose, preparation of platform compounds and biochar was emphatically analyzed. Meanwhile, the problems existing in the utilization of lignocellulose in lithium salt solvent system were summarized, and the future research direction was suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biochemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the important methods for producing environmentally friendly bioenergy from agricultural and forestry wastes. Among them, lignocellulose is the most important form of biomass energy, and it is one of the important ways of biorefinery to convert lignocellulosic into fermentable sugar by means of biochemical transformation, and further conversion into fuel ethanol and chemicals, which has received extensive attention and research from various countries. In this study, Poplar wood was added to 60% ethanol aqueous solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (w/v) with 0.025 mol/L of metal salts (FeCl3, CrCl3, CuCl2, FeCl2, ZnCl2, MnCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, NaCl and LiCl) at a speed of 300 r/min, and the reaction continued for 10 min at 200 ℃ in a high-pressure reactor. The influence of different metal-salts catalyzed ethanol pretreatment of poplar on the chemical composition, sugar composition, microstructure and enzymatic glucose yield of poplar were studied. Furthermore, the additives (Tween 80, tea saponin, BSA, and xylanase) were added to the enzymatic hydrolysis, the effects of different metal-salts catalyzed ethanol pretreatment and additives on enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar were explored by comparing the glucose yield, resulting in the optimal combination of metalsalt and additive for poplar enzymatic hydrolysis. Through the pretreatment of poplar wood with different metal salts catalyzed ethanol pretreatment, it was found that the degradation of hemicellulose and lignin by trivalent and divalent metal salts was obvious. Through XRD, the crystallinity (CrI) of poplar raw material was 64.14%, and its CrI increased to 78.63%, 78.65%, 78.92%, 77.26%, 75.79% and 70.33% after pretreatment with FeCl3, CrCl3, FeCl2, MgCl2, NaCl and LiCl- catalyzed ethanol. This is because the relative crystallinity of crystalline cellulose in pretreated poplar is increased due to the removal of amorphous hemicellulose and lignin during the ethanol pretreatment process catalyzed by metal salts. It has been found that all metal salt-catalyzed ethanol pretreatment has the effect of promoting enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Among them, the trivalent metal salt is better than the trivalent metal salt and the monovalent metal salt as a whole. Through XRD and SEM, it could be seen that the dense structure formed by poplar fiber was destroyed, and the increase of cellulose content led to an increase in its relative crystallinity and exposed more accessible sites, thereby improving its enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. By analyzing the effects of the addition of four additives on the yield and growth rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar in the pretreatment of metal salt- catalyzed ethanol, it was found that the addition of additive could increase the enzymatic hydrolysis speed, shorten the enzymatic hydrolysis time and increase the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Among them, Tween 80 has the widest application range and better effect on poplar pretreated with metal salt catalyzed ethanol. The addition of Tween 80 to the enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar after pretreatment with FeCl3 -catalyzed ethanol yielded the highest glucose yield of 93.44%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution has been one of the most serious environmental issues worldwide, due partly to the excess emissions of heavy metals. Among them, chromium (Cr) is one of the most important raw materials in a variety of industries, including metal mining, tanneries, electroplating, chrome plating, and dye manufacturing. The accumulation of Cr(VI) in the human body cannot be biodegraded, leading to various diseases, such as dermatitis, rhinitis, and even cancer. Thus, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that the permissible limit of Cr for potable water of 0.05 mg/L. The trivalent (III) and hexavalent (VI) Cr forms can often be found in aqueous solutions. Cr(VI) has much higher toxicity, solubility, and mobility than Cr(III). Therefore, it is urgent to remove Cr(VI) from the water environment. Alternatively, the ZVI-embedded biochar can be expected to efficiently remove Cr(VI), due to the synergetic effect of adsorption and reduction. Generally, the ZVI-embedded biochar is produced to load Fe2+/Fe3+ onto precursor biochar, and then reduce the costly chemical reagents (such as NaBH4). However, the conventional processes of ZVI-embedded biochar can often be verbose, expensive, and/or release toxic byproducts. Therefore, it is a high demand for a cheap and convenient strategy to produce the ZVI/biochar. Meanwhile, more than one million tons of branches and leaves are pruned from tea trees each year in China, in order to improve branch growth and tea quality. Most residues are discarded or burned, leading to plant diseases and insect pests, or severe air contamination. Hence, it is imperative to develop new applications of pruned tea residues for environmental protection. Pruned tea residues with a rich number of cellulosic and polyphenolic components can be expected to serve as the biomass feedstocks and reducing agents, and then to synthesize the ZVI-embedded biochar. In this work, an inexpensive and convenient approach was developed for the synthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron-embedded biochar (TLBC-nZVI) using pruned tea residues as biomass feedstocks and reducing agents. A series of batch experiments were carried out to explore the adsorption characteristics of TLBC-nZVI for Cr(VI). Scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) were applied to characterize the microscopic morphology and physicochemical properties of TLBC-nZVI before and after reaction with Cr(VI). The results showed that the nZVI was embedded successfully with the TLBC. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the low pH value, high temperature, and a large amount of adsorbent were beneficial to the removal of Cr(VI). Batch adsorption experiments showed that the TLBC-nZVI shared excellent performance in the Cr(VI) removal (164.7 mg/g) from aqueous solutions. The kinetic studies showed that the Cr(VI) removal was also fit better with the pseudo-second-order model and intra-particle diffusion model. Therefore, the process of adsorption was mainly through chemical adsorption, such as surface complexation, electrostatic interactions, and ion exchange processes. The first region line cannot pass the origin in the intra-particle diffusion model, indicating the limited rate by the diffusion of the boundary layer. The second region fitting demonstrated that intraparticle diffusion was the limiting step. The Freundlich model was utilized to better simulate the isothermal adsorption behavior, indicating the adsorption under chemical action. The adsorption thermodynamics showed that the removal process was a chemical, spontaneous and endothermic reaction. The removal mechanisms were as follows: (i) the protonated TLBC-nZVI adsorbed anionic Cr(VI) by electrostatic interaction under acidic conditions; (ii) Fe0, Fe(II), and some surface functional groups (such as –NH2 and –OH) reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III); and (iii) Cr(III) were removed through complexation, physical adsorption and coprecipitation. The finding can be served as a potential theoretical reference for the resource utilization of pruned tea wastes and the remediation of heavy metal pollution in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advances in New & Renewable Energy is the property of Editorial Office of Advances in New & Renewable Energy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biomass energy has the advantages of recyclability and environmental friendliness. Poplar grows rapidly and has a relatively high cellulose content, making it an excellent raw material for the production of biomass energy. However, the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of poplar are intertwined to form a dense structure, making it difficult to be hydrolyzed in normal cases. In this work, poplar was pretreated by CrCl3 as catalyst, the effect of different temperatures was compared, and the optimal pretreatment temperature was determined. Results showed that under the conditions of 0.05 mol/L CrCl3, solidliquid ratio of 1/10, pretreatment time of 20min, stirring speed of 300 r/min and pretreatment temperature of 160°C, the components of poplar were effectively separated after pretreatment with CrCl3, while 10.4% lignin and 90.0% hemicellulose removal， and cellulose content increased by 35.6%， hemicellulose and lignin content decreased by 85.5% and 29.9%, respectively. The yield of glucose increased by 568.1% after 72h. In addition, the structure and physical properties of the raw and pretreated poplar were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM)、diffraction of X-rays (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). Experimental results indicated that the structure of poplar became loose after CrCl3 pretreatment, improving the contact surface of cellulose. The crystallinity (CrI) of poplar raw material was 63.84%, then increased to 71.07% after CrCl3 pretreatment, which was due to the removal of amorphous hemicellulose during pretreatment. In the FT-IR test, the characteristic absorption peak of acetyl groups in hemicellulose was significantly weakened after CrCl3 pretreatment compared with the raw material, a strong benzene ring characteristic absorption peak was retained at 1510 cm−1, and the characteristic peak of β-glycosidic bonds still appeared around 898 cm−1. It is further demonstrated that CrCl3 pretreatment removed most of hemicellulose and retained the majority of cellulose, which promoted the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis process，but had less effect on lignin. The enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated poplar was conducted under the conditions of pH value is 4.8, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 50 °C, shaker speed of 150 r/min, enzyme addition of 20 FPU/g substrate, surfactant dosage of 150mg/g substrate, exploring the promotion effect of surfactant type, dosage and enzyme addition on enzymatic hydrolysis. It was found that the glucose yield of 69.7% was obtained after 24 h with calcium lignosulfonate, which was higher than that after 72 h without additive. Further extending the hydrolysis time to 72 h, the glucose yield reached 85.5%. When the cellulase loading was 5 FPU/g substrate, the glucose yield with calcium lignosulfonate (68.0%) was constant with that when the enzyme dosage was 20 FPU/g substrate without additive. that the addition of calcium lignosulfonate could reduce the hydrolysis time, decrease the dosage of cellulase, and enhance the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis. Consequently, the CrCl3 pretreatment effectively removed the lignin and hemicellulose, while remained cellulose to promote hydrolysis efficiency. Furthermore, the addition of calcium lignosulfonate as a surfactant in the enzymatic hydrolysis also improve hydrolysis efficiency. This study provides some theoretical support for the improvement of pretreatment and the reduction of enzymatic hydrolysis cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carbon-neutral fuels (such as ethanol and butanol) have gradually drawn much attention in recent years, due to the ever-increasing perception of global warming and environmental protection. Among them, butanol can be expected to serve as one of the promising candidates for biofuels, such as less corrosive, higher octane number, lower solubility in water, and higher energy content, compared with ethanol. However, the high feedstock cost and low productivity can be still a challenge in the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, due to the product's (especially butanol) resistance or toxicity to the current butanol-producing strains. The overall economics of bio-butanol production can be enhanced using the abundant source, and low-price of materials (such as lignocellulose). Nevertheless, it must be appropriately pretreated, when these materials are used as the feedstock for the ABE fermentation. Various compounds can be formed during pretreatment. Moreover, the phenolic acids that are derived from lignin degradation can be the most toxicity inhibitor for the butanol-producing strains. In this study, some excellent strains were screened for the high tolerant phenolic acids stress and high butanol production. A multi-factor screening strategy was carried out to obtain the strain W6, in order to synthesize the sufficient reducing power and high tolerance to butanol. Furthermore, the strain W6 was then domesticated to further enhance the butanol tolerance via the appropriate concentration of butanol stress. As such, strain W6-1 was obtained, where the butanol and total solvent production were (8.22 ± 0.21) and (11.72 ± 0.26) g/L, respectively, which were 14.01% and 16.85% higher than that of strain W6. After that, strain W6-1 was treated to improve the production of butanol using UV mutagenesis combined with the multi-factor screening model. The high butanol production strain W6-2 was then selected after treatment. The butanol and total solvent production reached (9.51 ± 0.06) and (15.32 ± 0.11) g/L, resulting in an increase of 15.69% and 30.72%, respectively, compared with the strain W6-1. Finally, the high phenolic acid-tolerant strain W6-3 was achieved by the adaptive evolution strategy with phenolic acid stress condition. At the end of fermentation, the biomass increased by 50.00%, whereas, the butanol and solvent production of the mutant strain W6-3 increased by 18.17% and 17.49%, respectively, compared with the strain W6-2. When strain W6-3 was in the 0.5 g/L of phenol acid stress environment, the butanol production were 12.11% higher than that of strain W6-2, respectively. Once the phenolic acid stress concentration reached 1.0 g/L, there was no growth in the pre-domestication strain W6-2. However, the total solvent production of (3.42 ± 0.42) g/L was obtained for the mutant strain W6-3, indicating excellent phenol acid tolerance. Taking the puerariae slag hydrolysate as the fermentation feedstock, the production of butanol was (8.54 ± 0.31) g/L in the mutant strains W6-3, which was 26.71% higher than that of the strain W6-2. The phenolic acid tolerance and fermentation performance of the mutant strain were greatly improved after multiple rounds of mutagenesis and adaptive evolution. This finding can provide a reliable theoretical reference to rapidly screen the excellent producing trains, in order to fully meet the requirements of fermentation performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products is the property of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is the resultant waste after extraction of sugar-rich juice from the stalks during bioethanol production. As a typical biomass, the SSB consists of moisture, unspent soluble sugar, and abundant lignocellulosic component (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). The undisposed SSB can inevitably cause the environmental pollution and resource waste. Hence, the effective storage of SSB is necessary for the year-round stable operation of biofuel plants. Among them, ensiling (wet storage) can be an efficient technology available for the SSB preservation and utilization, which enable the SSB to be processed all year around. Moreover, ensiling can also act as a pretreatment strategy, due to the benefits for the cell wall degradation and the improvement of biomass bioconversion for subsequent processing. In this study, the potential of ensiling pretreatment was investigated to fortify with Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant and cellulolytic enzymes on the improvement of ensiling quality to modulate the performance of enzymatic saccharification of SSB. The SSB were ensiled with no additives (CK), Lactobacillus plantarum (L), cellulolytic enzyme (E), and a combination of L and E (LE) for 21 days. The dynamic changes of nutrient composition, lignocellulosic components, and ensiling fermentation characteristics were investigated, and then dynamic evolution of the bacterial community structure was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing at HiSeq2500 platform. Ensiling quality was comprehensively evaluated by membership function method, in order to screen the suitable silages additives in consideration of enzymatic hydrolysis performance. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant and cellulolytic enzymes either alone or in combination was facilitated the lactic acid fermentation to reduce the fermentation losses, as evidenced by the higher content of crude protein, starch, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and cellulose components than that of un-ensiled SSB. The content of dry matter, crude protein and water-soluble carbohydrates in silages with additives were higher than those in the CK, but the content of holocellulose lower. Furthermore, the content of dry matter in the E silages, the content of crude protein in the L silages, and the content of water-soluble carbohydrates in the LE silages were the highest in all silages, respectively. The pH value of all silages significantly decreased to below 4.2, accompanied by the ratio of lactic Acid (LA) and total organic acids (TOA) higher than 0.65 and the ratio of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) higher than 2 during the whole ensiling for 21 days. The content of LA and AA in the L silages were significantly higher than those of silages at the CK (P<0.05), the ratio of LA/TOA and LA/AA in the E silages were significantly higher than those of silages at the CK(P<0.05). The membership function analysis indicated that the silages at the E group shared the highest comprehensive scores at 21 days. The bacterial community structure showed that the Proteobacteria was the main bacteria in all silages during ensiling fermentation. At 21 days of ensilage, Enterobacteriaceae, pantoea and leuconostoc were the main species in the silages at genus level. ACE, Chao1 and Shannon index in the E, L and LE silages were significantly lower than those of CK group (P<0.05). It infers that the ensiling pretreatment with the additives was effectively reduced the microbial richness and diversity. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) was constructed using the relative abundance of bacteria at the genus level, indicating the outstanding separation in the SSB before and after ensiling pretreatment. After ensiling pretreatment, the yield of reducing sugar in all SSB silages significantly increased, compared with the un-ensiled SSB. Consequently, the reducing sugar yield in the E silages increased by 117%. The highest net income of E silages fortified with cellulolytic enzyme was almost three-fold that of un-ensiled SSB using cost-benefit analysis. In conclusion, the ensiling pretreatment fortified by cellulolytic enzymes can be expected to serve as a cost-effective, eco-friendly and tech-feasible strategy for the preservation and pretreatment of SSB biomass. Especially, cellulolytic enzyme can be used to modulate the ensiling pretreatment performance. Therefore, the ensiling quality and the biodegradation performance of SSB silage can be effectively improved for the bioenergy utilization of sweet sorghum bagasse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic materials and realize the greening of materials, in this study, the magnetic photocatalytic materials were prepared by doping Ni-NiO/Fe3O4-GR with lignocellulose as the initial material and TiO2 as the catalytic bulk material. The results showed that the photocatalytic efficiency of methylene blue was significantly different with different proportions of Fe3O4-GR (G1F1). When the addition of photocatalytic material complex G1F1 was at 8.3% of the mass of lignocellulose, the photocatalytic efficiency could reach 91.92%, indicating excellent photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research progress of the application of natural deep eutectic solvents in the pre treatment of lignocellulosic biomass was reviewed・ The four physical and chemical properties of melting point, density, viscosity and solubility were summarized・ The application of binary natural deep eutectic solvents and ternary natural deep eutectic solvents such as carboxylic acids and polyols in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass was summarized・ The application of microwave ultrasonic assisted pretreatment, multi-component natural deep eutectic solvent synergistic pre treatment and two-stage synergistic pretreatment in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass was summarized・ The future research direction of natural deep eutectic solvents was analyzed and prospected ・ In order to provide new ideas for the pre treatment of lignocellulosic biomass with green new solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plastics Science & Technology / Suliao Ke-Ji is the property of Plastics Science & Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of 5-MeV electron accelerator irradiation of 400 kGy on the formic acid cycling separation of cellulose, lignin, and xylose from Triarrhena lutarioriparia (TL) were studied, and the enzymatic conversion rate and structural characteristics of TL cellulose were analyzed. For 400 kGy irradiated TL, the results revealed that the average purity of cellulose was 81.13% and the recovery of lignin and xylose were 28.68% and 10.16%, respectively, which were higher than those of the unirradiated sample. The recovery of cellulose, concentration of xylose, and purity of lignin increased with the increase in cycle times. The final concentration of xylose for pre- and post-irradiated TL were 31.35 mg/mL and 37.35 mg/mL, respectively, and the purity of lignin was more than 90%. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction results revealed that TL cellulose separated by formic acid were formylated and exhibited high crystallinity. The enzymatic conversion rate of TL cellulose was 54.30%–57.47% after hydrolysis for 120 h, this rate was considerably higher than that of TL. These results indicated that the formic acid recycling fractionation process could effectively separate TL lignocellulosic components, which could support its large-scale utilization.

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