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Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the common cardiovascular diseases, and despite the widespread use of biomarkers for myocardial necrosis, morbidity and mortality of AMI remain high. Objective To investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of miR-126, mitochondrial components and adhesion molecules in endothelial microparticles (EMPs) . Methods A total of 50 patients with AMI (AMI group), 50 patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) (SCAD group) and 50 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled in the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from September 2021 to September 2022. AMI patients and SCAD patients were hospitalized in our hospital and received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and all healthy subjects were evaluated by the physical examination center of our hospital. Peripheral blood samples and general data of three groups were collected. The morphology of the microparticles (MPs) was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the level of EMPs was identified by flow cytometry, and the expression of miR-126 in EMPs was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. ELISA was used to detect the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular adhesion molecules [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and P-selectin] in EMPs. Results As observed by TEM, the membrane structure of the isolated MPs was intact and its diameter ranged from 100 to 400 nm. Compared with the control group, the expression of miR-126 in plasma EMPs in the AMI group was significantly decreased (P

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microparticles and apoptotic bodies, are released by most types of cells and carry nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which play a crucial role in communication among cells. In SLE, extracellular vesicles can act as autoadjuvants to enhance the formation of immune complexes and maintain inflammatory states. In this review, the biological origin and messenger role of EVs in cell communication are reviewed, and the research progress of EVs in immune regulation and pathogenesis in SLE is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated platelets secrete bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles(PEVs), which are rich in proteins, have become important mediators of intercellular communication and cargo exchange, being involved in not only hemostasis and thrombosis, but also in immunity and tissue repair. In past decades, many advances have been made in the isolation, characterization and application of PEVs. Platelet activation modes influence the proteomic features of formed extracellular vesicles. The activation ways may be closely related to functional differences. This review summarized the proteomics and functions of PEVs induced by different platelet activation pathways.

In this study, konjac glucomannan was used as wall material and proanthocyanidins as core material. The micro-swelling properties of KGM in the ethanol system were used to prepare PC-loaded KGM microparticles, which provided a new technical idea for colon-targeted delivery of PC. KGM/PC microparticles were prepared by KGM adsorption of PC dissolved in ethanol aqueous solution. Single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were used to optimize the preparation process of KGM/PC microparticles, and the properties of the microparticles were characterized by particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, etc. The release performance of the microparticles in vitro was investigated. The results showed that KGM could successfully encapsulate PC and the loading rate of PC was significantly affected by KGM and the amount of PC added. The optimum process conditions of encapsulating PC with KGM determined by orthogonal optimization, that is, when 16% (w:v) KGM (particle size 50~90 μm) and 11% (w:v) PC were added into 10% (v:v) ethanol solution, the loading rate of PC was (14.75%±0.27%). At the same time, after digestion in the stomach and small intestine for 4 h, 79.47% of PC in the KGM/PC microparticles was not released and reached the colon. To sum up, the encapsulated microparticles have great potential in colon-targeted delivery, which can provide a simple, effective, and safe encapsulation technology for industrial production.

Microparticles (Extracellular Vesicles) which involved widely in multiple biologicalprocesses have properties of diverse functions and complex components. Intercellular messages could betransmitted by microparticles (Extracellular Vesicles) in the biological processes such as vascular regulation,inflammation, coagulation, proliferation and apoptosis. Microparticles (extracellular vesicles) have importantroles for the development of injury and impair that happened perioperatively and long-term prognosis incardiovascular surgery. This review summarizes the research progress of microparticles (extracellular vesicles)in the field of cardiovascular surgery and their prospect for diagnostic and therapeutic clinical application.

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Microparticles(MPs) are submicron vesicles shed from plasma membranes of vascular endothelial cells(ECs), tissue cells or blood cells in response to cell activation and/or apoptosis. Plasma and plaque in atherosclerosis are abundant in different origins of MPs, which not only contribute to the progression of this disease but play an important role in coagulant function abnormality.Microparticles facilitate interactions of ECs and leukocytes, making monocytes adherent to ECs and then migrating to the plaque for elimination of lipid. After phagocytosis, macrophages become apoptotic and deliver substantial MPs that inhibit synthesis and release of NO by ECs, rendering further injury to ECs and leading to the amplification of atheromatous plaque. Additionally, phosphatidylserine as well as tissue factor expressed on MPs impart them high procoagulant activity, thereby a great many MPs formed in lesion and circulation may accelerate the development and deteriorate the hemostatic dysfunction of atherosclerosis. In this study, we will make a concrete review about the roles of MPs in the development and the coagulant function abnormality of atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]