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World natural heritage sites are crucial for the conservation of biodiversity. However, the current contribution and gaps of world natural heritage sites to biodiversity conservation remain unclear. To this end, we analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of the changes in the number and area of world natural heritage sites, and identified the current conservation gaps of world natural heritage sites in the globally important distribution areas of biodiversity, aimed to provide a reference for future screening of potential areas for world natural heritages sites. The results were as follows: (1) As of July 2021, there were a total of 257 world natural heritage sites, 189 of which had been inscribed on list with the primary purpose of conserving biodiversity, accounting for 73.54% of the total. (2) Of the 189 world heritage sites whose main purpose was the conservation of biodiversity, 80 were located in 16 super-rich biodiversity countries, 89 were located in 30 global biodiversity hotspots, 134 were located in global key biodiversity areas, and 170 were located in 12 vegetation biomes. (3) The differences in the spatial distribution of the number of world natural heritage sites were mainly influenced by the combination of factors such as the natural environment, the level of economic development and population distribution. (4) World natural heritage sites made an important contribution to biodiversity conservation but there were still gaps. In the future, the declaration of world heritage sites can be considered in three directions, those are expanding the list of non-renewable geological sites and biodiversity world heritage sites for inclusion in the categories, emphasizing and enhancing the effectiveness of the protection of unprotected priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and strengthening the distribution of under-represented sites in terms of geographic distribution. The results of the above research will be an important reference for guiding the search for areas of unique biodiversity value that have not yet been inscribed for world natural heritage protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of the paper was to study the diversity and growth promoting potential of culturable endophytic fungi in Neuwiedia singapureana, and provide a reference for the exploration of endophytic fungi resources in Hainan of China. (Method) The endo- phytic fungi strains of N. singapureana rooted from the Dialuoshan Nature Reserve in Hainan province were identified by culture method, combined with ITS sequencing, and the phosphorus dissolving and growth promotion ability of some fungi was tested. The endophytic fungi was co-cultured with the protocorms of D. officinale and A. rigida, to test their effects on the growth of the two orchids. (Result) By free- hand sections and microscopic observation, the fungal hypha in the cortex of root of the N. singapureana could be clearly observed. 24 OTUS were obtained, belonging to nine families and 14 genera, among which Trichoderma in Moniliaceae family had the highest isolation rate, with five genera (eg. Cylindrocarpon, Gliocephalotrichum) strains in Nectriaceae followed. Among them, five strains showed different degrees of phosphorus-decompressing ability, contaning Apiotrichum sp. (Neu242), Cylindrocarpon spp. (Neu83 and Neul54), Gliocladiopsis sp. (Neu245) and Mucor sp. (Neul23). Morover, Mucor sp. Neu123 and Apiotrichum sp. Neu242, showed significantly promoting effects on the growth of D. officinale and A. rigida seedlings. [Conclusion] There are abundant culturable fungi in the roots of N. singapureana. The endophytic fungi with potential phosphorus-soluble ability are screened from N. singapureana roots, which can provide growth-promoting strain resources for the artificial breeding of orchids, and also lay a foundation for the research on the mechanism of orchid mycorrhiza symbiotic phosphorus nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The hydrogeological condition and groundwater quality in Wutai area of Shanxi Province are studied by means of investigation, sampling, laboratory testing, geophysical exploration and drilling. It is found that the water quality in the area is in good condition, and the contents of Zn and Sr in some areas have reached the standard of mineral water, with the maximum Zn content of 2.3 mg/L, the maximum Sr content of 1.17 mg/L, the Zn-rich area of 73.71 km², and the Sr-rich area of 134.25 km². High-quality water resources are finally obtained by exploration-production combined drilling, thus a new breakthrough has been achieved for the natural mineral water potential area in Wutai County, which has strongly supported the local healthy drinking water project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With special geographical location, sensitive and fragile ecological environment, unique and mysterious religious customs along the Xinjiang-Tibet railway, protecting the ecological environment and construction according to laws and regulations have become one of the major challenges in the survey and design of the Xinjiang-Tibet railway. Through the investigation, the ecologically sensitive areas that restrict the route selection mainly include Everest Reserve, ecological sensitive areas of holy mountain and lake (Manasarovar nature reserve, Gangrenboqi national forest park, holy mountain and lake scenic area) and Qiangtang Reserve, and targeted research on route selection in three ecologically sensitive areas is conducted. After detailed comparison and selection in terms of engineering setting, geology, operation and maintenance, and environmental protection, the following conclusions and suggestions are drawn after comprehensive analysis: (1) The route scheme along national highway G318 is recommended for the Everest protection section, but it does not meet the requirements of laws and regulations for the time being, and needs further optimization of the design. At the same time, it should be coordinated with the local authorities, and incorporated into the plan for the integration, optimization and adjustment of nature reserves to support the project construction; (2) The route scheme along the national highway G219 is recommended for the holy mountain and lake protection section. Although it meets the requirements of regulations, the scheme should be further refined so as to minimize the length of crossing sensitive areas, optimize the project settings and reduce the disturbance. (3) In the Qiangtang protection section, the west side detour scheme of the national highway is recommended, which is conducive to protecting the fragile ecosystem of the Qiangtang plateau. (4) Where the project involves ecologically sensitive areas, bridges and tunnels are recommended for harmless passingthrough. At the same time, necessary on-site investigation of wild animals and plants and special research on ecologically sensitive areas are carried out, so that the project construction can achieve the feasible goal of the route schemes in ecologically sensitive areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Rhodendron tsaii was recently included in the List of Yunnan Protected Plant Species with Extremely Small Population (2021), the Yunnan Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve was a new distribution record. In order to understand the population and distribution status of Rhododendron tsaii in the reserve, methods such as visits, field surveys and area measurements were used from March to August 2022 to preliminarily investigate the distribution and population status of Rhododendron tsaii in the area. The result showed that Rhodendron tsaii was found in four specific areas within the Hexing Village range. The population distribution area was 3 022.24 m²;. The population consists of 550 clusters, including 223 healthy clusters, 207 sub-healthy clusters, 120 unhealthy clusters, and 2 single young trees. The low seedling rate, narrow population area, rodent infestation, drought, etc. were the main threat factors to the reproduction of Rhodendron tsaii. Due to its narrow spatial distribution and vulnerability to human interference, urgent protective measures were needed to ensure the survival of Rhodendron tsaii. Existing literature data showed that the Yunnan Dashanbao Black-necked Crane National Nature Reserve was the largest known distribution area of Rhodendron tsaii population. Based on the above results, it was suggested that relevant departments take on-site and near-site protection measures, establish a Rhodendron tsaii conservation demonstration area in the reserve, and strictly protect it to restore its population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis is the property of Editorial Office of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultivated land is the foundational resource for grain production, particularly for the food security, ecological safety, as well as the economic and social stability. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the spatiotemporal distribution and driving mechanisms of cultivated land in the major grain-producing regions. Taking the Huaihe Eco-Economic Belt (HHEEB) as this research subject, this study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution and driving mechanisms of cultivated land resources from 1990 to 2020. Remote sensing imagery data was also collected over the past 30 years. Firstly, four periods were divided for the remote sensing image data of land use in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. Arcgis software was used to reclassify 25 second-level into the six first-level land categories. Spatial Analyst function was utilized to statistically analyze the quantity of cultivated land resources at varying scales, and then further analyze the temporal changes and transfer paths of cultivated land resources; Secondly, GeoDa spatial analysis software was also combined to clarify the spatial agglomeration of cultivated land resources; The land use data was overlaid for 1990 and 2020, according to the spatial variation in the cultivated land area at the urban scale. Further exploration was conducted on the spatial changes of farmland resources. 14 driving factors were selected from four aspects: natural driving force, environmental tolerance, agricultural productivity, and economic development. The driving mechanism of cultivated land resources was explored for the factor and interactive detection in the geographical detector; Finally, the FLUS model was used to optimize the allocation of cultivated land resources under both the natural development and protection scenario of cultivated land in 2030. The results show that: 1) The land use structure of the HHEEB was predominantly characterized by the cultivated land, with an average of 68.70% of the total area. Notably, the proportion of dryland was consistently exceeded that of paddy fields, with 71.81% of the annual average cultivated land area. There was the significant reduction in the cultivated land area over the past three decades, with a staggering decrease of 8.63×105 hm² and an average annual reduction of 2.88×104 hm² . This decline was largely attributable to the loss of dryland, which was constituted 81.69% of the overall reduction in the cultivated land. The encroachment of construction land was identified as the primary source of cultivated land loss in the region. 2) The spatial exploration was also performed on the agglomeration of farmland resources. Distinct features were observed with the aggregation distribution divided by the Huaihe River, indicating the typical distribution pattern of southeast paddy fields and northwest dryland. 3) The factor detection showed that the leading driving factors of cultivated land resource distribution included the social driving forces, such as agricultural mechanization level, grain yield, and POP. There was the relatively stable driving force in each element of ecological driving force on the cultivated land resources. The interaction detection show that the pairwise interactions among factors in the agricultural productivity were generally greater than those in the ecological driving forces and the interactions within agricultural productivity. Agricultural productivity was consistently played a dominant role in the spatiotemporal changes of farmland resources. 4) The cultivated land area was projected to decrease by 101 011 hm², if the natural development scenario was remained by 2030. However, the scenario cultivated land protection can be expected to offer the promising outlook with the significant increase of 529 309 hm² in the cultivated land area. It is envisaged on the reclaimed cultivation in the hilly and mountainous areas, the parts of sparse forest and low-coverage grassland in the Tongbai-Funiu Mountains under the proactive protection scenario. Some suggestions can also propose to consider the potential development of coastal waters along the eastern coast for the construction purposes. In addition, it can be expected to reduce the fragmentation of construction land for the high utilization efficiency of agricultural land in the central region. The spatiotemporal variations in the arable land resources can provide a strong reference for the decision-making on the national food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arid Land Geography is the property of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bird resources in Zhangheyuan Nature Reserve was investigated using samples point method and line transect method from July 2018 to September 2019. Based on field investigation data and previously reported data, 181 bird species were recorded in this Nature Reserve, belonging to 15 orders, 46 families, and 118 genera. Among which, 4 species were first class protected birds, 38 species were second class protected birds at the country level, and 25 species were threatened birds in the Red List of China's Vertebrates. There were 77 species having an oriental distribution, 61 species having a palaearctic distribution, and 43 species having a widespread distribution, respectively. Habitat analysis showed that the order of habitat types from highest biodiversity to lowest biodiversity was forest (4.965)> shrub (4.573)> farmland (3.217)>water area (2.237)>residential area (1.651). The similarity between forest and shrub was highest, while the similarity between forest and water area was lowest. The study enriched the basic data of bird resource diversity in Jingshan Mountains, and provided scientific basis for bird resource protection in Zhangheyuan Nature Reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the population quantitative characteristics and regional distribution of wild Viburnum plants in Southwest Hubei, and reveal the survival status and development trend of the following five Viburnum species: V. erosum, V. betulifolium, V. sympodiale, V. setigerum and V. dilatatum. A total of 27 hm2 dynamic monitoring stands were set up in Jinzi Mountains National Forest Farm, Mulinzi National Nature Reserve and Qizimei Mountains National Nature Reserve in Southwest Hubei. The age structure, dynamic quantitative analysis and static life table of five Viburnum species were used to explore the population structure, dynamic characteristics and future development potential of Viburnum plants. The results were as follows:(1)The distribution area and population size of Viburnum plants in Southwest Hubei were significantly different.(2)The age structure of the five Viburnum species displayed as the pyramidal type summarized from population structure and dynamic analysis. The number of individuals of each population was large at the young stage(89.48% of V. erosum in Jinzi Mountains, 76.38% of V. betulifolium, 67.24% of V. erosum in Mulinzi, 62.11% of V. dilatatum, 56.53% of V. sympodiale, 58.44% of V. setigerum), and only a small proportion of individuals(0.18% of V. erosum in Jinzi Mountains, 0.85% of V. betulifolium, 3.29% of V. erosum in Mulinzi, 3.97% of V. dilatatum, 8.37% of V. sympodiale, 2.79% of V. setigerum)at the old stage. The young stage plants of five Viburnum species all had strong growth potentials but were sensitive to external disturbances.(3)The survival quantity of the five Viburnum species was decreasing monotonically with increasing age class presented by static life tables. Except for V. setigerum, the life expectancy reached peak at the young age, all the other Viburnum species populations reached the peak at the middle age. The change trend of mortality rate and vanish rate were similar, but the fluctuation of vanish rate and mortality rate curves were different among different species. The survival curves were tended to be Deevey-Ⅱ type.(4)The four survival function curves showed that all five Viburnum species populations exhibited a substantial decrease at the early stage, stabilization at the middle stage, and decline at the late stage. To sum up, plant resources of Viburnum species are abundant in Southwest Hubei. Therefore, it is scientific and feasible to exploit Viburnum plants rationally. At the young stage, artificial thinning can be carried out appropriately to improve the preserving rate. During the stable middle stage, the dominant species which have good ornamental characters can be selected for appropriate development and utilization. However, some species need to be protected to maintain biodiversity in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explain the difference of survival response of plants at different levels in evergreen broad-leaved forest to the Phyllostachys edulis expansion from the perspective of ecological stoichiometry homeostasis, this study used the method of space-time substitution, a typical P. edulis evergreen broad-leaved forest interface including P. edulis forest, P. edulis broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest was selected in Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province. The N and P contents of soil and leaves of P. edulis, broad-leaved trees, shrubs and herbaceous layer plants in each forest were compared and analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)From bamboo forest to evergreen broad-leaved forest, the soil N content and N:P increased, while soil P content decreased; the leaf P contents of tree species(Machilus thunbergii, Alniphyllum fortunei and Daphniphyllum macropodum)decreased and the N:P increased. Unlike the trees, the leaf N and P stoichiometric characteristics of plants both in shrub and herbaceous layers showed no significant change, except the shrub tree Lindera erythrocarpa.(2)The soil N:P was positively correlated with the leaf N:P of trees, negatively correlated with that of shrubs and had no correlation with that of herbaceous plants, respectively.(3)The leaf N and P contents and N:P for P. edulis remained stable. In conclusion, P. edulis expansion changes plant leaf N and P stoichiometric characteristics by altering the soil N and P stoichiometric characteristics. Shrubs and herbaceous plants are less affected, however, it causes the imbalance of plant N and P stoichiometric characteristics of tree layer plants, which may be an important reason for the survival of tree species in evergreen broad-leaved forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is located in the middle mountainous region of Hainan Province, and it has a diverse landscape with 95.56% forest coverage. Studying the evolutionary aspects of the landscape pattern in time and space in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is extremely important for preserving and enhancing Hainan Province's ecological security barrier. The landscape pattern index, single-motion landscape dynamic attitude and landscape transfer matrix were used to examine the geographical and temporal evolution features of the landscape pattern of 10 land cover patterns in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park between 2015 and 2020. This study used ground cover data from the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park between 2015 and 2020 to develop a landscape pattern distribution system based on actual ecological situations. Other elements that affected the evolution of the landscape pattern in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park included policies, climate and other natural and human factors. The results were as follows:(1)The overall landscape fragmentation of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park reduced from 2015 to 2020, increasing spatial agglomeration of the landscape, decreasing integrated dynamic attitude, and generally steady development of landscape patterns.(2)The area of evergreen broad-leaved forest in the tropical rainforest increased in five years, with an increase of 531.38 km2, a decrease in fragmentation, and a positive growth trend, and the landscape tends to be concentrated in patches; on the other hand, the area of needle-leaved forest and shrubwood significantly reduced, with losses of 189.53 km2 and 294.74 km2 respectively; there was also a partial transformation of water, and the area of the water landscape had been somewhat reduced, and the patches tended to be concentrated and spread; the remainder of the landscape patterns accounted for a relatively modest amount, and developed and changed in the direction of natural succession.(3)The landscape pattern evolution of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park was primarily based on natural succession of the rainforest, followed by a comprehensive impact of policy, climate and other factors, which reduced human factors on the tropical rainforest landscape interference and was conducive to improving the rainforest ecosystem's self-healing capacity. To summarize, the landscape pattern of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has been stable since the commencement of the pilot project, and policy direction has played an essential constructive role. The targeted conservation and restoration of the tropical rainforest landscape will help to the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park's sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The published literature on the bird diversity in Guangxi Nature Reserve were collected by literature collection method, and the differences of bird composition and diversity among different nature reserves were analyzed based on G-F index. Taking Nonggang National Nature Reserve as the center, the similarity of bird composition in different nature reserves were analyzed, and the influences of the distance and area of the nature reserves on the bird similarity were discussed. The literature of the birds in 10 nature reserves were collected, it was found that there were significant differences in the number of species, the number of families each order, the number of genera each family, F index, G index and G-F index among different nature reserves (P<0. 001). G-F index in Damingshan National Nature Reserve and Mulun National Nature Reserve were higher (0. 86). The similarity index between Bangliang National Nature Reserve and Nonggang Nature Reserve was the highest (0. 89), and the similarity index between Mulun National Nature Reserve and Nonggang Nature Reserve was the lowest (0. 30). The number of the same species of the birds in each nature reserve had a significant positive correlation with the similarity index(r = 0. 865, P = 0. 003), and it had no significant correlation with the distance from Nonggang Nature Reserve ( r = -0. 059, P = 0. 881) and the area ( r = -0. 400, P = 0. 981), indicating that the similarity index of birds was only affected by the number of the same bird species in each nature reserve. The results of cluster analysis showed that G-F index of the birds in the 10 nature reserves were divided into three categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild plants are an important part of the natural ecological system, and China is one of the countries with the most abundant wild plant species. It is of great significance to study the distribution characteristics, protection status and potential distribution areas of National Key Protected Wild Plants for supporting and formulating biodiversity conservation strategies. Based on 1 032 species (belonging to 315 genera, 129 families) of National Key Protected Wild Plants, this study used the top 5% richness algorithm to identify hotspots, and superimposed with nature reserves to evaluate the conservation effectiveness and determine conservation gaps of current nature reserves. Furthermore, this study used maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predict the potential distribution and range shifts of National Key Protected Wild Plants. The results were as follows: (1) The areas with the highest species richness of the National Key Protected Wild Plants mainly confined to the south and southwest of China, especially in central Sichuan, southern and southeastern Yunnan, northern Guangxi, northern Guangdong and Hainan. (2) The conservation effectiveness of hotspot grids showed that 171 (85.50%) hotspot grids were efficient protection (including 80.50% of total species), and 29 hotspot grids (14.50%) were not effectively protected (including 51.20% of total species). (3) By comparing the potential distribution area of National Key Protected Wild Plants under current and future climate scenarios, it is found that potential distribution area would expand to southeastern of Xizang, southwestern Guangxi, southern Guangdong, and southern Fujian in the future, while those around Sichuan Basin, southern Yunnan and southern Guizhou would shrink. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the dynamic monitoring of biodiversity and pay continuous attention to the impact of climate change on National Key Protected Wild Plants in the region. Based on the analysis results of hotspot grids, conservation effectiveness and potential distribution areas identified in this study, strong data support and reference can be provided for the identification of diversity priority protected areas for National Key Protected Wild Plants and the formulation of conservation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity is the material basis for human survival. At present, the conservation of biodiversity is mainly carried out through nature reserves. As an essential supplement to the existing nature reserve systems in China, the mini reserve is an essential means to connect fragmented habitats for animals and plants and maintain the integrity of ecosystems. This study systematically collates and analyzes the organizational structure, system construction, daily work, and preliminary results of the community-based Qu'nan mini reserve through a literature review and field investigations. The results are as follows: (1) The construction of the Qu'nan mini reserve is based on the mindset of “self-construction, self-financing, self-management, and self-benefit”. It is managed mainly by “equal discussion and democratic consultation” which has been recognized and supported by local community residents, the local government, and the outside world. (2) The establishment, construction, and development of the mini reserve have not only enhance the protection awareness of community residents and increase the number and diversity of surrounding animal and plant populations. It also improves the living environment of the Qu'nan community and enriches the spiritual culture of residents, significantly contributing to the protection of local biodiversity and traditional culture. In addition, this paper also discusses the hidden dangers in the construction of conservation communities. Some feasible suggestions are proposed to provide a reference for developing biodiversity conservation and other mini reserves in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Wildland Fire Science is the property of Journal of Wildland Fire Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Using the method of on-the-spot sample transect lines and plots survey a comprehensive investigation on the seed plants in the Qialong provincial nature reserve was conducted. The research shows: ① The reserve had a total of 957 species from 480-genera and 132 families. of wild seed plants, including 5 species from 5. genera and 3. families of gymosperms and 952 species from 475. genera and 129 families of angiosperms. The Life-form spectrum showed that the number of woody plants was lower than that of herbaceous plants, the evergreen component of woody plants was lower than that of deciduous components, and the proportion of trees was significantly lower, showing obvious characteristics of restorative vegetation. The distribution types at families level were mainly distributed in the world (43) and pan- tropical distribution (38).The ratio (R/TD of tropical to temperate was about 1.78. At genus level, the main distribution types were pan-tropical distribution (104) and worldwide distribution (55) . the ratio (R/T) of tropical to temperate was a- bout 1.07 and the tropical nature was slightly dominant showing the characteristics of transition from tropical nature to temperate nature. Comparison with neighboring protected areas revealed that the flora in Qiaoling has unity with that of eastern China showed an obvious subtropical mountain characteristics. reflecting the basic feature of the flora of the monsoon region in eastern China as a whole. Furthermore the results also indicated that the low mountain and hilly terrain was more conducive to the growth of plants with tropical nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Wildland Fire Science is the property of Journal of Wildland Fire Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Conventional processing methods for remote sensing data are inefficient and time -- consuming. Using the object-oriented classification method this study extracted the distribution of mangrove forests of 2000, 2010, and 2020 in the Shankou Mangrove Nature Reserve in Guangxi based on the GEE cloud platform and Landsat TM/OLI remote sensing data. Then, this study monitored the spatio - temporal variations in mangrove forests in the study area in combination with the landscape analysis method and revealed their driving factors. The results are as follows: (1) During 2000-2020, the mangrove forests in the study area increased by about 63 hm², including a significant increase of about 40 hm² during 2010-2020; (2) Compared with other land use types, the mangrove forests showed the most intense conversion with spartina alterniflora areas and mudflats, with 152 hm² of spartina alterniflora areas and mudflats being converted to mangrove forests and 122 hm² of mangrove forests being converted to spartina alterniflora areas over the 20 years; (3) During 2000-2020, the mangrove landscape in the study area showed decreased fragmentation, increased patch aggregation, continuously expanded landscape dominance, and landward migration of the mangrove forest centroid; (4) Among the factors affecting the area of mangrove forests in the nature reserve, the control of invasive vegetation and moderate aquaculture can increase the area of mangrove forests, while climate changes and invasive vegetation had adverse effects on the growth of mangrove forests. The results of this study will provide a method reference and data basis for the conservation and management of mangrove wetlands in Shankou, Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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【Objective】 The study on the change characteristics of cultivated land area and its influence on grain production pattern in key watersheds aims to provide reference for promoting the sustainable use of cultivated land and coordinating the relationship between food security and economic development. 【Method】 Taking 82 counties in key watersheds of Sichuan Province as the research unit, using mathematical quantization model and GIS spatial analysis method, this paper explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of cultivated land area and its influence on the change of grain production pattern in the study area in recent 20 years. 【Result】 (1) From 2001 to 2020, the cultivated land area in the key watersheds of Sichuan Province increased by 915,700 hm², with an increase rate of 37.39%, but showed a changing trend of “increase→ basically unchanged→ decrease→ basically unchanged” in different economic development periods. (2) The change of cultivated land area showed a spatial agglomeration state of “high-value cluster area” and “low-value cluster area” in the key watersheds of Sichuan Province, and the changes in quantity of these areas showed an inverted “N” type fluctuation trend in different economic development periods. (3) The spatial transfer types of grain production (grain production transfer out area, grain production transfer into area and grain production stability area) in the key watersheds of Sichuan Province showed a fluctuating trend of increase and decrease in quantity. In general, the area of grain production transferred out and transferred into increased by 13.42% and 13.41%, respectively, and the change trend was basically unchanged. However, the grain production stability area decreased significantly, down by 26.83%, and there was regional degradation in grain production. (4) The change of cultivated land area is an important cause of the spatial transfer of grain production in the key watersheds of Sichuan Province, and the counties that are sensitive to the change of cultivated land area show the characteristics of centralized and multi-point distribution. 【Conclusion】 The change of cultivated land area and its impact on grain production pattern in the key watersheds of Sichuan Province from 2001 to 2020 fluctuated significantly in different periods of economic development. Therefore, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to strictly implement the cultivated land use control system, strengthen the cooperative management of regional competent departments, establish the long-term benefit compensation mechanism of cultivated land conservation, and construct the cultivated land security early warning and control mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Coarse woody debris(CWD) is an important structural and functional component of Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis forest, and its reserve characteristics are the basis of studying CWD. Using the international unified classification standard to classify the CWD of spruce forest in Linzhi and investigate its reserves and influencing factors is conducive to comparing the results on a global scale and integrating and perfecting the global CWD data.【Method】1 hm2 quadrat was set up in Bomi county Gangxiang P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis Forest Nature Reserve, Tibet Autonomous Region, and the environmental factors, CWD types, decomposition grades and diameter grades of quadrat were investigated, and their effects on CWD reserves were analyzed. 【Result】The density, volume and reserve of CWD in P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis forest were 191 plants/hm², 261.966 m³/hm² and 80.72 t/hm², respectively. In the forest, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm diameter classes were mainly distributed, and the order of CWD overall diameter class reserves was: Large diameter class(61.25%)＞medium diameter class(28.55%)＞small diameter class(10.20%); The decomposition grades were mainly Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The variation of CWD reserves at different decomposition levels was: Ⅱ＞Ⅲ＞Ⅰ＞Ⅳ＞Ⅴ. The variation law of Logs reserves was consistent with that of CWD as a whole, and the distribution of Snags and branch reserves was: Ⅱ＞Ⅰ＞Ⅲ＞Ⅳ＞Ⅴ, and the density of stumps was relatively small, which was mainly Grade Ⅰ. The reserves of Logs, Snags, Branches and Stumps in the forest were 77.26, 2.78, 0.31 and 0.37 t/hm² respectively. Among them, fallen wood accounted for the highest proportion in density, volume and reserves, and was the main contributor to CWD, which constituted the main body of CWD in P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis forest.【Conclusion】The CWD reserve of P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis forest is close to the average value of global coniferous forest, which may be related to factors such as hydrothermal conditions, tree species composition, forest vegetation types and distribution laws in southeast Tibet. The study on CWD of P.likiangensis var. linzhiensis forest, southeast Tibet can provide scientific basis for the sustainable development and management of spruce forest in southeast Tibet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Exploring the patterns of forest biomass distribution and its ecological drivers may shed light on our understanding of forest ecosystem functions, and provide useful knowledge for proper forest management. Here, in the karst forest of Maolan National Nature Reserve, we established sampling forest plots and estimated the forest aboveground biomass using allometric equations. By adopting statistical methods such as the paired t-test and linear mixed-effects models, we investigated the pattern of aboveground biomass distribution for the whole forest plot as well as separately for each forest stratum (i.e. overstory or understory). and explored the underlying abiotic and biotic driving factors. We found that the aboveground biomass of the overstory stratum was larger than that of the understory stratum; the total aboveground biomass of the forest was constrained only by the rock-bareness rate; however, when the forest was divided into different forest strata, we found that only the aboveground biomass of the overstory stratum was constrained by rock-bareness rate, and not the understory stratum. Furthermore, we found that the aboveground biomass of the two forest strata both varied with regards to topography, as shown by the larger overstory stratum at the slope when compared to the hilltop. The opposite trend was observed for the understory stratum; among the biotic factors, only the stem density exhibited positive influences on the aboveground biomass of the overstory and understory strata. These results imply that both abiotic and biotic factors regulate the aboveground biomass of Maolan karst forest, and whole forest level biomass analyses is limited in that the different patterns and drivers of aboveground biomass of different forest strata are overlooked. The findings demonstrate the importance of investigating each forest stratum separately when studying forest biomass patterns and the underlying drivers. In addition, these findings provide intellectual support for the management of Maolan karst forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qomolangma Nature Reserve is a typical ecologically fragile area in the plateau region. The land ecological risk driven by land use is changing, resulting in serious threaten to regional ecological environment. The study focused on Gangga wetland in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve as an example, with the help of Remote Sensing imagery and GIS technology to identify the land use dynamic level and integrate with Markov transfer matrix model, and obtained the information of land use change from 1988 to 2017. Subsequently, the ecological risk index was employed to analyze the trend of ecological risk driven by land use change in the study area. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Low-covered grassland accounts for more than 50% of the total area in Gangga. The mostly change of land use is the large expansion of cultivated land, construction land and water area; the land use dynamic level of early stage is relatively higher than later stage; meanwhile marsh and grassland keep on transforming to each other. (2)In the period of 1988-2017, the overall wetland ecological risk index (ERI) in Gangga changed from 0.064 to 0.062, high risk and low risk area decreased by 36.9% and 30.4% respectively; area with other risk level were all increased, and the overall ecological environment condition tended to be better. However, due to the continuous expansion of cultivated land and construction land, ecological risks in certain areas were deteriorated. (3)The elastic response index of ecological risk to land use change is relatively high and shows space differentiation; land use change has obvious driving-force effect on ecological risk. Based on the results of ecological risk assessment of land use in typical areas of Qomolangma Nature Reserve, the recommended strategy for differential land use management such as conservation, restoration and regulation is processed. It could provide theoretical support for reducing regional ecological risk and maintaining regional ecological security through equable land use in Qomolangma Nature Reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limestone region in Southwest Guangxi is defined as a priority area for biodiversity conservation and research not only at provincial but also at national level. Through in-depth investigation in the two nature reserves of this region, 20 angiosperm species from 20 genera and 17 families were found as new records for the flora of Guangxi, including Wuodendron praecox (Hook. f. & Thomson)B. Xue, Y. H. Tan & X. L. Hou, Phoebe macrocarpa C. Y. Wu, Clematis fengii W. T. Wang, Trichosanthes tetragonosperma C. Y. Cheng & Yueh, Sorbus yunnanensis L. T. Lu, Elatostema longibracteatum W. T. Wang, Acer paihengii Fang, Cornus eydeana Q. Y. Xiang & Y. M. Shui, Rhododendron longipedicellatum Lei Cai & Y. P. Ma, Styrax roseus Dunn, Symplocos hookeri C. B. Clarke, Dicercoclados triplinervis C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Lysimachia pittosporoides C. Y. Wu, Lycianthes marlipoensis C. Y. Wu & S. C. Huang, Justicia multinodis Benoist, Scutellaria sichourensis C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li, Liparis bistriata C. S. P. Parish & Rchb. f., Peristylus tenuicallus Ormerod, Pinalia yunnanensis(S. C. Chen & Z. H. Tsi)S. C. Chen & J. J. Wood and Zeuxine integrilabella C. S. Leou. Among them, Wuodendron B. Xue, Y. H. Tan & Chaowasku and Dicercoclados C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen were new recorded genera of Guangxi. All species were annotated by morphological and distribution description, voucher specimens and pictures. In addition, based on collected materials, several key taxonomic characteristics of Trichosanthes tetragonosperma C. Y. Cheng & Yueh and Dicercoclados triplinervis C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen were supplemented and revised respectively. Lastly, the biogeographic significance of these newly records as well as protection effectiveness of the reserves in limestone region of southwestern Guangxi were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How plants change functional traists to adapt to the environment has always been the focus of ecology. In order to explore the adaptive strategies of plant leaves at different succession stages in karst forest of Maolan, taking the dominant species in five different succession stages( herb, shrub, shrub-arbor, arbor and climax community stages)in Maolan Nature Reserve as the research object, the leaf functional properties and soil physical and chemical properties of dominant plants at different succession stages were measured. The results were as follows:(1)With the succession of vegetation, soil total nitrogen(STN)content, soil organic matter(SOM)content and soil water(SWC)content gradually increased, soil total phosphorus(STP)content and soil total potassium(STK)content first increased and then decreased, and soil pH value showed a decreasing trend as a whole.(2)With the succession of vegetation, leaf area(LA), leaf dry matter content(LDMC), leaf thickness(LT)and leaf carbon content(LCC)gradually increased. On the contrary, specific leaf area(SLA)and leaf potassium content(LKC), leaf nitrogen content(LNC)increased first and then decreased, and leaf phosphorus content(LPC)decreased first and then increased.(3)Redundant analysis showed that plants were mainly distributed in the soil environment of high pH and relatively low STK, STP, SWC, SOM and STN at the early succession stage. Plant leaves in the community took high SLA, LNC and LPC, and low LA, LDMC, LT and LWC. Plants at the late succession stage were mainly distributed in the soil environment of high moisture and nutrients. LDMC, LT, LA and LWC showed an upward trend compared with the early succession stage, and SLA, LNC and LPC showed a downward trend compared with the early succession stage. In conclusion, with the forward succession of vegetation, plants adapt to the environment by changing functional traits, and leaf functional traits change from open strategy in the early succession stage to conservative strategy in the late succession stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Guangxi Normal University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment was to screen β-glucosidase high yielding strains from nature, identify them and optimize the enzyme production conditions. The β-glucosidase strains were isolated and screened by aesculin chromogenic technique, and enzyme production conditions were optimized by solid fermentation technique. The β -glucosidase strains were identified by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that a β-glucosidase producing strain was screened from the karst natural vegetation area of Hechi, Guangxi, and identified as Aspergillus aculeatus. The optimal enzyme producing conditions were pH 7.0, temperature 28 ℃ and liquid loading of 40 mL/250 mL. After optimization, the enzyme production capacity of the Aspergillus aculeatus strain reached 42.75 U/mL, which was 10.9 times higher than the starting condition. The study indicates that Aspergillus aculeatus screened in the study can produce β-glucosidase stably, and the enzyme-producing capacity is greatly improved after optimization by solid fermentation, with the highest enzyme production under neutral conditions, indicating its application value in feed production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terrain of Hainan Island is high in the middle and surrounded by low terrain on all sides. From the central mountainous area to the eastern coastal plains, due to the difference of natural conditions and historical human interference, the composition of flora has changed. In this study, quadrant and line transect survey was carried out in Huishan Nature Reserve (in the middle and east of Hainan Island) to discover its composition. Then combined with the data of Wuzhishan Nature Reserve in the middle of Hainan Island (now part of the Tropical Rainforest National Park), Baishiling Nature Reserve in the eastern non-coastal area and Tongguling Nature Reserve in the northeastern coast, which investigated by our team, the flora composition characteristics were compared and analyzed. Try to explore the relationship between the change of flora composition and the secondary, area and altitude of the nature reserve. The results were as follows: (1) There were 1 893 species, 1 415 species, 634 species, and 913 wild seed plants in Wuzhishan, Huishan, Baishiling, and Tongguling nature reserves, the numbers of species in the two central nature reserves were significantly higher than that in the other two nature reserves. (2) Species similarities between nature reserves were significantly negatively correlated with differences in altitude and area (P<0.05). (3) Four nature reserves were dominated by tropical elements, but at the level of genera, Wuzhishan was dominated by tropical Asia, while others were dominated by pantropical distribution; at the level of species, distribution of tropical Asia was the most in the four nature reserves. In conclusion, from the central mountainous area to the eastern coastal plains, the more secondary, the lower the altitude, the fewer the habitat types, and the fewer the number of plant species; at the same time, at the level of genera and species, the tropical elements are increased, while temperate, endemic and relict elements are decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)