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Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective:To investigate the urban and rural differences in adverse outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus comorbidity (PTB-DM), so as to provide insights into improving the prevention and treatment measures for PTB-DM. Methods:Patients with PTB-DM who were admitted and discharged from 14 designated tuberculosis hospitals in Hangzhou City from 2018 to 2022 were selected. Basic information, and history of diagnosis and treatment were collected through hospital information systems. The adverse outcomes of PTB were defined as endpoints, and the proportions of adverse outcomes of PTB in urban and rural patients with PTB-DM were analyzed. Factors affecting the adverse outcomes of PTB were identified using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results:A total of 823 patients with PTB-DM were enrolled, including 354 (43.01%) urban and 469 (56.99%) rural patients. There were 112 (13.61%) patients with adverse outcomes of PTB. The proportions of adverse outcomes of PTB in urban and rural patients were 14.41% and 13.01%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified first diagnosed in county-level hospitals or above (HR=2.107, 95%CI: 1.181-3.758) and drug resistance (HR=3.303, 95%CI: 1.653-6.600) as the risk factors for adverse outcomes of PTB in urban patients with PTB-DM, while the treatment/observed management throughout the process (HR=0.470, 95%CI: 0.274-0.803) and fixed-dose combinations throughout the process (HR=0.331, 95%CI: 0.151-0.729) as the protective factors for adverse outcomes in rural patients with PTB-DM. Conclusions:There are differences in influencing factors for adverse outcomes of PTB in urban and rural patients with PTB-DM. The adverse outcomes of PTB are associated with first diagnosed hospitals and drug resistance in urban patients, and are associated with the treatment/observed management and fixed-dose combinations throughout the process in rural patients.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors for delay in healthcare-seeking, definitive diagnosis and identification in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Minhang District, Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide the basis for effectively reducing delay in PTB patients. Methods: Data of PTB patients in Minhang District from 2017 to 2022 were collected from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The prevalence rates of delay in healthcare-seeking, definitive diagnosis and identification were analyzed, and factors affecting delay in healthcare-seeking, definitive diagnosis and identification were identified using multivariable logistic regression models. Results: A total of 4 214 PTB patients were reported in Minhang District from 2017 to 2022, including 2 802 males and 1 412 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.98∶1. The majority of patients were aged 25 to

Objective: To analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among students in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2023, so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of PTB in schools. Methods: Data of PTB cases among students in Suzhou City from 2015 to 2023 were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Suzhou Report of Investigation and Disposal of Tuberculosis in Schools. The seasonal incidence of PTB among students was analyzed using seasonal index (SI). The spatio-temporal clustering characteristics of PTB among students were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation and retrospective spatio-temporal permutation scanning. Results: Totally 1 374 PTB cases among students were reported in Suzhou City from 2015 to 2023. PTB cases were reported in each month, and the SIs were 100.69%, 124.38%, 108.98%, 135.04%, 106.61% and 106.61% in April, May, July, September, October and November, respectively, indicating the prevalence of PTB among students. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed there was a positive spatial correlation of PTB among students in 2019 and 2020 (Moran's I=0.053 and 0.089, both P

[Objective] To investigate the distribution characteristics and susceptibility of ABO and Rh blood group antigens in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Xinjiang, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. [Methods] The clinical information of hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from different ethnic groups (n=32 508, infection group) and healthy people (n=15 442, control group) in the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from 2014 to 2020 was collected, and the frequency distribution of ABO and Rh blood group antigens in the two groups was analyzed retrospectively. [Results] 1) The constituent ratios of pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence in Uygur, Han, HaKazak and Hui people were 51.11%, 33.66%, 9.09% and 6.13% respectively, with significant difference (PO type>A type>AB type. In the control group, the distribution of blood types was O type>A type>B type>AB type. The frequency of type B in Uighur, type O in Kazak, type A in Hui and Han nationalities in the infection group was higher than that in the control group (PA>O>AB, Kazak O>B>A>AB, Hui A>O=B>AB, Han A>B>O>AB, with significant difference between different ethnic groups (PO>A>AB. Moreover, higher frequencies of tuberculosis in Uygur with type B, Kazak with type O, Hui with type A and Han with type A suggest that these blood types may be susceptible risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis, which provides new insights for the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) on pulmonary injury of rats with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The rat models of pulmonary tuberculosis were constructed and then the animals were randomly divided into model group, diammonium glycyrrhizinate treatment groups (low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose) groups, high dose of diammonium glycyrrhizinate plus peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) inhibitor group (H-DG+GW9662 group), and another 18 rats were selected as control group. The colony count of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) in lung tissue was detected. HE staining microscopy was applied to detect lung histopathology. TUNEL was applied to detect apoptosis of lung tissue cells. ELISA was applied to detect serum level of inflammatory factors. Western blot was applied to measure PPARγ, phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-p38MAPK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in lung tissue. Results Compared with the control group, the lung tissue structure in model group was severely damaged with a large number of proliferative tuberculosis nodules, changes of alveolar morphology, inflammatory cell infiltration and even caseous necrosis were found, and the number of tuberculosis colonies, apoptosis rate, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, COX-2 levels, and p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK expression were all increased, while PPARγ expression was decreased(P＜0.05). In L-DG, M-DG, H-DG groups improvement of lung tissue structure, alveolar morphology, inflammatory cell infiltration, and caseous necrosis were found as compared to the model group, while the counting number of tuberculosis colonies decreased and rate of cell apoptosis decreased. The level of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, COX-2 and expression of p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK reduced, the expression of PPARγ all increased. The H-DG group showed the most significant changes(P＜0.05). GW9662 treatment significantly reversed the improvement of DG on pulmonary injury in rats with pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusions DG improves lung injury in rats with pulmonary tuberculosis and its mechanism is potentially related to the activation of PPARγ pathway and inhibition of p38MAPK pathway.

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Medicine is the property of Editorial Office of Basic & Clinical Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the determinants of linezolid-associated neurological adverse reactions in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and develop a risk prediction model for such adverse events. Methods A prospective cohort study design was employed to select 120 patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis who received a chemotherapy regimen containing linezolid at Guangzhou Chest Hospital from April 2023 to January 2024 as the study population. Clinical data, adverse reactions, and plasma concentration of linezolid were collected during fasting and at 2 hours post-medication. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to identify factors influencing linezolid-related neurological adverse reactions. Furthermore, a prediction model for such adverse reactions was developed, and its predictive efficacy and calibration ability were evaluated using ROC analysis. Results Re-treatment (OR = 2.540, P =0.028), coexistence of cavities (OR = 4.092, P = 0.021), anemia (OR = 10.921,P = 0.005), and Cmin 5 0.7665 mg/L (OR = 6.813,P < 0.001) are independent risk factors for the occurrence of linezolid-related neurological adverse reactions. The prediction model, based on these four factors, exhibits an AUC of 0.851 (95% CI:0.774 ~ 0.929), accompanied by a Youden index of 0.590, a sensitivity of 66.7%, and a specificity of 92.3%. Moreover, the prediction model demonstrates excellent calibration ability. (Hosmer-lemeshow X² = 8.719, P = 0.273). Conclusion In MDR/RR-TB patients, the presence of cavitation, retreatment, and anemia may confer a heightened risk of linezolid-related neurological adverse reactions. A risk prediction model incorporating these four indicators demonstrates significant predictive value for the occurrence of such adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To observe the changes in serum microRNA-223（miR-223) levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as the changes in the clearance ability to clear Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv, apoptosis and inflammatory response of macrophages transfected with miR-223 mimics, and to analyze the targeted relationship between miR-223 and NLRP3. Methods Thirty-seven serum samples from active pulmonary tuberculosis patients (tuberculosis group) and 40 serum samples from healthy individuals during the same period (healthy group) were selected, and miR-223 was detected in the serum samples of both groups using RT-PCR. Human monocyte line THP-1 was cultured in vitro and differentiated into macrophages after 24 h of stimulation with phorbol. Macrophages were randomly divided into the healthy group, MTB group, MTB+mimics-NC group, and MTB+miR-223 mimics group. Cells in the healthy group were cultured routinely, while cells in the MTB group, MTB+mimics-NC group, and MTB+miR-223 mimics group were all infected with MTB standard strain H37Rv. After infection, in the MTB+mimics-NC group and MTB+miR-223 mimics group, we used liposome transfection method to transfect mimics-NC and miR-223 mimics into cells, respectively. The miR-223, NLRP3, TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNA in cells of each group were detected by RT-PCR. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells in each group, and colony forming unit (CFU) counting method was used to detect the H37Rv bacterial load in each group. THP-1 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were taken and randomly divided into the miR-223 mimics+NLRP3-WT group, the mimics-NC+NLRP3-WT group, the miR-223 mimics+NLRP3- MUT group, and the mimics-NC+NLRP3-MUT group, respectively. The miR-223 mimics and NLRP3-WT, mimics-NC and NLRP3-WT, miR-223 mimics and NLRP3-MUT, and mimics-NC and NLRP3-MUT were co-transfected into cells of the above groups, respectively, by Lipofectamine 2000 reagent in accordance with the operation instructions of the kit. The relative luciferase activity of cells in each group was detected at 24 h after transfection. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify whether there was a targeted relationship between miR-223 and NLRP3. Results Compared with the healthy group, the serum miR-223 expression decreased in the tuberculosis group (P<0. 05). Compared with the healthy group, the miR-223 expression and apoptosis rate decreased, and the NLRP3, TNF-α, IFN-γ mRNA and bacterial load increased in the MTB group (all P<0. 05). Compared with the MTB+mimics NC group, the MTB+miR223 mimics group showed increased miR-223 expression and cell apoptosis rate, and decreased expression levels of NLRP3, TNF- α, IFN-γ mRNA and bacterial load (all P<0. 05). The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment showed that NLRP3 was a targeted gene for miR-223. Conclusions The expression of serum miR-223 decreases in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Transfection of miR-223 mimics can promote macrophage apoptosis, enhance the bactericidal ability of macrophages infected with MTB, and alleviate inflammatory response. The mechanism may be related to targeted regulation of NLRP3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Xuzhou from 2019 to 2021, and construct a logistic regression prediction model for influencing factors. Methods: 788 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis registered in Xuzhou from January 1, 2019 to December 30, 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Observed the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Xuzhou from 2019 to 2021, and used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis incidence. Constructed a Log P regression prediction model and analyzed its predictive performance. Results: Epidemiological statistics showed that from 2019 to 2021, the majority of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Xuzhou were male, aged ≥ 60 years old, residing in rural areas, and married, the number of patients in the disease course and education level classification group was relatively close. Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was related to contact history of pulmonary tuberculosis, drinking history, tuberculosis health education, gender, average monthly income of per person in family, age, occupation, smoking history, BCG vaccination history, and residence (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residing in rural areas, smoking history, gender as male, drinking history, average monthly income of per person in family <3000 yuan, age ≥ 60 years old, occupation as a farmer or worker, and contact history of pulmonary tuberculosis were risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis, while BCG vaccination history was a protective factor (P<0.05). The corresponding Log P model, after ROC analysis, it showed that this prediction model had good predictive performance for the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, with an ROC-AUC (0.95CI) of 0.881 (0.817-0.928) and an accuracy of 86.5%. Conclusion: Xuzhou should focus on population affected by pulmonary tuberculosis of male, elderly, residing in rural areas, smoking history, drinking history, low average monthly income of per person in family, farmers or workers, and contact history of pulmonary tuberculosis, and should actively carry out the vaccination of BCG vaccine. In addition, the prediction model constructed through influencing factors has good predictive performance on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective to explore the risk assessment potential of oxLDL in patients with T2DM combined with PTB. Methods A prospective study was conducted, which included 60 cases of simple hyperlipidemia, 100 cases of PTB, 100 cases of T2DM, and 100 cases of T2DM combined with PTB. These patients visited the outpatient department of our center from June 2022 to June 2023. The PTB group, T2DM group, and T2DM combined with PTB group were further divided into subgroups based on normal blood lipids (40 cases) and hyperlipidemia (60 cases), totaling 360 cases in the case group. Additionally, a control group consisting of 60 healthy individuals was included. The age range for inclusion in the study was between 35 to70 years old. Venous blood samples were collected from each group to detect HbA1c, INS, FSG, CHOL, TG, HDL, LDL, ApoA I and Apo B. OxLDL levels were measured using the ELISA method. Differences in levels between groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the association between oxLDL levels and PTB as well as T2DM combined with PTB. Results There were no statistically significant differences in BMI, blood sugar, blood lipids, and insulin resistance between the T2DM hyperlipidemia subgroup and the T2DM combined with PTB hyperlipidemia subgroup. The oxLDL level in the T2DM hypertipidemia subgroup was more than double that of the control group, while the oxLDL level in the subgroup with normal blood lipids was significantly higher than that of the control group. Moreover, both the T2DM combined with PTB hyperlipidemia subgroup and simple hyperlipidemia group exhibited significantly elevated levels of oxLDL compared to the control group: however, there were no statistically significant differences when compared to the PTB hyperlipidemia subgroup. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive linear correlation between TG and LDL with oxLDL in both the T2DM hyperlipidemia subgroup and the T2DM combined with PTB hyperlipidemia subgroup (R = 0.352, P < 0.05) . Additionally, CHOL and LDL levels in the PTB hyperlipidemia subgroup also showed a significant positive correlation with oxLDL (R = 0.441, P < 0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that having oxLDL levels more than double that of the control group was an independent risk factor for both PTB and T2DM combined with PTB (P < 0.05) . Conclusion The significantly elevated levels of oxLDL may serve as a potential risk factor for the comorbidity of T2DM and PTB. It is recommended to consider oxLDL levels exceeding twice those of the control group as a clinically meaningful pathological threshold for further assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aims to analyze the proteomic characteristics of peripheral blood in patients with lung cancer coexistent with pulmonary tuberculosis (LC-PTB), identify the differential proteins compared with lung cancer (LC) patients, and conduct functional analysis on these proteins. Methods The study included 8 LC-PTB patients and 10 LC patients. The LC patients were newly diagnosed and confirmed by pathology and did not receive any anti-tumor treatment before, while the PTB patients were Mycobacterium tuberculosis positive at the time of sampling. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied to perform proteomic mass spectrometry to assess the differential proteins, and then functional analysis was conducted via bioinformatics. Results A total of 5,185 proteins were detected between two groups. Through differential expression screening, 190 proteins (58 upregulated and 132 downregulated) were identified to be differentially expressed. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the differential proteins were mainly concentrated in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular matrix. KEGG pathway and GO analysis showed the roles of differential proteins in biological processes including immune response, metabolism, and secretion regulation. Protein interaction network analysis highlighted the importance of SORT1, SAR1B, RPS6KB1, VWF, SHC1, SRPRB, CTSD, TARDBP, RPLP0, PSMA2, RPS6, XPO1, PRKACB, and HLA-DRB1 in LC-PTB. Additionally, the expression changes in proteins like ADA2, MAP3K1, and GLS2 might be closely associated with the development of LC-PTB. Conclusions The proteomic profile comprehensively described the proteomic characteristics of LC-PTB and identified numerous differentially expressed proteins, which could provide further clues for research on biological mechanism of LC-PTB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the gene expression and clinical significance of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and NOD-like receptor hot protein domain-related protein 3 (NLRP3) in patients with lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: 69 patients with lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (combined group), 65 patients with simple lung cancer (lung cancer group) and 65 patients with simple pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary tuberculosis group) in our hospital were selected. The levels of serum AIM2 mRNA, NLRP3 mRNA expression, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA21-1) were compared in three groups. The correlation between serum AIM2 mRNA, NLRP3 mRNA expression and serum CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 levels in combined group was analyzed The value of serum AIM2 and NLRP3 in predicting lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The expression of serum AIM2 mRNA, NLRP3 mRNA, serum CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 in combined group were higher than that in lung cancer group and pulmonary tuberculosis group (P<0.05), and the expression of serum AIM2 mRNA, NLRP3 mRNA, CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 in lung cancer group were higher than that in pulmonary tuberculosis group(P<0.05). The expression of serum AIM2 mRNA and NLRP3 mRNA in combined group was positively correlated with the levels of CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of AIM2 mRNA, NLRP3 mRNA alone and combined prediction of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis were 0.838, 0.814 and 0.957 respectively, the predictive efficacy of combined detection was higher than that of each index alone. Conclusion: The expression of serum AIM2 mRNA and NLRP3 mRNA in patients with lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly increase, and positively correlate with serum CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1 levels, the combine detection of the two has a high predictive value for lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the diagnostic value of tuberculosis infection T cell spot test (T-SPOT.TB) combine with serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) in pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes. 480 patients with suspected tuberculosis admitted to Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected and divided into 166 cases in Group A (patients with tuberculosis combined with diabetes mellitus), 214 cases in Group B (patients with simple tuberculosis), and 100 cases in Group C (patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection and non-diabetes mellitus) according to the diagnosis results. All subjects underwent T-SPOT. TB, and serum CA125 and IP-10 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnostic value of T-SPOT.TB combined with serum CA125 and IP-10 levels for pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes was analyzed by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The positive rate of T-SPOT.TB in group A was lower than that in group B but higher than that in group C, and the positive rate of T-SPOT. TB in group B was higher than that in group C (P＜0.05). The original values of group A antigen culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP10) and antigen 6kD early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) were higher than those in group B and C, and the original values of group B antigen CFP10 and antigen ESAT-6 were higher than those in group C (P＜0.05). Serum CA125 and IP-10 levels were higher in group A than in groups B and C, the serum CA125 and IP-10 levels in group B were higher than those in group C (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that, the area under the curve (AUC) of T-SPOT.TB, CA125, IP-10, T-SPOT. TB+CA125, T-SPOT.TB+IP-10 and three-term combination in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus were 0.771, 0.769, 0.779, 0.880, 0.885 and 0.937 respectively; the AUC of three-term combination diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus was greater than that of T-SPOT.TB, CA125, IP-10 alone and combination diagnosis. The positive rate of T-SPOT.TB and the levels of serum CA125 and IP-10 increased in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus, T-SPOT. TB combined with serum CA125 and IP-10 could improve the diagnostic value of pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze adverse outcomes and influencing factors of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province and to provide a scientific basis for effective treatment of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods The medical records information of elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 65 and above in Guizhou Province from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2022, was extracted from the Tuberculosis Monitoring Report Management Information System. The time trend of adverse outcomes was analyzed using the chi-square trend test, inter-group comparison was conducted using the chi-square test, and binary logistic regression was employed to analyze influencing factors. Results From 2011 to 2022, 10, 820 elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis had adverse outcomes in Guizhou Province, with an adverse outcome rate of 12.91 %. The rate of adverse outcomes increased from 2011 to 2015 (χtrend² = 62.080, P < 0.001), and decreased from 2016 to 2022 (χtrend² = 38.163, P < 0.001). Regarding regional distribution, Bijie City had the highest rate of adverse outcomes, and TongrenCity had the lowest rate (% = 808. 188, P < 0.001). The results of multivariate analysis showed that compared with the patients who were female, ethnic minorities, 65-69 years old, without comorbidities, newly treated, pathogenic negative, and without other tuberculosis, the patients were more likely to develop tuberculosis. Male (OR = 1.323, 95% CI = 1.267-1.380), Han ethnic group (OR = 1.168, 95% CI = 1.117-1.222), 70-74 years old (OR = 1.244,95% CI = 1.181-1.310),75-79 years old (Oft = 1.612, 95% CI = 1) 525-1.704), ≥80 years old (OR = 2.322, 95% CI = 2.178-2.476), comorbidities (OR = 1.261, 95% CI = 1.179-1.348), retreatment (OR = 1.526, 95% CI = 1.423-1.636), positive pathogen (OR = 1.244, 95% CI = 1.181-1.310) and other tuberculosis (OR = 1.245, 95% CI = 1.161-1.336) were risk factors for poor outcomes. Conclusion Since the implementation of the "13th Five-Year Plan" for tuberculosis prevention and treatment, the adverse outcome rate of elderly tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province has shown a gradual decreasing trend, but the distribution of the adverse outcome rate is uneven, which suggests that we need to continue to maintain a high degree of vigilance and strengthen preventive and control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze the trend of health 一 care seeking delay and influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients and provide a reference basis for prevention and control measures in Yantai. Methods The current status and trend of health 一 care seeking delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Yantai from 2012 to 2021 were described. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of health 一 care seeking delay. Results From 2012 to 2021, the median of health 一 care seeking days was 28 (10, 61) days. The health 一 care seeking delay rate was 66.47% and exhibited an upward trend (tend 二 87.638, P < 0. 001), Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with the age group over 61 years old, the following factors were associated with reduced risk for delayed treatment: individuals under 20 years old (OR 二 0. 65, 95% CI: 0. 56 - 0. 75), aged 21 - 40 years (OR = 0. 80, 95% CI: 0. 74 一 0. 88), serving public places and businesses (OR = 0. 66, 95% CI: 0. 49 一 0. 90), children and students (OR 二 0. 73, 95% CI: 0. 61 - 0. 87), employees of enterprises and institutions (OR 二 0. 80, 95% Cl: 0. 66 一 0. 97), engaged in other physical labor (OR 二 0. 83, 95% CI: 0. 74 - 0. 92), and belonging to the native population (OR 二 0. 68, 95% CI: 0. 60 - 0. 78). On the other hand, the age group of 41 一 60 years old (OR = 1. 12, 95% CI: 1. 03 - 1. 22), symptomatic treatment (OR 二 4. 30, 95% CI: 3. 63 - 5. 10), referral (OR 二 3.40, 95% CI: 2. 87 - 4. 03) 'follow - up (OR 二 5. 59, 95% CI: 4. 69 -6.66), and pathogen positive results (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1. 24 -- 1.43) were identified as risk factors for delayed treatment. Conclusion The health 一 care seeking delay rate among tuberculosis patients showed an upward trend from 2012 to 2021 in Yantai. Medical institutions should pay attention to the wrinkly or elderly, passive detection, and pathogen positive patients regarding the health 一 care seeking delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obejective: To investigate the effects of different doses of protein diet on nutritional status, immune function and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: 120 T2DM patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to Hunan Provincial Chest Hospital from March 2020 to December 2021 were selected as research objects. Patients were randomly divided into high protein group (1.5 g/kg/d protein, total calorie increased by 10%), medium protein group (1.2 g/kg/d protein, total calorie increased by 10%), low protein group (1.0 g/kg/d protein, total calorie increased by 10%). 40 cases in each group. The sputum mycobacterium tuberculosis negative conversion, pulmonary infection, blood glucose, nutritional status, immune function and oxidative stress level in three groups were compared. Results: The sputum mycobacterium tuberculosis negative conversion rate in high protein group and medium protein group was higher than that in low protein group, and high protein group was higher than that of medium protein group (P<0.05). The pulmonary infection rate in high protein group and medium protein group was lower than that in low protein group, and high protein group was lower than that of medium protein group (P<0.05). After treatment, the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) in high protein group and medium protein group were lower than those in low protein group, and high protein group was lower than that of medium protein group (P<0.05). After treatment, total albumin (TP), prealbumin (PA) and albumin (ALB) in high protein group and medium protein group were higher than those in low protein group, and high protein group was higher than that of medium protein group (P<0. 05). After treatment, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+ /CD8+ in high protein group and medium protein group were higher than those in low protein group, and high protein group was higher than that of medium protein group (P<0.05). After treatment, CD8+ in high protein group and medium protein group was lower than that in low protein group, and high protein group was lower than that of medium protein group (P<0.05). After treatment, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) in high protein group and medium protein group was higher than that in low protein group, and high protein group was higher than that of medium protein group (P<0.05). After treatment, the malondialdehyde (MDA) in high protein group and medium protein group was lower than that in low protein group, and high protein group was lower than that of medium protein group (P<0.05). Conclusion: High protein diet can improve the nutritional status and immune function of T2DM patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and reduce the level of oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of QuantiFERON-TB Gold （QFT-TB） detection of specific cellular immune IGRAs in tuberculosis diagnostic laboratory for pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis and special population samples in vitro, which may provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 546 patients with tuberculosis （AFB + 146 cases, AFB-247 cases）, 117 patients with molecular biology positive tuberculosis（ Xpert 69 cases, TB-DNA 48 cases） and 36 patients with histopathological positive were collected from January to July 2023. There were 72 cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, 276 cases of pleural effusion and 25 cases of ascites. QFT-TB method was used for detection, chi-square test was applied for comparison between groups, and the methodological evaluation of positive rate and coincidence rate were all compared. Results The positive rates of QFT-TB in pulmonary tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis and close contacts were 83.69 %, 69.44 %, and 32.41 %, respectively. The coincidence rates of QFT-TB in AFB +, GeneXpert, TB-DNA and pathological confirmed tuberculosis patients were 91.09%, 88.40%, 81.25%, and 72.22%, respectively. The positive rate of pleural effusion in patients with tuberculous pleurisy was 60.50 %, and the uncertainty rate was 29.71%. The positive rate of ascites was 44.00 % and the uncertainty was 36.00%. Conclusion QFT-TB test has good value in the auxiliary diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, and has certain reference significance for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis based on the detection of pleural fluids and ascites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To construct a deep learning model based on multi -task learning to assist clinicians in differential diagnosis and staging of pneumoconiosis. Methods The digital chest radiographs of 3 600 patients from an occupational disease hospital in Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2022 were collected, and the full convolution neural network (UNet) was used to segment the lung field. Based on multi-task learning, the multi-task model was constructed using the correlation between tasks. The multi -task model was pre -trained on the ChestX -ray14 dataset, whose backbone network was DenseNetl21, and two classifiers were added behind the backbone network. Paired t-test was used to compare the differences in accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and Fl scores between single-task model and multi-task model. Results The test set results showed that the differential diagnosis and diagnostic staging performance of the single-task model was about 90% and 77%, respectively. The differential diagnosis and diagnosis staging performance of the multi-task model was about 94% and 86%, which was higher than that of the single-task model about 4% and 9%, respectively. The difference between the evaluation indexes was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The multi-task model has more advantages than the single-task model and can effectively realize the differential diagnosis and accurate staging of pneumoconiosis and pulmonary tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of PRECEDE-based nursing combined with individualized exercise guidance on pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods Totally 90 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were randomly divided into the control group and observation group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received individualized exercise guidance, and the observation group received PRECEDE-based nursing ombined with individualized exercise guidance. The pulmonary function, exercise capacity, quality of life and satisfaction with nursing service were evaluated and compared between two groups. Results The forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC% were increased in both two groups after intervention, and FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC% in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0. 01). The outcomes of 6-minute walking test (6MWT), 30-seconds sit-to-stand test (STS-30) and 30-second arm curl test(30-ACT) were increased in both two groups after intervention, and outcomes of 6MWT, STS-30 and 30-ACT in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0. 01). The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score were decreased in both two groups after intervention, and SGRQ score in the observation group were lower than that in the control group (P＜0. 01). The satisfaction degree in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0. 05). Conclusion The PRECEDE-based nursing interventions combined with individualized exercise guidance are effective to improve the pulmonary function, exercise capacity, quality of life and satisfaction of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. (目的 探讨PRECEDE护理模式配合个体化运动指导对肺结核患者肺功能与运动能力的影响。方法 选择医院2021年10月—2023年4月收治的肺结核患者90例作为研究对象, 按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组, 各45例。对照组给予个体化运动指导, 观察组给予PRECEDE护理模式配合个体化运动指导。比较两组的护理前后肺功能、运动能力和生活质量相关指标和量表评分变化, 评价患者护理满意度。结果 干预后两组1s用力呼气容积(FEV1), 用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC%值均高于干预前, 且观察组高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。干预后两组6分钟步行试验(6MWT)、30 s坐立试验(30 s-STS)、30 s前臂屈曲试验(30-ACT)值均高于干预前, 且观察组高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。与干预前相比, 治疗后两组圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分降低, 且观察组低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。观察组护理满意度高于对照组(P＜0. 05)。结论 与单一个体化运动指导相比, PRECEDE护理模式配合个体化运动指导在提升肺结核患者肺功能、运动能力方面效果更佳, 能够进一步提升患者护理满意度, 改善患者生活质量。)

Objective To analyze the treatment outcomes and influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2022, and to improve a basis for enhancing tuberculosis prevention and control strategies. Methods Individual cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2022 were obtained from The Tuberculosis Information Management System, The distribution characteristics of treatment success were described using percentages (%), and the Chi - square test and binary logistic regression model were utilized to analyze the factors influencing treatment outcomes. Results During the period of 2017 to 2022, the annual average registration rate of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province was 97. 27/100 000 population, exhibiting a consistent downward trend (trendy2 = 2 230. 684, P < 0. 001). Meanwhile, the treatment success rate among the patients during the same time period was 92. 89%, demonstrating a steady increase (trendy2 =51. 800, P <0. 001). Analysis results of influencing factors showed that compared with female, age group < 20 years old, cadres and staff, physical examination, negative etiological results, initial treatment, no comorbidities, no other tuberculosis, and negative HIV test results, male (OR 二 0.736, 95% CI：0, 709 - 0. 765), M60 years old age group (OR = 0. 360, 95% C/;0. 323 - 0. 402), farmers (OR = 0. 591, 95% C/：0. 468 一 0. 747), medical treatment due to illness (OR = 0. 716, 95% CI: 0. 599 一 0. 855), retreatment (OR = 0. 570, 95% CI540 一 0. 602), complications (OR 二 0. 789, 95% CI: 0. 752 - 0. 827), other tuberculosis (OR =0, 685, 95% CI: 0. 542 - 0. 867) and positive HIV test results (OR = 0. 387, 95% C/：0. 342 -0.437) were risk factors for successful treatment (P <0. 05). Conclusion Overall, the treatment outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Guizhou Province are highly positive. However, it is essential to recognize that there are disparities in the distribution of treatment outcomes across various population groups. Hence, it is recommended to prioritize the treatment concerns of specific demographics, including male patients, the elderly population, individuals residing in Bijie city, patients with positive microbiological results, HIV = positive patients, individuals requiring retreatment, and those with comorbidities or concurrent tuberculosis. By focusing on these groups, targeted interventions and tailored approaches can be implemented to ensure that all individuals receive optimal treatment and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region from 2012 to 2022, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guilin. Methods The relevant information of pulmonary tuberculosis cases reported by China Disease Prevention and Control Information system (Tuberculosis Surveillance and Report Management system) from 2012 to 2022 in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region was collected. The distribution characteristics and incidence trend of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guilin from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed by chi-square and chi-square trend, and the average annual reported incidence and etiological positive rate of pulmonary tuberculosis were visually analyzed. Results From 2012 to 2022, a total of 32 319 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Guilin, with an average annual incidence of 59.40/100 000. The reported incidence of tuberculosis decreased from 68.59/100 000 in 2012 to 45.99/100 000 in 2022, with an annual decline rate of 4.08%. In total 12 132 cases were etiologically positive, accounting for 37.53%. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis decreased in all age groups in Guilin. The incidence increased with age (-21.017, P < 0,001). The reported incidence of males and females was basically stable at 3:1, and the reported incidence of males was higher than that of females (於=25.87, P < 0,001). Farmers were the main occupations of patients (23 375 cases), accounting for 72.32%. The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in more than half of the counties (districts) in Guilin was higher than the annual average level of the whole city, with Lipu county (88.96/100 000) being the highest. The etiological positive rate of most counties (districts) was higher than the average annual level of tlie whole city, with Pingle county (31,65/100 000) being the highest. Conclusion The reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guilin shows an overall downward trend from 2012 to 2022. The high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by age 65 and above, male, occupation as farmer, and the place of residence in the south of Guilin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the pathogenic distribution characteristics and drug resistance of opportunistic Candida in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods 3 012 hospitalized cases of pulmonary tuberculosis at Qinghai Province Fourth People's Hospital from March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 were analyzed, sputum samples were collected, Candida identification was carried by VITEK-32-YBC automatic bacterial analysis system, and the detected Candida was tested for drug sensitivity. Results Among the 3 012 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in this investigation, 283 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with Candida infection, accounting for 9.40%. Among them, Candida albicans was the main type of Candida, accounting for 79.86% of the total. Conclusion The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with Candida infection was high in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, the selection of antimicrobial drugs should be based on a comprehensive analysis of the patient's condition, in order to select the best and most effective drugs for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analysis the situation of latent infection and detected cases of tuberculosis among tuberculosis contacts in school of Guizhou Province, to explore the risk factors of latent infection and detected cases of tuberculosis, and to provide references for adopting targeted tuberculosis prevention and control measures in schools of Guizhou Province. Methods Data on screening of contacts of school tuberculosis cases in Guizhou Province in 2022 were collected through the Guizhou Provincial CDC Cloud Platform - School Tuberculosis Management System. A total of 1 165 cases of indicative cases of tuberculosis and 110 079 tuberculosis contacts were included as study subjects for the analysis, and the multifactorial logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors related to the latent infections and detected cases. Results The latent infection rate of tuberculosis contacts screened in Guizhou Province in 2022 was 11.00%, and the case detection rate was 0. 12%. The latent infection rate of students the aged M15 years (13. 24%) was higher than that of the aged < 15 years (7. 16%), with statistically significant differences (丸2 = 965. 966, P < 0. 001). The latent infection rate (10. 44%) and the case detection (0. 17%) were higher in Bijie City. The rate of prophylactic medication administration among latently infected students was 26. 73%. The TST test of 27. 21% of the case was negative. The boarding students (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1. 21 -1. 35), and close contacts (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1. 47 -1. 68) were at higher risk of latent infection, and age M15 years was a common risk factor for latent infection and morbidity in contact students. Conclusion It is necessary to continue to strengthen tuberculosis prevention and control in schools, enhance monitoring and follow - up of students in close contact in Bijie City and other areas, conduct extensive tuberculosis health education, and to improve the willingness of students with latent tuberculosis infection to receive preventive medication continuously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the levels of silent information regulator 1（SIRT-1), transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1) and type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide（PINP) in bronchial lavage fluid and the risk of bronchial stenosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and to analyze the value of three indicators in predicting bronchial stenosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: 187 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University from February 2020 to February 2023 were selected, and patients were divided into stenosis group（86 cases) and non-stenosis group（101 cases) according to whether bronchial stenosis occurred. The levels of SIRT-1, TGF-β1 and PINP in bronchial lavage fluid and lung function were detected and compared between two groups. The correlation between the levels of SIRT-1, TGF-β1and PINP in bronchial lavage fluid and lung function were analyzed by pearson correlation analysis. The influencing factors of bronchial stenosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression model. The value of SIRT-1, TGF-β1and PINP levels in bronchial lavage fluid in predicting bronchial stenosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic（ROC) curve. Results: The proportion of atelectasis and dyspnea, the levels of TGF-β1 and PINP in bronchial lavage fluid in stenosis group were higher than those in non-stenosis group（P＜0.05), and the levels of SIRT-1, forced expiratory volume in one second（FEV1), forced vital capacity（FVC) and peak expiratory flow（PEF) were lower than those in non-stenosis group（P＜0.05) . The level of SIRT-1 in bronchial lavage fluid of patients with bronchial stenosis and pulmonary tuberculosis was positively correlated with FEV1, FVC and PEF（P＜0.05), and the levels of TGF-β1 and PINP were negatively correlated with FEV1,FVC and PEF（P＜0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, dyspnea, high level of TGF-β1 and high level of PINP were risk factors for bronchial stenosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis（P＜0.05), while high level of SIRT-1 was a protective factor（P＜0.05) . The area under the curve（AUC) of bronchial lavage fluid SIRT-1, TGF-β1 and PINP for predicting bronchial stenosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 0.736, 0.799 and 0.730 respectively. The AUC of combined detection of bronchial lavage fluid SIRT-1, TGF-β1 and PINP was 0.861, which was higher than that of single index detection. Conclusion: The level of SIRT-1 in bronchial lavage fluid of patients with bronchial stenosis and pulmonary tuberculosis decrease, and the levels of TGF-β1 and PINP increase, which are relate to the decrease of lung function and the increase of the risk of bronchial stenosis, the detection of SIRT-1, TGF-β1 and PINP levels in bronchial lavage fluid has certain predictive value for bronchial stenosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and the predictive efficiency of combine detection is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in schools in Qinghai Province in the last 10 years, and to provide reference for improving the prevention and control measures of tuberculosis in schools. Methods The relevant data of Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management systemn and aQinghai Statistical Yearbookn from 2013 to 2022 were collected, and the distributions of reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among students and the delay of medical treatment were analyzed. Results A total of 69 331 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Qinghai Province from 2013 to 2022, of which 9 813 were students, accounting for 14.16% of the total. The proportion of students increased from 9.08% in 2013 to 15.26% in 2022 (护=6.223, P<0.001), The incidence showed an obvious centralized tendency from 2013 to 2022 (2=9.1757, P<0.05). The peak day of incidence was on July 30, and the epidemic period was from February 27 to December 29 every year. Tuberculosis among students in Yushu, Guoluo，and Huangnan prefectures accounted for 74.64% of the total in the province. The positive rate of etiology increased from 27.18% in 2013 to 39.56% in 2022 (於=584.449, P<0»001). The proportion of delay in seeing a doctor was 44.53%, with a median of 54 days. From 2013 to 2022, the proportion of delay in seeing a doctor decreased year by year (於=15.517, P<0.001). Conclusion The epidemic situation of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Qinghai Province shows an upward trend from 2013 to 2017, especially in Yushu and Guoluo prefecture. The reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in the province showed a downward trend since 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo evaluate the current screening methods for the students who were in close contact with tuberculosis patients， that could accurately identify the preventive treatment subjects， and to improve the tuberculosis prevention and control in Shanghai schools.MethodsThe freshman/sophomore who were in close contact with active tuberculosis patients in the colleges in 2019 were recruited. All the subjects underwent both tuberculin skin test （TST） and QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube （QFT） test at the enrollment. After signed the informed consent， all of the participants filled in a questionnaire and determined their baseline tuberculosis infection status. They were followed up for 2 years to monitor the conversion of infection status and the incidence of tuberculosis.ResultsFour of 9 （44.4%） positive participants had conversion to negative results， and 5 of 300 （1.7%） negative participants had conversion to positive during the 2-year follow-up， one of which was diagnosed with active tuberculosis. We assessed diagnostic agreement between QFT and TST at different cut-off values. The highest coincidence rate was 94.0% when choosing 15 mm as the cut-off value， with Kappa coefficient of 0.45 （95%CI： 0.32‒0.59）.ConclusionAlthough stricter than the national work requirements， the prevention and control of tuberculosis in Shanghai schools still need to be carried out meticulously. It's necessary to strengthen daily prevention and control measures， and improve the ability of management.

Objective To explore the characteristics and their significance of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with active tuberculosis(ATB), based on a relatively large sample. Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients with ATB hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (June 2012-January 2022) and the healthy population matched with age and sex (March 2019-May 2022). The characteristics of changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in ATB patients were analyzed using the healthy population as controls, and group comparisons were made between ATB patients with different modes of diagnosis and sites of involvement. Results A total of 212 ATB patients and 200 healthy participants were included. ATB patients consisted of 82 cases (38.7%) without etiological evidence and 130 cases(61.3%) with etiological evidence (77 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 21 with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and 32 with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis). Compared to healthy population, ATB patients had significantly lower counts and percentages of multiple peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets indicators, significantly higher percentage in T lymphocyte, CD8+T lymphocyte as well as higher memory CD4+T lymphocyte/CD4+T lymphocyte ratio and CD38+CD8+T lymphocyte/CD8+T lymphocyte ratio(all P < 0.05). Lymphocyte, B-cell, natural killer (NK) cell, T-lymphocyte, CD4+T-lymphocyte, and CD8+T-lymphocyte counts were lower in patients with pathogenetically confirmed ATB than in those with clinically confirmed ATB (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the counts of memory CD4+T lymphocytes, naïve CD4+T lymphocytes, CD28+T lymphocytes and activated CD8+T lymphocyte subpopulations and their percentages in patients with different tuberculosis infection sites (all P > 0.05). Compared to pulmonary tuberculosis alone, patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis had lower B-cell counts[23(10, 69)cells/μL vs. 73(25, 133)cells/μL, P=0.003] and patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis alone had higher percentages of NK cells[16.7%(10.8%, 23.6%) vs. 10.6% (5.3%, 17.4%), P=0.042]. Conclusion ATB patients manifested a reduction in peripheral blood lymphocyte subset, indicating remarkable dysfunction of immune system.

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Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the drug resistance and drug resistance genes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Zhengzhou, Henan province, so as to provide reference for effective diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection complicated with TB. Methods 3 270 registered HIV-infected (and) or TB patients in Zhengzhou, Henan province were screened for tuberculosis between January 2018 and December 2020. The epidemiology, drug resistance and drug resistance genes were studied. Results The incidence of HIV infection complicated with TB was 6.27%. Among the HIV-infected patients with TB, the majority patients were under 30 years old, 47.80% of the patients were infected with HIV through sexual transmission, 62.93% received not longer than 6 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment, 11.22% had delayed treatment, and 62.93% were initially treated for TB. The drug resistance rate was 45.37%, and mainly to isoniazid (15.12%), rifampicin (11.22%), and streptomycin (8.29%). A total of 103 drug-resistant strains were detected, and the rpoB gene mutation rate was 57.28%. katG and/or inhA gene mutations, with a mutation rate of 39.81%. Conclusions The risk of HIV infection with TB is high in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. Young adults are high-risk groups. Most of them receive short-term anti-TB treatment and initial treatment of TB. The distribution of drug resistance and drug resistance genes in HIV infected patients with TB is similar to those patients with simple TB. It is recommended to strengthen screening and prevention and control of high-risk groups in this area. If necessary, treatment plans for these groups can be developed based on drug resistance spectrum of TB.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of chest computed tomography （CT） combined with serum carbohydrate antigen-125（CA125）, procalcitonin （PCT） and interferon-γ-inducible protein 10（IP10） in pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: 108 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected, and they were divided into pulmonary tuberculosis group（71 cases） and non-pulmonary tuberculosis group（37 cases） according to biopsy results. All patients underwent chest CT examination, the levels of serum CA125, PCT and IP-10 were detected. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of chest CT combined with serum CA125, PCT and IP-10 for pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: Among the 108 cases of patients with suspected tuberculosis, 71 cases were confirmed, with a detection rate of 65.74%. The chest CT findings of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were large consolidation shadows or scattered multiple spots, accompanied by cavity, tree bud sign or pleural effusion, pleural thickening and nodular lesions. The levels of serum CA125, PCT and IP-10 in the pulmonary tuberculosis group were higher than those in the non-pulmonary tuberculosis group（P＜0.05）. The area under curve of chest CT, CA125, PCT and IP-10 for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was 0.759, 0.715, 0.688 and 0.727, respectively, the area under curve of chest CT, CA125, PCT and IP-10 for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was 0.876, which was higher than chest CT, CA125, PCT, IP-10 alone diagnosis. Conclusions: Chest CT can show the typical lesion characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis, and the levels of serum CA125, PCT and IP-10 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are significantly increased. The combination of chest CT, CA125, PCT and IP-10 can improve the diagnostic efficiency of pulmonary tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To investigate the relationship between CD64 index, serum soluble myeloid trigger receptor-1 (sTREM-1). interferon-y (INF-y) levels and drug susceptibility test results in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and influencing factors of sputum bacteria negative conversion in patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB) after treatment. Methods: A total of 408 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to December 2020 were selected as the research subjects. According to the laboratory drug sensitivity test results, they were divided into the MDR-PTB group with 113 cases, multi-drug resistance group with 60 cases, single drug resistance group with 110 cases and non-drug resistance group with 125 cases. The CD64 index, serum sTREM-1 and INF-y levels of the subjects in the four groups were detected. The patients of MDR-PTB group were divided into negative conversion group and non-negative conversion group according to whether the sputum tumed negative at 6 months after treatment, and the changes of CD64 index, serum sTREM-1 and INF-y levels in patients with MDR-PTB before and after treatment were observed, and the influencing factors of negative conversion of sputum bacteria after treatment in patients with MDR-PTB were analyzed. Results: The CD64 index and serum STREM-1 level in the MDR-PTB group and multi-drug resistance group were significantly higher than those in the single drug resistance group and non-drug resistance group (P<0.05). The serum INF-y level in the the MDR-PTB group and multi-drug resistance group was lower than that in the single drug resistance group and non-drug resistance group (P<0.05). 6 months after treatment, the CD64 index and serum sTREM-1 level of patients in the MDR-PTB negative conversion group were significantly lower than those in the non-negative conversion group, and the serum INF-y level was significantly higher than that in the non-negative conversion group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that: the range of lesions ≥ 3 lung fields, pulmonary tuberculosis cavity, number of drug-resistant species ≥ 3, CD64 index (higher) and sTREM-1 (higher) were risk factors for sputum bacterial negative conversion in patients with MDR-PTB (P<0.05), and serum INF-γ(higher) was a protective factor for sputum bacterial negative conversion in patients with MDR-PTB (P<0.05). Conclusion: CD64 index, serum sTREM-1 and INF-γhave certain relationship with the results of drug sensitivity test in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The increase of CD64 index and serum sTREM-1 after treatment is the risk factor of sputum bacteria negative conversion in patients with MDR-PTB, while the increase of INF-γis the protective factor of sputum bacteria negative conversion in patients with MDR-PTB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate the relationship between procalcitonin (PCT), high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), CD4+ /CD8+ ratio and secondary pulmonary infection in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. 97 patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to the Respiratory and Critical Care Department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2019 to June 2022 were selected, and they were divided into pulmonary infection group (53 cases) and non-pulmonary infection group (44 cases) according to whether they had secondary pulmonary infection during treatment after admission. Serum PCT, HMGB1 levels and peripheral blood CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in the two were detected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors of secondary pulmonary infection in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The value of PCT, HMGB1 and CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in predicting secondary pulmonary infection in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The levels of serum PCT and HMGB1 in pulmonary infection group were higher than those in non-pulmonary infection group(P<0.05), and the peripheral blood CD4+ /CD8+ ratio was lower than that in non-pulmonary infection group (P<0.05). The elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, serum PCT and HMGB1 were the risk factors of secondary pulmonary infection in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis (P<0.05), and the high CD4+ /CD8+ ratio was the protective factor (P<0.05). PCT, HMGB1, CD4+ /CD8+ ratio predicted the area under the curve of secondary pulmonary infection in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis was 0.719, 0.761, 0.738, and the area under curve predicted by PCT, HMGB1, and CD4+ /CD8+ ratio was 0.878, which were higher than that predicted by each indicator alone. The increase of serum PCT and HMGB1 levels and the decrease of peripheral blood CD4+ /CD8+ ratio in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis are all related to secondary pulmonary infection. The combination of PCT and HMGB1 with CD4+ /CD8+ ratio can help predict the risk of secondary pulmonary infection in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of miR-223 on pulmonary lesions and IFN-γ in rats with pulmonary tuberculosis(PT) mechanism of protein expression. Methods Rats were divided into normal group (NC group), pulmonary tuberculosis rat model group (PT group) and pulmonary tuberculosis rat model transfected with miR-223 mimics group (miR-223 group) with 10 in each group. T cells in peripheral blood was quantified by flow cytometry, IFN-γ in serum was detected by ELISA and IL-18 levels, and the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies was counted; the pathological changes of lung tissue were micros copied by HE staining; IFN-γ in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry method; RT-qPCR was used to detect miR-223 mRNA and IFN-γ in lung tissue MRNA expression. Results In PT group, the peripheral blood T cell subsets were disordered, the level of CD3+,CD4+% significantly decreased, and CD8+% was increased (P＜0.05); CD3+ and CD4+ percentage in miR-223 group were higher than those in PT group, while the percentage of CD8+ was lower(P＜0.05). Serum IFN-γ and IL-18 in PT group increased(P＜0.05); the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies in PT group was more than that in NC group (P＜0.05); the colony number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in miR-223 group was significantly less than that in PT group (P＜0.05). Total IFN-γ level in PT group was higher than that in NC group(P＜0.05) but was significantly inhibited in miR-223 group(P＜0.05). Conclusions miR-223 can inhibit the pulmonary inflammatory response caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and miR-223 showed an effect of anti-tuberculosis bacteria and may regulate host immunity, so and can effectively inhibit the expression of IFN-γ in lung tissue and thus alleviates severity of tuberculosis.

ObjectiveTo explore spatiotemporal distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and mortality and their changing trend in China from 2004 to 2018 and to provide evidence for conducting relevant studies and developing strategies on TB prevention and treatment. MethodsNationwide data of 2004 – 2018 on TB surveillance were collected and demographic data of the same period were extracted from China Statistical Yearbook. The 15-year period was divided into three stages. The spatial characteristics of TB morbidity was analyzed with Excel 2010 software and Stata 14.0 was used to analyze spatial autocorrelation. Results During the period, totally 14 816 329 TB incidents were reported in China, with an average incidence rate of 73.9029/100 000 and an average annual reported mortality of 0.2114/100 000. Spatial autocor-relation of TB morbidity in different regions was observed. ConclusionDuring 2004 – 2018 in China, the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis was decreasing generally and there were aggregations and significant regional differences in TB morbidity.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of patient adherence behavior to tuberculosis treatment based on knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) model and investigate the moderating effect of coping styles on the behaviors. Methods A total of 231 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were recruited from the Tuberculosis Clinic of Chongqing Public Health Medical Center from April 8 to June 9, 2021. There were 133 males and 98 females, with an average age of 26.97±8.57 years. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a Web-based questionnaire to collect their demographic data, knowledge, attitudes and self-reported practice behaviors related to treatment compliance, and coping styles (confrontation, avoidance and acceptance-resignation). Results ① Adherence knowledge and attitudes showed positive predictive effect on adherence behavior (β=3.014, β=0.505, P < 0.01); ② Adherence knowledge had positive predictive effect on adherence attitudes (β=2.587, P < 0.01); ③ Adherence attitudes still showed significant predictive effect on adherence behavior even when acceptance-resignation at lower level(x-1s)and average level(x)(ρ=0.483, 95%CI: 0.293~0.674, P < 0.01; ρ=0.271, 95%CI: 0.170~0.373, P < 0.01), but the effect was not significant when acceptance-resignation at high level(x±1s)(ρ=0.059, 95%CI: -0.071~0.189); ④ The interaction between avoidance and adherence knowledge showed negative predictive effect on adherence attitudes (β=-0.144, P < 0.05), while the interaction between confrontation and adherence knowledge was positive predictor for adherence attitudes (β=0.066, P < 0.05). Conclusion Improvement of adherence knowledge and attitudes contribute to adherence behavior. A decreased acceptance-resignation level can help the pulmonary tuberculosis patients enhance adherence attitude and promote their adherence behavior.

This paper reported a case of schizophrenia combined with pulmonary tuberculosis treated with clozapine in combination with rifampicin. Due to the induction of hepatic drug enzyme of rifampicin， plasma concentration of clozapine could not reach the effective concentration and the patient still had psychotic symptoms such as persecutory delusion. After discontinuation of rifampicin， plasma concentration of clozapine were in the effective concentration range and the patient's psychiatric symptoms improved. By analysing the therapeutic regimen for the patient with schizophrenia combined with pulmonary tuberculosis， this case suggested a possible interaction between clozapine and rifampin， and provided a reference for the treatment of this type of patients.