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Excessive use of the eyes, the environment is too dry or interfered by other factors, it is easy to cause the eyes to adjust the refraction for a long time, causing visual fatigue, which is mainly manifested as: Frequent blurred vision, eye soreness, dryness, tears and other eye discomfort. Studies have shown that supplementing appropriate substances can help relieve visual fatigue. At present, research on visual fatigue and eye health has made some progress, but lack of systematic summary. Therefore, this paper reviews the physiological mechanism of visual fatigue. Using the national special food information query platform as a data retrieval tool, the raw materials and iconic components of health foods that have been approved to alleviate visual fatigue are systematically counted, classified and analyzed. The progress of functional components with the function of relieving visual fatigue is systematically reviewed in order to provide some reference and inspiration for the development of health foods to alleviate visual fatigue.