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Objective: To investigate the expression levels of miR⁃199a⁃5p in the liver under various nutritional conditions and its effects on hepatic triacylglyceride (TAG) content, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Methods: RT ⁃qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR⁃199a⁃5p in liver tissues of high fat diet mice. Hepa1⁃6 and AML12 cells were transfected with miR⁃199a⁃5p mimics, inhibitors, negative controls and pcDH⁃CD36⁃flag plasmid, respectively. The changes in biomarker expression related to lipid metabolism were detected by RT⁃qPCR and Western blot, and TAG content was detected by kit. The target gene of miR⁃199a⁃5p was predicted by microRNA Target Prediction Database (miRDB) and verified by the dual luciferase reporting assay. Results: The expression levels of miR ⁃ 199a ⁃ 5p in the liver of C57BL/6J mice were elevated under high ⁃ fat diet and fasting conditions. Overexpression of miR ⁃ 199a ⁃5p reduced TAG levels in hepatocytes, while inhibition of miR ⁃ 199a ⁃5p increased intracellular TAG content. miR⁃199a⁃5p decreased the protein expression of the fatty acid translocase CD36 by interacting with its 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) . Conclusion: The expression level of miR ⁃199a ⁃5p increases during hepatic lipid accumulation, and miR ⁃199a ⁃5p may reduce TAG content in hepatocytes by targeting CD36. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]