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Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Venous malformations are the most common symptomatic low-flow vascular malformations, about 40% of them occurred in the head and neck regions. They may be cosmetically disfiguring, cause, pain ulcerate, bleed, or compress or invade adjacent structures, impede speech and swallowing, and obstruct upper airway. Current treatment methods include surgery, laser therapy, sclerotherapy with various sclerosing agents, and etc. Treatment of small and superficial venous malformation is simple and the result is reliable; however, for those deep and extensive lesions, treatment becomes difficult and even challenging. Due to the advantage and disadvantage for each modality, the selection of treatment modalities should be dependent on the patient's status and technique available. The treatment strategy should be individualized and multidisciplinary for complicated cases, in order to achieve effective results. Based on the published literatures and clinical experiences, we establish a treatment guideline for the management of oro-maxillofacial and head and neck venous malformations. This protocol will be renewed and updated to include and reflect the cutting edge knowledge, and provide newest treatment modalities for physicians involving in this specialty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the value of laryngoscopy and MRI in diagnosis and management of pharyngolaryngeal venous malformations（VMs）, and to provide reliable evidences for clinical application. Method: The clinical data of 73 patients with pharyngolaryngeal VMs was analyzed retrospectively. Laryngoscopy and MRI were detected before treatment. The involved anatomic sites and the volume of VMs were calculated by Mimics version 20.0. Result: No significant difference was found in the detection rate of VMs between laryngoscopy and MRI（ P >0.05）. The most common sites involved in pharyngolaryngeal VMs were the tongue base（37.0%）, followed by epiglottis（35.6%） and pyriform sinus（32.9%）. The volume of pharyngolaryngeal VMs ranged from 0.75 cm³to 76.33 cm³, with an average volume of （17.43±6.28） cm³. Conclusion: Laryngoscopy and MRI have their own advantages in diagnosing of pharyngolaryngeal VMs. Thus a combination which provides more information to formulate reasonable treatment plan has great diagnosing value. When treating with facial and cervical VMs, routine laryngoscopy is recommended to screen and to evaluate the laryngopharyngeal involvement., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of foam sclerotherapy with polidocanol for the treatment of venous malformation in the oropharynx. Methods: The clinical data of 21 children with venous malformation in the oropharynx treated by foam sclerotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. There were 10 males and 11 females, ranging in age from 1 month to 13 years, with a median age of 2.3 years. MRI was performed in all children, and the diagnosis was further confirmed by radiography. After general anesthesia, the oropharynx was exposed by opening device. Scalp acupuncture was used to pucture lesions and polidocanol foam was injected after the nidus was confirmed by digital subtraction angiography(DSA). The follow-up time ranged from 2-29 months, with a mean time of 15 months. The clinical symptoms, imaging data, therapeutic effects and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results: Total numbers of treatment were 52 times, 1-6 times/case; 13 cases were cured, 7 cases was relieved and no response in one case. Postoperative swelling in 13 cases, fever in 3 cases, local mucosal ulcer in 2 cases, difficult extubation in 2 cases. No nerve injury, swallowing function damage and cardiopulmonary accidents were found in all patients. Conclusion: Foam sclerotherapy with polidocanol in the treatment of venous malformation in the oropharynx is a safe and effective method.