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Copyright of Publishing Journal is the property of Wuhan University, School of Information Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the knowledge acquisition status for blood transfusion of transfusion related medical staff in underdeveloped cities in western China and explore its influencing factors. Methods A questionnaire consisted of blood transfusion laws and regulations, clinical blood transfusion theory and blood transfusion technology was designed, randomly distributed to medical staff and blood transfusion departmenttechnicians of 17 secondary/tertiary hospitals in Wuwei and then collected on the spot. The knowledge acquisition of blood transfusion of each group was compared using statistical description method, and its influencing factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 507 questionnaires were issued, and 498 valid questionnaires (98.22%) were collected. The scores of transfusion related laws and regulations, blood transfusion theory and blood transfusion technology of doctor group(n=158), nurse group(n=239) and transfusion technician group(n=101)were 4.56-5.97(5.06±0.73)(P

Objective To investigate the application status of lung function examination in children in western China. Methods From April to July, 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 93 hospitals in eight provinces or municipalities directly under the Central Government (including Sichuan, Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Yunnan and Xinjiang provinces) that had carried out lung function examination for children, and the data were summarized and analyzed. Results The 93 medical institutions carried out lung function examination for children included tertiary hospitals accounted for 72. 04% (67/93), secondary hospitals accounted for 27. 96% (26/93). The main projects included routine ventilation function test in children [100. 00% (93/93)], moisture breathing test in infants and young children [87. 95% (79/93)], bronchial relaxation test [96. 77% (90/93)], bronchial provocation test [31. 18% (29/93)], and fractional exhaled nitric oxide test [52. 69% (49/93)], etc. Among them, 27. 96% (26/93) of impulse oscillometry, 11. 83% (11/93) of lung diffusion, 3. 23% (3/93) of exercise cardiopulmonary function, 5. 38% (5/93) of infant plethysmography, and 2. 15% (2/93) of children plethysmography. In 95. 70% (89/93) of hospital lung function staff had participated in the training on lung function, and 78. 49% (73/93) and 88. 17% (81/93) had participated in the short-medium training (1-3 months and above) and short-term training (1-5 days), respectively. Conclusion There are differences between secondary and tertiary hospitals in western China in children's lung function examination items. examination items in secondary hospitals are single, tertiary hospitals do not perform well in special examination items. It is necessary to promote the application of impulse oscillometry, lung diffusion function and lung volume measurement in tertiary hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

⑴ Background——Poverty and ecological civilization construction are the realistic problems that all countries in the world need to face in their development. China has put forward the concept of green development and implemented the major strategy of targeted poverty alleviation. Ecological poverty alleviation is the combination of poverty alleviation and development and ecological protection measures in order to achieve sustainable development in poor areas. Forestry ecological poverty alleviation is an important part of ecological poverty alleviation policies in China. It is of great significance to discuss the impact of forestry ecological poverty alleviation on farmers' income for the evaluation of policy effect. ⑵ Methods——The western region of China has overlapping characteristics of ecological vulnerability and poor mountainous areas. Based on the statistical panel data of 12 provinces(municipalities, autonomous regions) in western China from 2009 to 2020,the index system of forestry ecological poverty alleviation is established by using principal component analysis (PCA) and entropy method. T he fixed effects regression model established through empirical research is used to study the impact of forestry ecological poverty alleviation on farmers' income. ⑶ Results——The regression results show that the coefficient of forestry ecological poverty alleviation is significant at 1% level, that is, forestry ecological poverty alleviation promotes the improvement of farmers' income level. When forestry ecological poverty alleviation changes by 1%,farmers' income will increase by 1.92%, and it has long-term effects. Third, the industrial effect of forestry ecological poverty alleviation has greater impact on farmers' income than the ecological effect and employment effect. The industrial effect is significantly positive at 1% level, while the ecological effect and employment effect are not significant. Fourth, since 2015, the intensity of forestry ecological poverty alleviation in China has been enhanced and the income effect has been significant. The analysis of the trend of forestry ecological poverty alleviation indexes shows that before 2015,forestry ecological poverty alleviation(average) fluctuated steadily at about 0.17.After 2015,the growth rate was more obvious, peaking at 0.25 in 2019.Taking 2015 as the dividing line, the panel data is divided into two groups. The regression of the two groups of data shows that the income effect from 2015 to 2020 was significant. Fifth, forestry industry upgrading has a significant positive moderating effect on the impact of forestry ecological poverty alleviation on farmers' income. The coefficient of forestry ecological poverty alleviation is significantly positive at 1% level, and the interaction term is significantly positive at 5% level. ⑷ Conclusions and Discussions——First, forestry ecological poverty alleviation should take into account the dual objectives of ecology and economy, and deal with the relationship between development and protection according to local conditions. It is necessary to implement ecological compensation, employment assistance and industrial drive, promote the rational utilization of forestry resources, and expand the income channels of farmers. Second, optimize the forestry industry structure, upgrading the industrial value chain, cultivate forestry products with high value-added forestry products and explore a new path for poverty alleviation through integrated development of forestry primary, secondary and tertiary industries to improve the effectiveness of forestry ecological poverty alleviation. Third, improve the ecological compensation mechanism, gradually expand its coverage and raise the compensation standards, and explore diversified compensation methods. Fourth, coordinate the relationship between “government dominance” and “market vitality”, he government should give full play to its public service function and improve its ability of ecological governance. At the same time, the vitality of efficient markets should be stimulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geography & Geographic Information Science is the property of Geography & Geo-Information Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The scientific evaluation of tourism efficiency is helpful to optimize the allocation of tourism resources. In the context of Silk Road Economic Belt, this article uses the three-stage DEA model and Moran's I index to study the efficiency level and space difference of tourism in various provinces in the western China from 2014 to 2018. The results show that the technical efficiency of the tourism industry in the western provinces is at a relatively low level as a whole, the technical efficiencies of the provinces are quite different, showing obvious zonal distribution characteristics. There is a serious mismatch between the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of each province. The provinces with the highest technical efficiency have an advantage over pure technical efficiency, while the lower-ranked provinces have the opposite. After the input slack variable is adjusted, the efficiency level of each province has undergone significant changes, indicating that the external environment and management inefficiency have had a certain impact on the efficiency of tourism. The technical efficiency of tourism in the western provinces has obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. According to the research results, development suggestions are given from four aspects: external environment building, characteristic brand building, development model transformation, and training of employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green development is the way leading to ecological civilization. Green development index is essencial for evaluating the level of ecological civilization, as well as for assessing the construction degree of beautiful China and a well-off society in an all-round way. It is of great significance to comprehensively, rapidly and dynamically obtain the data of green development index and carry out accurate evaluation. However, the traditional investigation methods are difficult to meet the evaluation requirements in terms of data timeliness and coverage. Satellite remote sensing technology is expected to play an important role in green development evaluation due to its advantages of comprehensive, dynamic, rapid and large-scale data acquisition. Focusing on the scientific connotation and objectives of green development, the green development index acquisition, evaluation methods and evaluation systems were systematically summarized in China and abroad. The index selection, technical process and evaluation method of green development evaluation were put forward by using satellite remote sensing technology. Finally, the application test was carried out in Yan'an-Yulin area. The results show that the degree of green development in the area gradually decreases from south to northwest, and the value in Yan'an area is usually higher than that in Yulin area; the ecological environment in the northwestern and southeastern Yulin area is fragile, and the corresponding degree of green development is relatively low. Based on the small-scale application, the following outlook is made in conjunction with the needs of green and high-quality development assessment in western China. It is suggested to build a monitoring network and big data platform for green development in western China, and give full play to the supporting role of natural resources data in the scientific decision-making of critical engineering and major projects of China western development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There was a gap between the level of clinical performance /research in Western China and that in Eastern China. Through the investigation and comparison of the staff composition, beds number and research publication in the Department of Otolaryngology of two affiliated hospitals of Western and Eastern medical colleges in 2020, the weakness and barriers of medical personnel in Western China were found out. The regular Journal Clubs(JCs) is an effective method which may stimulate the interest of faculty at hospital in clinical research, enhance research level and arouse the enthusiasm of paper publication with extensive view of latest medical progress and improve the quality of healthcare service.

With the continuous advancement of higher education reform, the non-education majors in universities upgraded from normal schools have gradually surpassed the development scale of education majors, but their advantages in running teachers’ universities have gradually faded away. Problems such as specific objectives, teaching staff, curriculum, practical links, and “U-G-S”(university-government- primary and secondary school) cooperation gradually appear in the western China universities in the process of application-oriented transformation. In order to further construct and develop teachers’ universities, the universities in Western China need to strengthen the orientation of application-oriented teachers’ education, speed up the connotative construction of teachers’ education; Government needs to constantly guarantee the construction of teachers’ education, guide the society to understand the application-oriented teachers’ university, create a positive public opinion environment; all sectors of society needs to participate in the construction of application-oriented normal universities, and provides help to improve the quality of teachers’ education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Calculattion and analysis of the forest carrying capacity and inter-provincial（ citie, region） differences in western China to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of the ecological environment in China.【Method】Taking 12 provinces（ cities, regions） in western China（ Guangxi,Sichuan,Shaanxi,Yunnan,Guizhou,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia,Tibet,Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia and Chongqing） as the research objects, the comprehensive evaluation method was used to construct their forest ecological carrying capacity and environmental pollution pressure index. The entropy weight TOPSIS model was used to calculate the forest ecological carrying capacity and environmental pollution pressure index, and then the evolution law of forest ecological carrying rate was studied.【Result】From 2014 to 2017,the forest carrying capacity in western China showed an upward trend, and the pressure of environmental pollution showed an inverted Ushaped change trend. The combined effect of the two caused the forest ecological carrying capacity in western China to decrease first and then increase. The forest ecological carrying rate index of the 12 provinces（ cities, regions） in descending order is 1. 56（ Ningxia）,1. 16（ Guangxi）,0. 92（ Tibet）,0. 86（ Qinghai）,0. 83（ Shaanxi）,0. 82（ Yunnan）,0. 70（ Gansu）,0. 68（ Sichuan）,0. 61（ Xinjiang）,0. 60（ Inner Mongolia）,0. 56（ Guizhou）,0. 46（ Chongqing）. The analysis of the average forest ecological carrying rate index shows that the forest resources of Chongqing, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Guizhou, Gansu and Xinjiang are overloaded, while the forest resources of Yunnan, Shaanxi, Qinghai and Tibet are in a balanced state, and forest resources in Guangxi and Ningxia are in a state of surplus.【Conclusion】The forest carrying status of the 12 provinces（ cities, regions） in western China has generally evolved from a surplus state to an overloaded state and then to a balanced state, but there are differences among provinces（ cities, regions）. Increasing the forest ecological carrying rate in the western region must be carried out in parallel from two aspects: enriching forest resources and reducing environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ancient marine strata in large basins in western China (the Ordos, Sichuan and Tarim Basins) are complicated by multi-stage structural transformation, which makes it difficult to accurately identify and analyze sedimentary formations and identify oil and gas exploration targets. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the sedimentary tectonic background and infill sequences of the marine carbonate rocks in these basins, and establishes the geological structural model of typical sedimentary formations. It is found that the marine carbonates in these basins were deposited during the pre-Mesozoic discrete period of the China Block; the Ordos Basin is quasi-stable, and there was almost no clastic rock cushion in most areas before the deposition of the ancient carbonate rocks. The sub-stable Sichuan Basin and active Tarim Basin each have a clastic base. Ancient underlying rifts developed in the basement and at the margins of the three basins, containing ochsenkopf (Niutou)-type formations. During the pre-Indosin-ian, a number of different-scale paleo-uplifts were extensively formed, around which para-anticlinal formations were deposited. During tectonically stable intervals, an epicontinental sea covered the marine interior craton, and dolomite sheet formations developed in the wide tidal platform. Few of these have been studied until now. The strongly concealed Niutou, para-anticlinal and dolomite sheet formations at great burial depths and subject to tectonic/ sedimentary differentiation, are all important targets for oil and gas exploration. Therefore, how to accurately extract information about these structures that were formed and re-formed by multiple cycles of tectonic movement, and identify the fine structures of the three basins and their hydrocarbon accumulation, are challenges for the oil and gas exploration of deep marine strata, and further study is very necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of remote sensing (RS) technology and increasing demand for the application of RS in natural resources survey, RS is promoting the transformation of procedure and method in natural resources survey by means of prior-observation, prior-detection and prior-monitoring to enhance the acquisition of natural resources data and improve the accuracy and speed of survey. Based on the new changes of natural resources survey system in the new era, the paper puts forward the concept, goal and development direction of Remote Sensing First as follows: RS-first is an important part of the construction of natural resources survey and monitoring technology system, which can realize the total-factor, full-coverage, all-weather and full-scale survey and monitoring of natural resources; Through the innovation of RS technology and transformation/application of RS products, RS can play an important leading role in survey and monitoring of minerals, ecology, water, soil and disaster; The integrated satellite-aero-ground RS observation is the most effective technical means to promote the accurate and rapid survey of natural resources in western China, as well as monitoring of global-scale environmental problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and handgrip strength in middle-aged and elderly people in 5 cities of Western China., Methods: Based on the data of a cross-sectional survey conducted in the 5 cities of Western China from February to July 2023, the relevant demographic characteristics of people were collected by questionnaire, handgrip strength was collected by physical examination, and serum 25(OH)D was detected by HPLC-MS/MS. The association between the serum 25(OH)D and handgrip strength was analyzed using Logistic regression and Chi-square test for between-group comparisons models., Results: The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency among the middle-aged and elderly people in the 5 cities of Western China was 52.9% and 34.5%, respectively. The people who were older, female, and sampled in winter had lower serum 25(OH)D levels ( P < 0.05). The prevalence of loss of handgrip strength among the middle-aged and elderly people was 25.3%. The prevalence of handgrip strength loss was higher in the aged 65-80 participants with 25(OH)D deficiency (45. 0%) than in those with 25(OH)D insufficiency (32.6%) and 25(OH)D sufficiency (20.6%). The highest prevalence of loss of handgrip strength was found in the aged 75-80 participants with 25(OH)D deficiency (62. 1%), followed by the 25(OH)D insufficient group (11.1%, P < 0.05). The study found that middle-aged and elderly people with 25(OH)D deficiency had a 1.4-fold increased risk of handgrip strength loss compared with those with 25(OH)D sufficiency ( OR =2.403, 95% CI : 1.202-4.804, P =0.013). No significant association was found between 25(OH)D insufficiency and handgrip strength status in the middle-aged and elderly people. For every 5 μg/L increase in total serum 25(OH)D, the risk of handgrip strength loss reduced by 13.1% ( OR =0.869, 95% CI : 0.768-0.982, P =0.025). For every 5 μg/L increase in serum 25(OH)D 2 , the risk of handgrip strength loss reduced by 24.1% ( OR =0.759, 95% CI : 0.582-0.990, P =0.042). No significant association was found between serum 25(OH)D 3 levels and the risk of handgrip strength loss. The risk of handgrip strength loss in middle-aged and elderly people was reduced by 25.2% for each incremental increase in the total serum 25(OH)D levels (deficient, insufficient and sufficient) ( OR =0.748, 95% CI: 0.598-0.936, P =0.011). The risk of handgrip loss was reduced by 40.0% for each incremental increase in serum 25(OH)D levels in the aged 65-80 and aged 65-69 participants, and by 80.0% for each incremental increase in 25(OH)D levels in the aged 75-80 parti-cipants., Conclusion: Serum total 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D 2 levels are associated with handgrip strength status in middle-aged and elderly people in the 5 cities of Western China.

In order to reveal the unsafe factors in the whole life cycle of the water diversion open channel in the dry and cold areas in western China, it is necessary to avoid frequent diseases of open channel in this area, which brings great losses to society and economy. In this paper, for the western dry and cold regions unique climatic and geological conditions, according to the Code for Design of Irrigation and Drainage Canal System Structures and combined with the expert consultation and the previous team’s study on characteristics of open channel diseases in this area, this paper established the safety index system of diversion channel and used the gray Euclid theoretical model to evaluate the safety of the whole life cycle. This paper used IAHP to solve the weight of each index, used gray Euclid association theory to determine the correlation between the indicators and finally got the relative gray Euclid weighted correlation degree of diversion channel safely sort. Taking four open channel sections in the dry and cold areas of western China for an example, the paper applied the gray Euclid model to evaluate the safety. The conclusion was in agreement with the actual situation. The research result shows that the model is effective and practical for the safety evaluation of the open channel in western China and it can provide an important basis for the safety management of open channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research used the SBM model based on undesirable outputs to measure the static environmental efficiency of Western China under carbon emission constraint from 2000 to 2012. The researchers also utilized the Malmquist index to further analyze the change tendency of environmental efficiency. Additionally, Tobit regression analysis was used to study the factors relevant to environmental efficiency. Practical solutions to improve environmental quality in Western China were put forward. The study showed that in Western China, environmental efficiency with carbon emission constraint was significantly lower than that without carbon emission constraint, and the difference could be described as an inverse U-shaped curve which increased at first and then decreased. Guang-xi and Inner Mongolia, the two provinces met the effective environmental efficiency levels all the time under carbon emission constraint. However, the five provinces of Guizhou, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang did not. Furthermore, Ningxia had the lowest level of environmental efficiency, with a score between 0.281-0.386. Although the environmental efficiency of most provinces was currently at an ineffective level, the environmental efficiency quality was gradually improving at an average speed of 6.6%. Excessive CO2 emission and a large amount of energy consumption were the primary factors causing environmental inefficiency in Western China, and energy intensity had the most negative impact on the environmental efficiency. The increase of import and export trade reduced the environmental efficiency significantly in Western China, while the increase of foreign direct investment had a positive effect on its environmental efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To deeply understand the quantity, quality, spatial distribution characteristics and the representative of cultivated land of national standard farmland in western China at macro scale, it is very important to set up and improve the monitoring system of cultivated land quality in the whole country. This paper, based on the database of farmland classification and national standard farmland in western China (12 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions), gives a analysis of the quantitative distribution characteristic of national standard farmland of the western region in gradation (quality) and on a secondary zone of the standard farming system. The paper then analyzes the spatial distribution features of standard farmland based on GIS and conducts inspection, definition and statistical tests for the representative of national standard farmland. Results show that: (1) In the view of quantitative distribution characteristics, national standard farmlands of the western China were distributed across all the gradations 4-15, but exhibited great differences in each gradation, such as more than half of them concentrated in 8-12 gradation. The distribution of national standard farmland in the 4, 5, 14, and 15 grades was less. Furthermore, national standard farmlands of the western China are unevenly distributed in the secondary zone and have not covered 28 secondary zones of the standard farming system. Therefore, there exists cultivated land but no national standard farmland in five secondary zones such as Daxing'an Mountains region and so on. (2) From the spatial distribution characteristics, national standard farmland is uniformly distributed on the whole, but there is a significant spatial difference and there exist excessive concentration phenomena in six secondary zones. Thus, the data presented suggest that we should adjust and optimize the monitoring sample plot layout of national standard farmland in western China, according to a comprehensive analysis of the testing results and the distribution characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]