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Purpose. The objective of this research is to explore if and in what way Croatian public libraries mark Banned Books Week, an event that celebrates the freedom to read, usually in the last week of September. Approach/methodology/design. First, by searching the websites of the libraries as well as their Facebook profiles, we identified the libraries that celebrate Banned Books Week. In addition, Google was also searched according to the precisely defined keywords. Furthermore, a content analysis of the identified news and announcements was carried out. The research was first conducted in October 2021, and then repeated at the end of September and the beginning of October 2022. The goal was to determine if any new public libraries have commemorated this event in the meantime. Findings. The research has shown that only twenty Croatian public libraries (out of 234) celebrated Banned Books Week, which is only 8.55% of all public libraries. The oldest posted news available online about the celebration of this event in Croatia dates back to 2011, which leads us to the conclusion that Banned Books Week has only been celebrated for the last ten years, and often without continuity. The event has been cele- brated usually very modestly, with only a few examples that are more creative. From the above, it can be concluded that Banned Books Week in Croatian public libraries is still not celebrated to a greater extent, and that this project has not fully taken root. Limitations. Since the total number of libraries in Croatia is very large it would be difficult to cover all libraries in one research, so this research has been limited to public libraries only. In addition, it is very likely that neither the selected ways of identifying libraries that celebrate Banned Books Week nor the chosen search strategies are the only possible ones. Practical use. The paper presents various possibilities and ways of celebrating this event. It is also an invitation to other libraries to join in the celebration of freedom of reading and open access to information. Social significance. The paper points to the important role of public libraries, as well as libraries in general, in the fight against censorship of the written word, advocating the idea of freedom of reading and intellectual freedom in general, and thus emphasizes their role in building and development of a democratic society. Originality/value. The value of the paper lies in the fact that it presents the research of a topic that is insufficiently represented in Croatia. So far, no similar research on the Banned Books Week in Croatia has been conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. The goal of the paper is to identify, investigate and present the official ways of controlling the press in Australia in the 1930s and the ways in which editors and publishers of Croatian newspapers in Australia avoided censorship. This was the time when publications in foreign languages were checked before granting permission to publish, and within the Australian Croatian community the primary language of communication was Croatian. Based on the research, a list of all Croatian newspapers that were published in Australia in the early 1930s is compiled. Approach/methodology/design. The methods used in the research are the method of structured search of online public institutions' catalogues (primarily libraries and archives in Australia), content analysis of archival sources and publications, and the method of involving the Croatian community in Australia. Results. The research resulted in new findings about publications and their editing in the observed period. The social framework for publishing newspapers was researched and presented, and ways to avoid censorship were identified. Each way to avoid censorship is documented and described on the basis of archival sources or a few preserved publications. The research has identified publications that were published in the observed timeframe; the basic data on their publication and editing practices have been investigated. Originality/value. Two publications discovered during the research are described in the paper (Oganj and Iskra). In addition, one publication (one issue of Borba) was found, which was mentioned in the literature, but the bibliographic elements and technical characteristics have never been analysed and the place of storage was not known. All three publications have been digitized and are freely accessible at the links provided in the paper. Furthermore, the research has shown that one publication, which has so far been cited as the publication of Croats in Australia, was not actually published in Australia (Proleter). A list of publications published by Croats in Australia in the early 1930s was compiled on the basis of archival documents, and the ways of conducting and avoiding censorship were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ANAFORA is the property of Anafora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The extent to which the COVID pandemic has been shaped by communication is enigmatic as the very term “viral” has become a term of information science as much as of biology. Insofar as sizable populations have become cynical about information regarding COVID, their behavior has accelerated the threat of the virus. This paper proposes that this pandemic is fundamentally a crisis of communication emerging from antagonisms and inconsistencies latent within a general concept of “freedom”. The notion of freedom that has emerged with neoliberalism is one of a lack of regulation. Such a naive idea of freedom becomes particularly problematic when compounded with the classical liberal value of freedom of speech. This paper addresses the impossibility of unlimited speech, particularly on the internet, focusing on the desire such impossibility stimulates. This desire is an economic fuel for social media platforms. Insofar as artists share their practices via social media and generally use these platforms for networking, their practices inherit contradictions that artists must become conscious of to prevent a web-based practice from becoming emotionally exploitive and economically complicit. This crisis amplifies those contradictions that drive the artist to the point of despair.

Copyright of HUM: Journal of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Mostar is the property of University of Mostar, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. The goal of this paper is to contribute to the theoretical debate on censorship by exploring a specific manifestation of censorship - a bottom-up censorship - and its recognition, or lack of it, in theoretical discussions and historical examples. Methodology. The paper presents an analysis of the existing definitions of censorship in the national and international librarianship and political science literature. The analysis itself consists of examining the four constituent definition elements: subject, object, action, and purposes of censorship. Research limitations. The number of definitions subjected to the analysis and the examples of censorship are limited and reduced, according to the author's view, to the most significant ones. Findings. As a result of the analysis, a new definition of censorship is proposed as well as a new classification of censorship: the classification by subject which differentiates the top-down censorship and the bottom-up censorship. The paper describes main characteristics of both types of censorship with emphasis on the bottom-up censorship. Practical and social implications. The practical aspect and importance of this topic for librarians is touched upon in the conclusion. Originality. The originality and value of this paper is in the proposed definition of censorship and the classification of censorship by subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Libri & Liberi is the property of Croatian Association of Researchers in Children's Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Libraries as supposed to be the most democratic places in the world have a clearly defined role and purpose in society. They are obliged to provide equal access to information for all, but also to get an impact on reader preferences and at the same time to perform an educational role. In that gap between the imperative to obey the law and follow democratic principles – providing the right to information on the one hand, and the dictates of the market on the other, libraries found themselves in an unenviable position when it comes to the segment of acquiring library materials and creating funds. Although, in principle, this business segment is regulated through various professional recommendations and by legal and internal acts of libraries, there still remains an unresolved dilemma related to the treatment of publications and/or authors that can be classified on a certain basis as problematic from ethical or aesthetic aspects. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the theoretical understanding of specific manifestations of censorship that can occur in certain segments of library practice such as creating funds, purchasing library materials, or meeting user requirements. This is being achieved by comparing what are real dilemmas in practice and what the legislation prescribes or what is recommended by professional organizations. By focusing on questioning the boundaries in solving the aforementioned problems, through an attempt to open specific issues, it seeks to point out the shortcomings of existing solutions and a certain discrepancy between the offered legal-theoretical framework and its implementation in everyday practice.

Copyright of Medianali is the property of University of Dubrovnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Correspondence as a source for the study of literary, cultural, and political circumstances and events in Bosnia has not received an appropriate place in the humanities and social sciences because the letters are treated exclusively in the field of privacy. However, letters are sometimes a first-class source for presenting an image of a particular period or event, especially if it is interesting to determine how a particular person or group understands events or processes in society and culture. Studying the letters would open a different perspective on some events since it is often about an "informal" form of communication. In the framework of Bosnian studies, the so-called "letters from the border/krajišnička pisma" (Muhamed Nezirović and Lejla Nakaš) have been the most comprehensively studied, with slightly fewer letters in oriental languages (Sabaheta Gačanin), while letters from the 20th century (Hamid Dizdar, Munir Šahinović, Alija Nametak, for example), unfortunately, did not receive proper valorization. In this paper, the correspondence of Alija Nametak between the two world wars will be presented. Considering the dispersed thematic content of the letters, they are grouped into several thematic units. Letters about Safvet-beg Bašagić, letters about political censorship of articles and literary and artistic works, and correspondence with Slavists throughout Europe especially stand out. The letters were linked to other texts (co-text) that were in the broadest sense related to the topics of the letters. We tried to present as much as possible the events to which the letters referred. We also pay attention to the need to renew the study of Bosnian archival and documentary material, especially in the study of the history of literature.

Copyright of Polemos is the property of Croatian Sociological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work will analyze obituaries published in the local papers at the time of death of Croatian writer Fran Galović, namely, the dailies Obzor, Hrvatska, Hrvatski pokret, Narodne novine and the monthly magazine Savremenik. Special attention will be given to obituaries which made mention of the postal card Galović sent to Milan Ogrizović shortly before his death and how it spawned alternative theories about his death. Additional material includes various texts written under the watchful eyes of the censors framing the poet’s tragic death as a heroic act in service to his country.

The emergence of global production and information networks, the rise of super sized national, supranational and multinational media organisations, their impact and influence on global trends, the expansion of technology and the presence of a sophisticated information superhighway that allow for the instantaneous transfer of information all converge to make the control of the flow of information next to impossible. However, in young democracies, such as Nigeria, the power to regulate the access to information conferred on state actors has been regularly exploited as a means of denying of information to the public, freedom of the press and freedom of speech. This paper inquires into the antecedents of censorship, examines these antecedents in the light of broader historical and contemporary dynamics within the country and projects the likely implications for the entrenchment of transparency in the Public Service Media (PSM) in Nigeria via freedom of information. The research adopted the qualitative doctrinal and empirical methods of legal research.