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The purpose of this paper is to work out a synthetic indicator, which would help in identification, evaluation and comparison of demographic resources. The secondary aim is to form a spatial unit typology in the Republic of Croatia according to the synthetic indicator's value. The synthetic indicator has been named demographic resources index (ider ). It consists of two basic components: demographic index (idem ) and education index (io ). Population size is included in the calculation, specifically as a corrective in the form of a coefficient (k). The first index-component consists of eleven variables. It includes a general direction of demographic changes in the past period, the most important indicators of demographic potential and the synthetic indicator of the population natural change and age structure. The second index-component consists of four variables. It includes the characteristics of the population's attained level of education, as well as indications of the most educated contingent's future proportions. Based on the obtained values of the synthetic indicator, a typology of Croatian territorial units has been formed with six types of demographic resources, and their basic characteristics have been determined. The synthetic indicator of demographic resources has turned out to be relevant and applicable on all levels of Croatian territorial units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I analyse Croatian citizenship policies in the post-communist context and argue that it is a very instructive case for understanding the citizenship conundrum that followed the end of the communist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe. Almost everywhere in post-communist Europe, and especially in the post-partition states formed after the collapse of socialist multinational federations, new citizenship legislation and administrative practices frequently resulted in creating three distinct categories of individuals: the included, the excluded, and the invited (more often than not ethnic kin abroad). I put a special focus on the transformations of the citizenship policies in Croatia and how the dynamic between the included, the excluded and the invited changed from nationalist Croatia in the 1990s to an EU-oriented Croatia in the 2000s. The analysis of Croatian citizenship policies allows me to suggest that post-Tudman Croatia can be seen as an exemplary case of ethnic democracy according to the criteria defined by Sammy Smooha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with EU systems under the title European quality policy intended for labelling food and agricultural products of specific character aiming at producers' and consumers' rights protection. Both categories should benefit from the system by consistent implementation of regulations. The EU quality indications (protected designation of origin -PDO, protected geographical indication - PGI, traditional speciality guaranteed - TSG and ecologically cultivated products) are visible pieces of information on product quality, its character and origin. The indication can be acquired if during the process of registration specific features of the product and its better quality are proven when compared to similar products from some other area. Legal procedure at EU level has been regulated by EC Council Regulations No. 510/2006, No. 509/2006 and ecological cultivation, still a part of the Regulation No. 20092/91.The Republic of Croatia has partially harmonised its legislation with the acquis communautaire, regulating this matter. The Indication of Designation and Geographical Origin, Traditional Status of Agricultural and Food Products Act was passed for the first time last year. In the meantime the screening of agriculture including the mentioned area of indication i.e. the area of quality policy started and there was a need for further harmonisation in this area so as to enable harmonisation with relevant EU regulations. Practical usage of these rights for the Republic of Croatia has been presented on the example of the County of Varaždin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the paper was to analyse the distribution of household income in Croatia among ethnic groups (Croats and ethnic minorities) in low-income households. The second aim was to analyse basic socio-demographic characteristics of low-income households from different ethnic groups. The third aim was to determine the differences between majority and minority groups in the non-monetary and cumulative deprivation indicators, and the fourth was to examine the differences in the position of ethnic minority groups on the labour market. The source of data was the European Quality of Life Survey, which was carried out in Croatia in 2006 by the UNDP Croatia. Due to small subsaniples of ethnic minority groups, the data for the majority group was compared with the data for Serbian and other minority groups (12 ethnic minority groups). The share of the Serbs living in low-income households was about two and a ha If times the share of the Croats, while the share of persons from other ethnic minority groups living in low-income households was about 3% larger than the share of the Croats. Age, type of household, the number of employed household members, the region of residence and the size of town accounted for about two thirds of the gap in the overall number of persons with low income between the Croats and the Serbian ethnic minority (the number of employed household members accounted for almost one third of the mentioned difference). The Serbs more frequently than Croats or persons from other ethnic minority groups receive social assistance or means-tested benefits and have a less favourable position on the labour market. Based on the research findings, some policy measures are suggested in order to reduce the gap in the number of persons with low income between the majority group and ethnic minority groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to determine the perception of the conflict between family and work obligations among the employed persons in Croatia, and the factors (socio-demographic, work characteristics and family characteristics) of the disturbing effect of the family role on the work role and vice versa. The analysis was conducted on the sample of 2,983 employed respondents in Croatia. The analysis was originally made on the overall sample of employed and self-employed respondents, and in the next step, with the aim of determining gender differences in the perception of and factors of conflict, the interaction of the variable of gender with predictor variables was introduced. The predictors answer for some 17% of the variance of conflict "work-family", and some 8% of the variance of conflict "family-work". The most important predictors of conflict were work characteristics, primarily working hours, experience of work and perception of job safety. Among family characteristics, the care for elderly/infirm persons proved to be the most important characteristics contributing to the increase of conflict. It has been determined that while more frequent inclusion in performing family chores contributes to larger conflict between family and work obligations for men, more frequent participation in the care for the children contributes to larger conflict between family and work obligations for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the lithic analysis of chipped stone artefacts from a Starcevo culture site at Zadubravlje. Blanks for tool production (fl akes, blades and bladelets) were produced at the site itself, mostly on the surface, although pit 19 probably functioned as a working area. It was established that the blades were produced by indirect percussion. Predominant tools are pieces with partial retouch and those with one retouched edge. Geometric forms are also present, although in small percentage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with regional characteristics of birth rates in Croatia on different territorial levels: from individual townships and municipalities to counties and larger areas, such as Pannonian and Karst regions (further divided into the islands, the seashore and the inland). The analysis is based on the average birth rates for a three-year period (2001-2003). In order to eliminate the influence of differences in the age composition of population, standardized birth rates are being calculated. Entire female population of Croatia has been chosen for standard population. In all counties and larger regional entities the process of regional homogenization at low birth rates level is prominent. However, a certain polarization of birth rates in hypothetical conditions of a standardized age composition was determined. One pole is located in Bukovica and Dalmatinska Zagora - the area of hypothetically the highest fertility, and the other one is in Istria and around Rijeka - the area of hypothetically the lowest fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Born in Rijeka and studied medicine in Vienna, Paris and Prague. He started his medical career in Belgrade State Hospital in 1920 but since 1922 he worked as an assistent at the State Institute of Epidemiology in Zagreb. In 1924 he was sent to USA to specialize in bacteriology, serology and immunology. Back in Zagreb he was engaged in antidiphtheric serum production. Later he became more interested in different aspects of community hygiene. After the World War II he was the Head of Sanitary and Epidemiological Station in Zagreb. Later he was appointed as Chief Sanitary Inspector in Zagreb. He was a lecturer in community hygiene at the School of Medicine University of Zagreb. He contributed numerous articles for the Medical Encyclopedia as well as for the Maritime Encyclopedia. He participated actively and lectured at the meetings of the Section for the History of Medicine of the Croatian Medical Association. He published 125 papers, and three of them appeared in the distinguished international scientific journal. He died in 1975 in Zagreb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first part of the paper, the author deals with the beginnings of the Croatian pension system, tracing it to the pensions of soldiers and civil servants, guild coffers that emerged in the 19th century, and the pension insurance of the employees of the first Croatian banks in the beginning of the 20th century. Following World War I, the Act on Social Insurance of Workers was adopted in the Yugoslav Monarchy in 1922, regulating pension insurance of workers. However, this law was not applied until 1937. Pension insurance and other forms of social insurance have been systematically introduced after World War II. From the institutional and financial standpoint, pension insurance was gradually decentralised and transferred to the competence of Republics of that period. The crisis of the pension system, already present in the end of the socialist period, was further deepened during the Homeland War and post-socialist transition. It was primarily reflected in the problems related to financing pension systems and the drop of the pension levels. Towards the end of the 1990s, a so-called small, parametric reform was conducted, rationalising the existing pension system. In 2002, a partial capitalization of reforms was initiated, which meant the radical change of the pension system. Pension reform, connected with the changes in society, caused new problems in the first pillar of intergenerational solidarity. After the "debt to pensioners" that was made in the first half of the 1990s, and which is gradually being paid back, the current problem are so-called "new pensioners", who have entered retirement after 1999, and whose pension income is increasingly lagging behind income of those who have entered retirement beforehand. The author points out that the future development of the pension system will be largely determined by the economic development, particularly by growth of employment. He also predicts that Croatia will correct the existing pension system through the change of some of its parameters, (such as the retirement age), while also reconstructing its institutional structure, primarily through the introduction of basic pensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to determine the distribution of poverty, the structure of the poor, at-risk groups and living conditions of the poor in Croatia. In the beginning of 2004, the Croatian Caritas and the Centre for the Promotion of Social Teaching of the Church conducted a research on poverty in Croatia. The sample included 1 216 households from the territory of entire Croatia. According to the objective poverty line (60 percent median of equivalent income), 27 percent of households lived in poverty in Croatia in 2004. The subjective poverty rates differ considerably, depending on the manner of measurement, and they range from 15 to 70 percent. Some inconsistency is present, both among the subjective poverty indicators and among the objective and subjective poverty indicators. Subjective perceptions of a social situation are more firmly connected with the imitation patterns of referential groups than with real financial possibilities. Households headed by persons with the primary school level of education or less than that, by pensioners and unemployed or inactive persons are faced with an above-average risk of poverty. In general, the households in which elderly persons live without other age groups, as well as the households with one adult person with dependent children are faced with an above-average risk of poverty. Poor persons have a higher level of deprivation than the total population according to most indicators. They also have more health related problems and slimmer chances to improve their financial situation. The income structure analysis shows that salaries are the most important source of income for poor persons and for the total population. However, poor persons realise their income on the market much more rarely, relying more on the state transfers than the citizens in general. Certain poverty alleviation measures are suggested in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an analysis of human remains from two medieval sites in continental Croatia: Crkvari and Kliškovac. To date, the remains of 121 persons (47 children, 27 women and 47 men) have been excavated from the two sites, and the remains of adult individuals (n=74) have been studied to determine the frequency and distribution of traumas. The average age of males in the analysed sample was 37.4 years, while the average age of females was 36.5 years. A total of 573 long bones were analysed. The overall frequency of trauma on postcranial bones was 2.8% (16/573). In 14 persons (8 females and 6 males), signs of antemortem trauma were observed, while in 6 individuals (4 women and 2 men) perimortem trauma were observed. All perimortem traumas were caused by sharp bladed weapon (probably a sword or battle knife). The overall frequency of cranial trauma was 16.7%. Similar to the postcranial traumas, among these traumas there were several perimortem injuries. A comparison with a number of osteological series from Croatia and other parts of the world shows that the Crkvari and Kliškovac sample is specific because of the high frequency of cranial traumas and the large number of perimortem fractures. Considered together, these results indicate that there was a high risk of interhuman violence at the analysed sites. The fact that four out of six persons with perimortem cuts were women suggests that the observed injuries may have been the results of violence committed by swiftly-moving armed marauding gangs, set on terrorising and looting the civilian population, rather than the results of armed clashes between two military groups. Further multidisciplinary research incorporating osteological, archaeological and historical analysis is necessary to confirm the results obtained from this sample, and to attempt to identify specific episodes of intentional violence that resulted in the observed traumas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the emergence of library services for children in countries with a developed public library system, Croatian public libraries started developing special sections and services for children. This paper provides a review of the development of children's library services in Croatia from 1950's to 2005, describing the situation in children's libraries based on the data presented in 2004 by the Commission for Children's Libraries of the Croatian Library Association. The latter indicated a significant difference in the development of children's libraries in Croatia, both in terms of specific activities and in terms of the context in which they operate. This suggests a need for setting the basic standards which would define in more detail the conditions for performing activities focused more on the needs and rights of the users of children's libraries. The development of a clear operating strategy for children's services, as part of the general public libraries strategy, is yet another precondition for the development and successful operation in the field of children's library services in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pension reform in Croatia, which has started in 1999, established the three-pillar pension system and introduced important changes in its first pillar -- the public pension insurance based on the intergenerational solidarity (PAYG). The paper analyses the trends in the pension system from 1999 until 2004 from the aspect of PAYG system, based on concrete basic indicators such as the dependency ratio, collection of contributions, the average pension, replacement rates and public pension expenditures as a percentage of the GDP. Based on the analysed indicators, the author concludes that the exceptionally unfavourable trends that threatened to destroy the pension system in Croatia towards the end of 1990s have been stopped. However, a significant improvement is possible only in the case of the economic and social expansion of the Republic of Croatia as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrija Paltašić (b. around 1450, Kotor [Croatia] -- d. around 1500, Venice [Italy]) and Dobrić Dobrićević (Boninus de Boninis, B. Raguseus) (b. 1457, Lastovo [Croatia] -- d. 1528, Treviso [Italy]) are the oldest Croatian typographers who earned their reputation outside Croatia. This paper presents the less familiar segment of their printing activities -- the printing of missals. Missale Romanum (Venice, 1485/1486) is the only known music publication by Paltašić, while Dobrićević printed three music books, two incunabula and one cinquecentina: Missale Ordinis Carmelitanum (Brescia, 1490), Missale Cabilonense (Lyon, 1500) and Missale Bellicence (Lyon, 1503). The true value of Paltašić's and Dobrićević's music publications is discussed within the context of the earliest European music publications, emphasizing their impact on Croatian Renaissance music. The article also offers a list of preserved music incunabula in Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new visual medium, prints appeared almost at the same time as printing industry and started gaining recognition in Croatia in the second half of the 15th century owing to the use of printed materials which provided the local craftsmen, painters and illuminators with the models to be copied. During the Renaissance, prints became fairly commonplace among the Croatian people, largely due to the illustrations found in religious books, especially those written in the Croatian language which were printed either in Venice or in one of the few local printing-houses (Senj, Rijeka, Nedeli{}e, Vara`din). Particularly strong at the time was the impact of the Venetian woodcuts found in a number of publications written in Glagolitic script and less frequently in those written in Cyrillic script or Latin. Judging by the works of Marko Maruli} (who, contrary to a common belief, was not the author of the illustrations published in his epic poem Judita) to those of Dominko Zlatari}, Venetian woodcuts exerted an important influence on the acceptance of prints along the Croatian Adriatic Coast during the 16th century. Prints frequently provided a source of inspiration for the local artists, thus making a significant contribution to the spreading of the Renaissance style within the intellectual context of Humanism. Around the middle of the 16th century, North-European prints became more widely available, primarily due to the publications of Croatian protestants from Urach near Tubingen. After giving an outline of the above-mentioned, largely passive acceptance of prints, the paper concludes with an emphasis on the creative contribution to the European history of printmaking by some "Schiavone" masters who were of Croatian origin but were active outside the boundaries of present-day Croatia. Those artists include Andrija Meduli} (Andrea Meldolla Schiavone), Martin Rota Koluni}, Natale Bonifacio and Juraj Julije Klovi} (Giorgio Giulio Clovio). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of social capital (SC) has gained wide acceptance and usage in social sciences, particularly in sociology, political science and institutional economics. This paper reconsiders the dynamics of social capital in Croatia presented in a previous article (Štulhofer, 2001). Using data from the two cross-national social science research projects (World Values Survey -- Croatia 1995 and South East European Social Survey, 2003), the author analyses changes in generalized trust, trust in institutions, and membership in civic associations during the 1995 -- 2003 period. The findings point to a decrease in SC, which can not be solely attributed to the situational effects of war present in 1995. The strongest predictor of the negative dynamics of SC in Croatia remains the perception of corruption within state institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the research on the reporting about the minorities in Croatian dailies between 2001 and 2003. Besides a review of the existing relevant international and Croatian studies, there is a special focus on the aspects of journalistic selection that vitally influence the readers' ultimate perceptions. The basic findings of the research show that the issues concerning the minorities are predominantly presented as political topics, and reported in journalistic forms with hardly any analytical articles. The representatives of the authorities and the media workers still regard the minority issues as the political ones. The politicians and state officials do this by means of their activities and programs under the pressure of various segments of the public, while journalists do this mainly because of the restrictions of the editorial policies and their paper's profile. At the same time, the representatives of the minorities as a rule do not know how to foist their issues on the media and to focus more on the cultural, social and other aspects of their life, which is vital for their full social integration and their positive public image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine whether the information flows correlate with journal inclusion in the ISI databases. The sample contained 12 Croatian journals covered by Institute for Scientific Information on the basis of Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Science Edition and Social Sciences Edition for the year 2001. Two journal sets were selected to test for correlation: cited journals and citing journals. The sets were compared. Studied were the interrelations, mutual overlaps and citations. Scientific categories were based on JCR. The goal of the paper was to study the main characteristics of the process of Croatian scientific communication on a sample of domestic journals covered by ISI databases and not the evaluation of the process of their selection for the inclusion into ISI database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to obtain reliable data on the use of 26 Croatian scholarly economic journals, available in the open access of the National and University Library for the period 1998- 2000. This research was conducted by evaluating the results of 700 subject searches in the NUL online catalogue. During the five-year period, 1 513 articles were used, of which 535 were used only once, and the other 978 more than a few times (that is --in more than one request for subject search). The importance of subject cataloguing of Croatian journals (Croatian bibliography. Series B, Articles in journals and proceedings) was stressed as users can thus have an easier access to journals' contents which facilitates their research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While the benefits of the cardiovascular rehabilitation (CVR) after the myocardial surgical coronary revascularization are well documented, only a few studies have indicated the benefits of CVR in patients after the aortic valve surgery.1,2The aim of the paper is to show the experience of the only Croatian center of the outpatient CVR in patients after the aortic valve surgery. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data from the medical charts of all patients with operated aortic valve involved in the outpatient CVR program in the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Rehabilitation in Zagreb from 10th January 2012, and who ceased to participate in the program by 6th October 2016. The performance of the CVR program in the Insitute has already been described.3 In addition to the data on a type of intervention and risk factors, we have also analyzed the frequency of the optimally performed anticoagulant therapy4 and changes to the functional capacity at the end of the CVR. The results were presented by groups according to gender by using the descriptive statistics methods. Results: Out of 53 patients involved, 18 (34%) were women and 35 (66%) men. The average duration of CVR was 2.6 months. The main disease is aortic stenosis, which was present in 80% of men and 89% of women. The analysis of the frequency of the interventions performed, risk factors and the success of anticoagulant therapy is shown in Table 1. The mean functional capacity value at the beginning and end of the CVR was 5.9±1.39 and 6.8±1.17 for men and 5.6±0.85 and 6.4±1,12 METs for women. Conclusions: Men are more often involved in the outpatient CVR program following the aortic valve surgery. Aortic stenosis is a dominant disease, where out of risk factors there is hypertension, dyslipidemia and increased body mass index to be emphasized. Patients with implanted bioprosthetic valve were involved more frequently. Anticoagulant therapy was optimal in a half of the subjects. The CVR program after the aortic valve replacement surgery improves the functional capacity. Further studies on a greater number of patients as well as additional education about the importance of anticoagulant therapy are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]