9 results
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2. Pandemija COVID-19 i novo razumijevanje sigurnosti.
- Author
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TATALOVIĆ, SINIŠA and MALNAR, DARIO
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *CRISIS management , *SECURITY systems , *INTERNATIONAL security , *NATIONAL security , *SCIENTIFIC community , *STRATEGIC communication - Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 led to an unprecedented crisis of global proportions that led to the blockade of vital components of social action on a scale that threatened international and national security. The pandemic has demonstrated the potential to evolve and generate a wider range of threats and has opened up essential questions of understanding the security and security organization of states. It is a threat to which, although recognized in most strategic security documents, the response of national and international security systems has not been successfully defined within the still dominant understanding of security based on traditional security studies. It has been shown that security systems are still determined by a traditional concept that does not fully identify the causes of threats and crises and their correlations, which increases uncertainty and negatively affects the normative and institutional capacity needed to respond effectively to crises. The paper is based on the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a security paradigm shift that challenges the scientific community and policy-makers to define new approaches and new methods of researching security phenomena and strategic modelling of security systems and crisis management nationally and globally. The paper will therefore analyse the impact of the crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic on understanding security through an analysis of the threats it has generated and defining the correlation between theoretical knowledge and practical crisis management experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Examining the opportunities and potential of Artificial Intelligence in national security and defence
- Author
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Dražen Smiljanić
- Subjects
artificial intelligence ,national security ,defence ,Russia ,China ,Military Science - Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is recognised as a disruptive technology that rapidly changes a wide range of businesses and industries. It also can transform functions (processes and systems) related to national security and defence. Although it is not primarily being developed in the defence sector, AI is poised to change the character of future conflict by improving the effectiveness, efficiency and speed of defence-related activities. However, while AI has enormous potential to replace or assist human factors in decision-making, it still cannot replace humans in strategic thinking. The paper first reviews the meaning, current developments, and challenges related to AI technology. It then scrutinises the impact of AI on national security and defence in three areas: defence capabilities, decision making and strategic thinking. The article concludes with a prospect on AI in general and in the security and defence domain, expecting its most significant value in support of decision-making.
- Published
- 2023
4. Informacije narušenog integriteta: teorijsko određenje i ugroza nacionalne sigurnosti.
- Author
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Milas, Ante Josip and Dunđer, Ivan
- Subjects
DISINFORMATION ,NATIONAL security ,MISINFORMATION - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Human detection and recognition in harsh conditions using infrared thermal vision
- Author
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Krišto, Mate, Ivašić-Kos, Marina, Ipšić, Ivo, Pobar, Miran, and Ribarić, Slobodan
- Subjects
Object Detector ,Thermal imaging ,Convolutional Neural Networks ,surveillance ,YOLO ,Human detection and recognition ,national security ,surveillance of protected areas and facilities - Abstract
Naslov doktorskog rada je ujedno i najbolji sažetak rada i u jednoj rečenici opisuje ono što se htjelo istražiti te eksperimentalno potvrditi ili odbaciti. Uvodno treba istaknuti da su ciljevi istraživanja uspješno postgnuti te je kroz provedene eksperimente dokazano da je korištenjem termalne kamere kao senzora računalnog vida moguće povećati razine sigurnosti štićenih prostora i područja. Uspješnost se dodatno očituje u kombinaciji s korištenjem detektora objekata temeljenog na konvlolucijskoj neuronskoj mreži zbog čega je moguća detekcija i raspoznavanje osoba u gotovo svim vremenskim uvjetima (vedro, magla, kiša) u noćnim uvjetima na različitim udaljenostima, pri promjeni brzine i načina kretanja, te položaja tijela osoba koje namjerno, ali ilegalno pokušavaju proći kroz nadzirano područje. Pored toga, u radu je pokazano da je moguće uspješno raspoznavanje osoba od drugih pokretnih objekata na slikama, što je u ovom slučaju bio pas. S tim u svezi treba napomenuti da su testirana dva naučena modela. Prvi model za detekciju osoba učen je na slikama na kojima je bila označena samo osoba (Human, Person), a isti je naknadno testiran i na slikama te video zapisima koji su sadržavali i druge pokretne objekte (psa). Također je značajno istaknuti da naučeni model niti u jednom slučaju nije druge objekte iz okoline, kao što su stabla ili lišće detektirao kao osobe. Drugi model je naučen kao model s dvije klase (Human – Non-Human) s ciljem poboljšanja rezultata detekcije i raspoznavanja, a postignuti rezultati su to i potvrdili. Nadalje, kreirani skup slika, prigodno nazvan UNIRI Thermal, odnosno u eksperimentalnoj fazi označen kao UNIRI-TID, iskorišten je i za provjeru mogućnosti detektora temeljenog na neuronskoj mreži u kontekstu raspoznavanja aktivnosti osoba, odnosno da li osoba hoda uspravno, hoda pogureno, trči, hoda četveronoške ili leži na tlu. I u ovom slučaju su postignuti odlični rezultati koji su pokazali da je moguće s velikom pouzdanošću prepoznati o kojem načinu kretanja je riječ. Navedeno u kontekstu nadzora štićenih područja može ukazivati na eventualne neprijateljske ili druge nezakonite namjere osoba koje se kreću u tom području. Osim navedenog, u eksperimentalnoj fazi je pokazano i da je moguće pouzdan model naučiti na realtivnom malom skupu termalnih slika. Također su uspoređeni aktualni vrhunski detektori objekata kao što su Faster RCNN, SSD, Cascade R-CNN i YOLOv3, koji su učeni na skupu termalnih slika ekstrahiranih iz videozapisa koji simuliraju ilegalna kretanja u podružju granica te drugim štićenim područjima. Zaključno, postignuti rezultati daju dobar temelj za daljnja istraživanja potencijalno opasnih situacija za sigurnost ljudi i štićenih područja u kontekstu raspoznavanja i drugih objekata na sceni kao što su civilna i vojna vozila, različite letjelice, padobrani, ali i prepoznavanje lažnih detekcija kao što su prolazi životinja i identifikacije osoba koje su zadužene za nadzor tih područja., Global terrorist threats and illegal migration have intensified concerns for the security of citizens, and every effort is made to exploit all available technological advances to prevent adverse events and protect people and their property. Due to the ability to use at night and in weather conditions where RGB cameras do not perform well, thermal cameras have become an important component of sophisticated video surveillance systems. In this paper, we investigate the task of automatic person detection in thermal images using convolutional neural network models originally intended for detection in RGB images. We compare the performance of the standard state-of-the-art object detectors such as Faster R-CNN, SSD, Cascade R-CNN, and YOLOv3, that were retrained on a dataset of thermal images extracted from videos that simulate illegal movements around the border and in protected areas. Videos are recorded at night in clear weather, rain, and in the fog, at different ranges, and with different movement types. YOLOv3 was significantly faster than other detectors while achieving performance comparable with the best, so it was used in further experiments. We experimented with different training dataset settings in order to determine the minimum number of images needed to achieve good detection results on test datasets. We achieved excellent detection results with respect to average accuracy for all test scenarios although a modest set of thermal images was used for training. We test our trained model on different well known and widely used thermal imaging datasets as well. In addition, we present the results of the recognition of humans and animals in thermal images, which is particularly important in the case of sneaking around objects and illegal border crossings. Also, we present our original thermal dataset used for experimentation that contains surveillance videos recorded at different weather and shooting conditions. In conclusion, the achieved results provide a good basis for further research of potentially dangerous situations with a goal to increase personal security and protected areas in the context of recognition human and other objects on the scene such as civilian and military vehicles, various aircrafts, parachutes, but also determination of false detections such as animal passages, and the identification of security personel in charge of monitoring these areas.
- Published
- 2023
6. NATO and Cyber Defence
- Author
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Milikić, Valentina, Barić, Robert, Tatalović, Siniša, and Jović, Dejan
- Subjects
međunarodni odnosi ,NATO ,security threats ,policy decisions ,kibernetička obrana ,nacionalna sigurnost ,international relations ,sigurnosne prijetnje ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Political Science ,national security ,cyber defence ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Politologija ,političke odluke - Abstract
Razvoj kibernetičke obrane u NATO–u nastaje kao ishod sve većih sigurnosnih prijetnji i potrebe za obranom sigurnosti kritične infrastrukture. Promjene unutar organizacije se mogu promatrati kao svojevrsna refleksija promjena međunarodnih odnosa, tehnološkog napretka, političkih inicijativa i sustavnog provođenja aktivnosti koje poboljšavaju koordinaciju u donošenju odluka. Razvoj kibernetičkih sposobnosti unutar NATO–a smanjuje stupanj uspješnosti nadolazećih kibernetičkih napada na kritične infrastrukture; odnosno povećava uspješnost pronalaska točaka ranjivosti sistema; što dovodi do nadogradnje u dijelovima strukture u kojima je došlo do identifikacije nedostataka. Rad se bavi međusobnim utjecajem sigurnosnih prijetnji i političkih promjena na kibernetički razvoj, stoga istraživačko pitanje glasi: kako su političke odluke donesene zbog nastalih sigurnosnih prijetnji utjecale na razvoj kibernetičke obrane u NATO–u?, The development of cyber defence in NATO is the result of increasing security threats and the need to defend critical infrastructure security. Changes within the organisation can be seen as a reflection of changes in international relations, technological progress, political initiatives and systematic implementation of activities that improve coordination in decision – making. The development of cyber capabilities within NATO reduces the degree of success of upcoming cyber attacks on critical infrastructures; namely, it increases the success rate of finding system vulnerability points; which leads to upgrades in parts of the structure where defects have been identified. This paper addresses the mutual influence of security threats and policy changes on cyber development, therefore the research question is: how have policy decisions made in response to emerging security threats affected NATO's cyber defence development?
- Published
- 2023
7. NATO i kibernetička obrana
- Author
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Milikić, Valentina and Barić, Robert
- Subjects
međunarodni odnosi ,NATO ,security threats ,policy decisions ,kibernetička obrana ,nacionalna sigurnost ,international relations ,sigurnosne prijetnje ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Political Science ,national security ,cyber defence ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Politologija ,političke odluke - Abstract
Razvoj kibernetičke obrane u NATO–u nastaje kao ishod sve većih sigurnosnih prijetnji i potrebe za obranom sigurnosti kritične infrastrukture. Promjene unutar organizacije se mogu promatrati kao svojevrsna refleksija promjena međunarodnih odnosa, tehnološkog napretka, političkih inicijativa i sustavnog provođenja aktivnosti koje poboljšavaju koordinaciju u donošenju odluka. Razvoj kibernetičkih sposobnosti unutar NATO–a smanjuje stupanj uspješnosti nadolazećih kibernetičkih napada na kritične infrastrukture; odnosno povećava uspješnost pronalaska točaka ranjivosti sistema; što dovodi do nadogradnje u dijelovima strukture u kojima je došlo do identifikacije nedostataka. Rad se bavi međusobnim utjecajem sigurnosnih prijetnji i političkih promjena na kibernetički razvoj, stoga istraživačko pitanje glasi: kako su političke odluke donesene zbog nastalih sigurnosnih prijetnji utjecale na razvoj kibernetičke obrane u NATO–u? The development of cyber defence in NATO is the result of increasing security threats and the need to defend critical infrastructure security. Changes within the organisation can be seen as a reflection of changes in international relations, technological progress, political initiatives and systematic implementation of activities that improve coordination in decision – making. The development of cyber capabilities within NATO reduces the degree of success of upcoming cyber attacks on critical infrastructures; namely, it increases the success rate of finding system vulnerability points; which leads to upgrades in parts of the structure where defects have been identified. This paper addresses the mutual influence of security threats and policy changes on cyber development, therefore the research question is: how have policy decisions made in response to emerging security threats affected NATO's cyber defence development?
- Published
- 2023
8. Cyber security of critical infrastructure of the Republic of Croatia using public-private partnerships
- Author
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Barišić, Filip, Mikac, Robert, Kos-Stanišić, Lidija, and Mekovec, Renata
- Subjects
kibernetičke prijetnje ,cyberspace ,cybersecurity ,cyber threat ,information security ,nacionalna sigurnost ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Political Science ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Politologija ,kibernetički prostor ,public-private partnership ,informacijska sigurnost ,critical infrastructure ,kritična infrastruktura ,kibernetička sigurnost ,javno-privatno partnerstvo ,national security - Abstract
Sve učestalije korištenje digitalnih usluga javnih institucija, digitalizacija javne uprave ima za posljedicu izloženost kibernetičkim ugrozama. Istovremeno, zaštita od kibernetičkih ugroza zahtjeva vještine, znanja i iskustvo pomoću kojih se omogućava obrana i sigurnost od navedenih prijetnji. Iako određene javne institucije pružaju uslugu kibernetičke sigurnosti javnim, državnim i akademskim institucijama, definitivno ona nije uvijek dostatna te se pojavljuje potreba za suradnjom s privatnim sektorom koji također nudi određene usluge i proizvode kibernetičke sigurnosti. Praksu suradnje javnog i privatnog sektora u kibernetičkoj sferi treba dobro definirati kako ne bi bilo propusta koji će imati implikacije na nacionalnu sigurnost. U ovom radu su ponuđeni odgovori na tri istraživačka pitanja. Prvo pitanje glasi: Kakvi su trendovi kibernetičkih prijetnji i koje vrste prijetnji su zastupljene na razini EU i RH? Drugo pitanje glasi: Koji su to strateški i normativni akti koji definiraju sustav kibernetičke sigurnosti kritične infrastrukture u RH? I treće pitanje je: Koji su uvjeti potrebni te čime su isti definirani u slučaju sklapanja javno privatnih partnerstava u kibernetičkoj sferi u RH? Prilikom odgovaranja na ova tri istraživačka pitanja, koristi se više metoda istraživanja poput teorije sustava, induktivnom i deduktivnom metodom. Prilikom odgovaranja na treće istraživačko pitanje koristi se i metoda intervjua s pojedinim privatnim tvrtkama koje nude usluge ili proizvode u sferi zaštite kritične infrastrukture od kibernetičkih prijetnji. Na kraju želi se provjeriti početna hipoteza koja govori da javno privatna partnerstva u kibernetičkom prostoru doprinose kvaliteti kibernetičke sigurnosti u RH., Increasingly frequent use of digital services of public institutions, digitalization of public administration results in exposure to cyber threats. At the same time, protection against cyber threats requires skills, knowledge and experience to enable defense and security against these threats. Although certain public institutions provide cybersecurity services to public, state and academic institutions, they are definitely not always sufficient and there is a need to cooperate with the private sector, which also offers certain cybersecurity services and products. The practice of cooperation between the public and private sectors in the cyber sphere should be well defined so that there are no gaps that will have implications for national security. This paper offers answers to three research questions. The first question is: What are the trends of cyber threats and what types of threats are represented at the EU and Croatian levels? The second question is: What are the strategic and normative acts that define the cyber security system of critical infrastructure in the Republic of Croatia? The third question is: What conditions are needed and how are they defined in the case of concluding public-private partnerships in the cyber sphere in the Republic of Croatia? In answering these three research questions, several research methods such as systems theory, inductive and deductive methods are used. When answering the third research question, the method of interviewing individual private companies that offer services or products in the field of protection of critical infrastructure from cyber threats is also used. Finally, we want to test the initial hypothesis that public-private partnerships in cyberspace contribute to the quality of cyber security in the Republic of Croatia.
- Published
- 2022
9. Kibernetička sigurnost kritične infrastrukture Republike Hrvatske korištenjem javno privatnih partnerstava
- Author
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Barišić, Filip and Mikac, Robert
- Subjects
kibernetičke prijetnje ,cyberspace ,cybersecurity ,cyber threat ,information security ,nacionalna sigurnost ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Political Science ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Politologija ,kibernetički prostor ,public-private partnership ,informacijska sigurnost ,critical infrastructure ,kritična infrastruktura ,kibernetička sigurnost ,javno-privatno partnerstvo ,national security - Abstract
Sve učestalije korištenje digitalnih usluga javnih institucija, digitalizacija javne uprave ima za posljedicu izloženost kibernetičkim ugrozama. Istovremeno, zaštita od kibernetičkih ugroza zahtjeva vještine, znanja i iskustvo pomoću kojih se omogućava obrana i sigurnost od navedenih prijetnji. Iako određene javne institucije pružaju uslugu kibernetičke sigurnosti javnim, državnim i akademskim institucijama, definitivno ona nije uvijek dostatna te se pojavljuje potreba za suradnjom s privatnim sektorom koji također nudi određene usluge i proizvode kibernetičke sigurnosti. Praksu suradnje javnog i privatnog sektora u kibernetičkoj sferi treba dobro definirati kako ne bi bilo propusta koji će imati implikacije na nacionalnu sigurnost. U ovom radu su ponuđeni odgovori na tri istraživačka pitanja. Prvo pitanje glasi: Kakvi su trendovi kibernetičkih prijetnji i koje vrste prijetnji su zastupljene na razini EU i RH? Drugo pitanje glasi: Koji su to strateški i normativni akti koji definiraju sustav kibernetičke sigurnosti kritične infrastrukture u RH? I treće pitanje je: Koji su uvjeti potrebni te čime su isti definirani u slučaju sklapanja javno privatnih partnerstava u kibernetičkoj sferi u RH? Prilikom odgovaranja na ova tri istraživačka pitanja, koristi se više metoda istraživanja poput teorije sustava, induktivnom i deduktivnom metodom. Prilikom odgovaranja na treće istraživačko pitanje koristi se i metoda intervjua s pojedinim privatnim tvrtkama koje nude usluge ili proizvode u sferi zaštite kritične infrastrukture od kibernetičkih prijetnji. Na kraju želi se provjeriti početna hipoteza koja govori da javno privatna partnerstva u kibernetičkom prostoru doprinose kvaliteti kibernetičke sigurnosti u RH. Increasingly frequent use of digital services of public institutions, digitalization of public administration results in exposure to cyber threats. At the same time, protection against cyber threats requires skills, knowledge and experience to enable defense and security against these threats. Although certain public institutions provide cybersecurity services to public, state and academic institutions, they are definitely not always sufficient and there is a need to cooperate with the private sector, which also offers certain cybersecurity services and products. The practice of cooperation between the public and private sectors in the cyber sphere should be well defined so that there are no gaps that will have implications for national security. This paper offers answers to three research questions. The first question is: What are the trends of cyber threats and what types of threats are represented at the EU and Croatian levels? The second question is: What are the strategic and normative acts that define the cyber security system of critical infrastructure in the Republic of Croatia? The third question is: What conditions are needed and how are they defined in the case of concluding public-private partnerships in the cyber sphere in the Republic of Croatia? In answering these three research questions, several research methods such as systems theory, inductive and deductive methods are used. When answering the third research question, the method of interviewing individual private companies that offer services or products in the field of protection of critical infrastructure from cyber threats is also used. Finally, we want to test the initial hypothesis that public-private partnerships in cyberspace contribute to the quality of cyber security in the Republic of Croatia.
- Published
- 2022
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