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U ovom će se radu analizirati utjecaj globalizacije i globalizacijskih procesa na oblikovanje kulturnog identiteta, ali i identiteta općenito. Globalizacija je pojam kojega sesvakodnevno koristi u medijima i na političkoj sceni. Čini se jednostavnim za objasniti, ali je zapravo veoma kompleksan i mnogi će se složiti da ne postoji strogo određena definicija globalizacije. Svaka je zemlja u suvremenom svijetu pod ovakvim ili onakvim utjecajima globalizacije i njezinih procesa, a što može predstavljati prijetnju gubitka kulturnog identiteta koji je jedan narod gradio kroz cijelu svoju povijest. U radu će se pokazati kako je globalizacija utjecala na kulturni identitet u cjelini, a isto tako i na hrvatski kulturni identitet. This paper will analyze the impact of globalization and globalization processes on the formation of cultural identity and identity in general. Globalization is a term used on a daily basis in the media and the political scene, at first it is very easy to explain, but it is actually very complex and many will agree that there is no strictly defined definition of globalization. Every country in the modern world is influenced by globalization and its processes and poses a threat to the loss of the cultural identity that one nation has built throughout its history. The paper will analyze how globalization has affected cultural identity in general, and also the Croatian one.

U ovom radu govori se o razvoju procesa globalizacije, samom značenju kao i utjecajima globalizacije na odgoj i obrazovanje, učenje jezika, tehnologiju te cjeloživotno obrazovanje koje mora zaživjeti u ovom novom modernom dobu. Svijet je danas bogatiji nego što je ikad bio, a tehnologija i dalje neprestano napreduje. Nažalost, neke zemlje razvijaju se mnogo brže nego ostale pa su tako razlike u napretku osjetne. Istaknuto je kako globalizacija ima svoje pozitivne i negativne aspekte, ali jedno je sigurno, donosi značajne promjene za cijeli svijet. Koncept ovog završnog rada temelji se problematici odgoja i obrazovanja koje globalizacija potencira na stalne promjene, a koje je također praćeno velikim napretkom informacijsko-komunikacijske tehnologije. Cilj rada je obratiti pozornost na djecu koja rastu u ovom globaliziranom svijetu. Ono je ponekad teško i za odrasle ljude pa tako posebnu pažnju moramo obratiti na potomke, koji trebaju biti spremni odrastati i živjeti u ovom modernom svijetu punom svakodnevnih promjena. This paper discusses the development of the process of globalization, the meaning and the effects of globalization on education, language learning, technology and lifelong learning that must come to life in this new modern age. The world today is richer than it has ever been, and technology is still constantly advancing. Unfortunately, some countries are developing much faster than others, so the differences in progress are noticeable. It was pointed out that globalization has its positive and negative aspects, but one thing is for sure, it brings significant change for the whole world. The concept of this final paper is based on the issue of upbringing and education which globalization emphasizes on constant changes, and which is also accompanied by great advances in information-communication technology. The aim of the paper is to pay attention to children growing up in this globalized world. It is sometimes difficult for adults, so we must pay special attention to the descendants, who should be ready to grow up and live in this modern world full of everyday changes.

Predmet istraživanja ovog rada je utjecaj globalizacije na promjenu identiteta nogometne lige Premiership. U radu je definiran pojam globalizacije te su na temelju dostupne literature opisani odabrani globalizacijski procesi i njihove komponente. Prvi dio rada odnosi se na analizu komponenata na ekonomskom području poput transfera nogometaša, stranog vlasništva i ulaganja te sponzora. Također, rad se bavi utjecajem Brexita na Premiership, odnosno pozitivnim i negativnim posljedicama navedenog procesa. Budući da navijači čine bitan dio identiteta nogometnog kluba, u radu je analizirana struktura navijača te je opisano ispreplitanje lokalnog i globalnog identiteta. Na temelju analize izvora financijskih prihoda, u završnom dijelu rada usporedit će se Premiership s ostalim konkurentnim europskim ligama s ciljem utvrđivanja globaliziranosti lige. The subject of this paper are affects of globalization on identity transformation of Premiership football league. This work defines globalization and singles out globalization processes and their elements, based on available scientific work. First part of this paper contains of economic elements analysis such as transfers, foreign ownership and investment and sponsors. Also, this work's topic are positive and negative affects of Brexit on Premiership. Since football fans have a major role in defining club's identity, their structure is analyzed. Also, interrelation of local and global identity is questioned in this paper. Based on secondary and primary sources combined, finance of Premiership and other major European leagues is analyzed so that level of league's globalization can be derived.

U završnom radu razraditi će se tema globalnih trendova u svjetskoj proizvodnji. Globalni trendovi utječu na svjetsku proizvodnju i potrošnju, te samim time na tržište. Pristupiti će se savjesno i odgovorno pri razradi završnog rada i koristiti će se analize i sinteze primarnih i sekundarnih podataka koji su javno dostupni radi utvrđivanja postojanih globalnih trendova koji ne zastarijevaju i novih koji pokreću tržište i ostavljaju priliku svakome pojedincu da pokaže svoj potencijal i pokrene gospodarstvo svojim doprinosom., In the final paper, the topic of global trends in world production will be elaborated. Global trends are affecting global production and consumption, and therefore the market. It will be approached conscientiously and responsibly in the design of the final paper and will use analyzes and syntheses of primary and secondary data that are publicly available to identify persistent global outdated trends and new ones that are launching the market and leaving an opportunity for each individual to show their potential and drive the economy with his contribution.

Ekonomski rast nije potpuno moderna i suvremena ekonomska pojava, već se on pojavljuje kroz nekoliko stoljeća i on je sinonim za rast svake države te predstavlja sveukupan kvantitativni odraz proizvodnih kapaciteta neke zemlje i rast njezine proizvodnje praćen kroz vrijeme. Predmet istraživanja ovog završnog rada jest utjecaj ekologije na ekonomski rast i razvoj društva, odnosno ispitati kakav je to utjecaj te kako se isti implicira na održivost ekonomskog rasta i razvoja društva. Cilj istraživanja u radu je prikazati pojam, značaj i primjenu ekonomskog rasta, ekologiju i klimatske promjene u kontekstu ekonomskog rasta te utjecaj ekologije na ekonomski rast i razvoj društva. Svrha završnog rada je spoznati važnost utjecaja ekologije na održivost ekonomskog rasta i razvoja društva te ispitati kakvi su njegovi utjecaji na iste. Economic growth is not a completely modern economic phenomenon, but has emerged over several centuries, and it is a synonymous with the growth of each country, which represents the total quantitative removal of production numbers of countries and the growth of its production over time. The subject of the research of this final paper is the influence of ecology on the economic growth and development of society, where it is possible to examine how it will affect the sustainability of economic growth and development of society. The aim of the research in this paper is to present the concept, significance and application of economic growth, ecology and climate change in the context of economic growth and the impact of ecology on economic growth and development of society. The purpose of the final paper was to achieve the importance of the impact of ecology on the sustainability of economic growth and development of society and to examine its impact on them.

Suvremeno globalno okruženje dovodi pitanje ekonomskih nejednakosti i njihovih implikacija u središte mnogobrojnih znanstvenih rasprava i ekonomskih promišljanja o budućem održivom gospodarskom rastu i razvoju. Unatoč općem blagostanju većina stanovništva ne živi u izobilju, već su često ekonomske koristi od gospodarskog napretka izrazito neravnomjerno raspoređene. Iako su se pristupi nejednakosti povijesno mijenjali, ovisno o prevladavajućoj ideologiji i teorijskom okviru, a i danas postoje različita neusuglašena stajališta, većina znanstvenika zagovara pristup da velike nejednakosti u društvu narušavaju ishod opće ravnoteže i ugrožavaju gospodarsku, socijalnu i političku stabilnost, što ostavlja posljedice na gospodarski rast i cjelokupnu kvalitetu života u zajednici. Rastuća i neumjerena ekonomska nejednakost koja se više ne može zanemariti, postaje novi globalni izazov suvremenog doba. Polazeći od značajnosti ove problematike i pretpostavke da u suvremenom društvu 21. stoljeća rastuće ekonomske nejednakosti negativno utječu na gospodarski rast, istraživanje u ovome doktorskom radu usmjereno je na analizu međuovisnosti između ekonomskih nejednakosti u raspodjeli raspoloživog dohotka kućanstva, mjerenih Ginijevim koeficijentom i gospodarskog rasta, mjerenog realnim BDP-om. Nadalje, s obzirom da je ekonomska nejednakost složena pojava i posljedica mnogobrojnih čimbenika, u okviru rada analiziraju se uzročni čimbenici ekonomskih nejednakosti. Empirijsko istraživanje provodi se za razdoblje od 1995. do 2015. godine, na primjerima 28 zemalja Europske unije, koje su grupirane u četiri klastera pomoću klaster analize k-sredina, prema kriteriju sličnosti u pogledu pokazatelja gospodarskog i socijalnog razvoja. Temeljem rezultata provedene ekonometrijske panel regresijske analize i ispitivanja kointegracije putem VECM modela, može se zaključiti da postoji međuovisnost između ekonomskih nejednakosti u raspodjeli dohotka kućanstva i gospodarskog rasta, koja je negativna i dugoročnog karaktera. Istraživanje pokazuje da ekonomske nejednakosti negativno utječu na gospodarska kretanja (realni BDP) i potencijale gospodarskog rasta. Stoga daljnje povećanje nejednakosti treba spriječiti, prvenstveno putem ulaganja u obrazovanje. Nadalje, može se zaključiti da ne postoje jednoznačni uzročni čimbenici ekonomskih nejednakosti, već oni ovise o stupnju gospodarske i socijalne razvijenosti pojedine skupine zemalja. Unatoč tome, u gotovo svim analiziranim klasterima, ističe se utjecaj porasta udjela dohotka kojeg prisvaja 10% najimućnijih u raspodjeli dohotka, tzv. deseti decil, na rast ekonomskih nejednakosti. In our modern global surroundings, the issue of economic inequalities and their implications is the focus of scientific debate and economic contemplation on the future sustainable development and growth. Despite a general wellbeing, the majority of the population lives in poverty and quite often all the benefits of economic growth are extremely unequally distributed. Even though the attitude to inequality has changed throughout history, depending on the prevailing ideology and theoretical framework, and there are still some differing standpoints today, most scientists claim that deep inequalities in society infringe the outcome of general balance and jeopardize the economic, social and political stability, which has consequences on economic growth and the entire quality of life in a community. The growing and excessive economic inequality which cannot be ignored any more, is becoming the new global challenge of the modern age. Starting from the importance of this topic and the assumption that the growing economic inequalities are affecting economic growth in the modern world, the research in this paper is focused on the analysis of the interdependence of economic inequalities in the distribution of the household income and economic growth. Furthermore, considering the fact that economic inequality is the consequence of a multitude of factors from the economic, social, institutional, cultural and many other dimensions of social development, this paper also analyzes the causative factors that exacerbated economic inequalities in the researched countries. The purpose and goals of the research are relative to the cognition on the direction of the trend of interdependence of economic inequalities in the distribution of income and economic growth, and to the identification of important causative factors of economic inequality. The set goals of the research are realized by comparing the economic and social development of the researched countries, through the analysis of statistical data on the level and trend of economic inequalities measured with different indicators and the empirical research conducted in two main parts focusing on the testing and proving of the following stated research hypotheses: H1: There is an interdependence of economic inequalities in the distribution of household income and economic growth. H1a: The increase of economic inequalities has a negative impact on economic growth. III H1b: There is a long-term connection between economic inequalities and economic growth. H2: Globalization and technological advancement are important causal factors of economic inequalities. The empirical research is conducted for the period between 1995 and 2015, on examples of twenty-eight countries of the European Union (EU-28), marked by a conspicuous diversity in terms of economic and social development, standard of living and quality of life, which leaves consequences on the stability and prosperity of the European Union. Considering the strong heterogeneity of development, which makes it impossible to put all the researched countries in the same panel model, for the needs of this research the EU countries were grouped in four clusters (K1, K2, K3 and K4) using a k-means cluster analysis. Grouping was made according to the criterion of similarity regarding the following six indicators of economic and social development: (1) economic success expressed through the height of the realized real GDP per capita, (2) economic dynamics expressed through the real GDP growth rate, (3) the effectiveness of the labour market expressed through the employment rate, (4) economic inequality in the distribution of household income expressed with the Gini coefficient, (5) at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate and (6) material deprivation rate. In keeping with the conducted cluster analysis, the K1 cluster includes the most developed EU countries having an above average economic growth and a below average level of economic inequalities. The K2 cluster is made up of only one country with a high standard of living, Luxembourg, which was put into a separate cluster due to its peculiarities, mainly the height of its GDP per capita. The K3 cluster mainly includes the Mediterranean EU countries which are not the most developed EU countries according to the analysed indicators but rather average with lower results than K1 cluster countries, and on average better than the K4 cluster countries. The K4 cluster includes most Central European and Baltic countries which are on average on the lowest level of economic and social development in the European Union. These are countries that used to have the so-called planned economy, which went through numerous structural changes in the 1990s affecting their growth and development. The K4 cluster includes Croatia which does not have an enviable position in terms of economic and social development indicators. The first part of the empirical study, directed to the analysis of the interdependence of economic inequalities, measured by means of the Gini coefficient of the equivalent available household IV income and economic growth measured by means of the real GDP, tested and confirmed the first research hypothesis. The empirical research conducted in order to prove the first research hypothesis includes four parts of the analysis, namely: (1) individual regression analysis of the researched countries, (2) panel regression analysis of the countries grouped in clusters, (3) panel and cointegration analysis and (4) cointegration analysis of the EU founder countries. Research on individual regressions for EU countries confirmed that it is not possible to reach a general conclusion on the interdependence of economic inequalities and economic growth on the basis a single regression analysis of the researched countries. However, it can be concluded that the lower the level of economic and social development of single countries, the more negative the trend will be in the interrelationship of economic inequalities and economic growth and vice versa. On the basis the said conclusions, further research was done based on panel data for EU countries (EU-28), grouped into clusters K1, K2, K3 and K4. Despite the differences between EU-28 countries, grouped in clusters, empirical research has shown certain similarities in trends of the analyzed economic variables, which can lead to the conclusion that there are certain common features typical in all researched clusters that can serve as grounds for fundamental conclusions. Common to all clusters are the research results showing that economic inequalities have a negative impact on economic growth trends, only the strength of the effect differs among the clusters. It is lowest in K1 cluster countries, that is, the most developed EU countries, while it is the highest in less developed K4 cluster countries. After it was established on the grounds of a panel regression analysis that there is a negative interdependence between economic inequalities and economic growth in almost all obtained research results, further research tried to establish whether the said interdependence has a long-term character, that is, whether there is a long-term connection between the research variables. Using a panel cointegration analysis, on the basis of formulated panel VECM models, it was established that in the research period (1995-2015) in all analysed clusters (K1, K3, K4) there is a long-term connection between economic growth and economic inequalities, but there are differences in the strength of the connection and the speed of adaptability of the variables to a long-term connection. The K4 cluster countries stand out according to the strength of the long-term connection, therefore, in less developed countries there is a stronger long-term interdependence between economic inequalities and economic growth. V Further empirical analysis was done on examples of EU founder countries, with a special dedication in the research of this paper, since these countries are important starters of economic growth and advancement of the European Union and have an important impact on economic and social trends in other parts of Europe. An empirical analysis and an econometric cointegration approach found a long-term interdependence between economic inequalities and economic growth in all EU founder countries, except the Netherlands. It can thus be concluded that even in the oldest EU member states and countries with a high living standard, an excessive level of economic inequality in society can jeopardize economic growth. The results of the empirical analysis show that the first basic research hypothesis and its side hypotheses may be accepted. We can conclude that there is an interdependence between economic inequalities in the household income distribution and economic growth, which is negative and has a long-term character. Research shows that economic inequalities have a negative effect on economic trends (real GDP) and economic growth potentials. For that reason we need to prevent a further increase of inequality in society. Furthermore, at the level of the European Union (EU-28), observing the average of all clusters, we can conclude that in the research period (1995-2015) there is a growing trend of economic inequalities and that the tenth (highest) decile, that is the share of income belonging to the top 10% of people with the highest income, dominates in the distribution of the available equivalent household income and this is one of the causes for the growth of inequality. In the second part of the empirical research in this paper, relative to the analysis of the causal factors of economic inequalities measured with a Gini coefficient, on the basis the panel regression analysis we tested the second basic hypothesis. In the analysis we started from the assumption that globalization and the closely connected technological advancement beginning in the most developed countries of the world and spilling over into all other economies by means of international exchange and the process of globalization, were important factors of economic inequalities. The empirical analysis found that the second basic hypothesis may be accepted only partially. The hypothesis stating that the degree of globalization is an important causal factor of economic inequalities, in the case when it is expressed through the KOF globalization index, was confirmed only in the K4 cluster, that is, among less developed EU countries. In the example of the cluster K1 which includes highly developed countries, we can draw the opposite conclusion, that is, that the increase of the level of globalization expressed with a KOF globalization index, leads to a decrease of economic inequalities. The second assumption that the degree of technological advancement is an important causal factor of economic inequalities VI can be confirmed only partially, in the example of highly developed countries, meaning clusters K1 and K2. Economic inequality is the consequence of numerous factors arising from the economic, social, institutional, cultural and many other dimensions of social development. Based on this research, we can conclude that there are no univocal causal factors of economic inequalities. Factors differ between the analysed clusters and depend on the level of economic and social development of a certain group of countries. The prevailing causal factors in the most developed countries stem from the degree of technological advancement and the implementation of social policy, meaning that a higher degree of technological advancement increases economic inequality while an increase in social contributions decreases it. Less developed countries are defined by causal factors arising from the level of globalization, labour market and fiscal policy, that is, a higher level of globalization, higher unemployment and higher income tax rates will increase economic inequality. In spite of that, in almost all analysed clusters, what stands out is the effect of the increase of the rate of income gained by the 10% of the wealthiest in the income distribution, the so-called tenth decile, on the growth of economic inequalities. Out of all analysed inequality factors (level of globalization, technological advancement, social welfare cost per capita, income tax rate, unemployment rate and real GDP) the effect of the share of income at the top of the income distribution scale is the most prominent. This can lead to the conclusion that the increase of the share of the tenth decile is, in the majority of the EU countries, an important factor in the economic inequalities trend, meaning that the growth of inequalities is largely the consequence of change in the upper part of income distribution. Considering the fact that the statistical image of economic inequalities among EU countries points to growing and rather felt inequalities which, according to the research results, have a negative impact on economic growth, it is necessary to undertake certain measures so as to alleviate inequalities and turn around the trends towards their decrease. There is no simple and fast solution to the problem of growing economic inequalities since this is a complex phenomenon that is the consequence of numerous factors and the environment we live in. However, it is necessary to develop new concepts in order to decrease the inequality in the future. The guidelines for the decrease of inequality are mainly directed towards the policy of public finances and the redistribution of income and increasingly also to investments in education and skills development, which is becoming a key instrument of the policy for a long-term decrease of inequality and the promotion of equal opportunities. VII Modern cognitions point out that the key factor of economic growth is human capital which is becoming the most important source of competitive advantage. Therefore, everybody should be offered the same opportunities for a successful life because everybody’s potential is valuable and contributes to the whole community. It is also pointed out that social cohesion is becoming a new value in the research of the quality of living, also appearing as a concept in the new paradigm of a smart, sustainable and inclusive growth and development of the European Union. However, despite the proclaimed goals of the creation of a common space of solidarity, prosperity and equal rights and opportunities for all citizens, the European Union is still fractured by sharp inequalities in income distribution, quality of life, access to education, employment opportunities and access to healthcare and other social welfare services. It is becoming increasingly clear that without achieving a higher level of economic equality and social justice in society, enabling all individuals in a community to realize their full potential (human resources), it will not be possible to realize the ever more demanding goals of modern economy, exposed to a growingly stronger and more complex international competition. With this in mind, there is ample room at the level of the European Union for further development and the implementation of strategies directed to an inclusive economic growth and development. In today’s global surrounding conditions in which economic inequalities are becoming one of the most important global challenges, there should be no conflict of what used to be opposing goals: the achievement of a higher level of equality in society and economic growth. In the 21st century global economy, economic equality and the efficiency of the economy are not conflicting categories, quite the contrary, we can conclude that sharp and growing economic inequalities result in a poor efficiency of the economy and a slowdown of economic growth. The research results also support this conclusion indicating that growing economic inequalities in income distribution result in a decrease of economic activity, expressed through real GDP, at which this impact is felt most in less developed European countries. It follows that without achieving a higher level of economic equality in society, it shall not be possible to realize a long-term economic growth and competitiveness on the global market. Today we cannot continue speaking of a socio-economic compromise between equality and growth because these two goals should complement each other within a well-planned sustainable economic and social policy.

Globalizacija je sveprisutna u svijetu. Riječ globalizacija je najkorištenija riječ u svijetu, a postaje aktualna krajem 20. stoljeća. Globalizacijski proces ne zahvaća sve zemlje jednakom snagom, ali je svepristuna u svim zemljama svijeta s nejednakim učincima na razvoj pojedinih zemalja. U suvremenim uvijetima globalizacija predstavlja stadiji u kontinuiranom procesu društvenih promjena, a njeni su se procesi počeli upotrebljavati 80 -ih godina prošlog stoljeća. Globalizacija predstvlja novi trend promjena u društvu, gospodarstvu i tehnologiji. Proces globalizacije izaziva pozitivne i negativne učinke. U ovom radu su obraĎene pozitivne i negativne posljedice globalizacije te kako one utječu na Hrvatsku. Republika Hrvatska je relativno mlada zemlja koja je bila zahvaćena ratom, što je dodatno otežavalo da se Hrvatska uhvati u koštac s fenomenom globalizacije. Očitoje kako se globalizacija u Republici Hrvatskoj povećavala kroz godine. Jedan od glavnih ciljeva vanjske politike Republike Hrvatske bio je ulazak u Europsku uniju. U radu je spomenuto istraživanje Švicarske konfederacije koja je provela istraživanje mjereno na razini svijeta gdje se Hrvatska nalazi na 25.mjestu po indeksu globalizacije. Prema tome istraživanju Hrvatska je nabolji rezučtat ostavrila u društvenoj globalizaciji za koju se uzimaju uobzir pokazatelji raširenosti ideja , informacija i sl, a najgori rezultat je ostvarila u političkoj globalizaciji za što se uzimaju u obzir pokazatelji političke uklopljenosti u međunarodnu politiku. Globalization is ubiquitous in the world. The word globalization is the most used word in the world, and it became relevant at the end of the 20th century. The globalization process does not affect all countries with equal force, but it is ubiquitous in all countries of the world with unequal effects on the development of individual countries. In modern conditions, globalization represents a stage in a continuous process of social change, and its processes began to be used in the 80s of the last century. Globalization represents a new trend of change in society, economy and technology. The process of globalization causes positive and negative effects. This paper deals with the positive and negative consequences of globalization and how they affect Croatia. The Republic of Croatia is a relatively young country affected by the war, which made it even more difficult for Croatia to cope with the phenomenon of globalization. It is obvious that globalization in the Republic of Croatia has been increasing over the years. One of the main goals of the foreign policy of the Republic of Croatia was to join the European Union. The paper mentions the research of the Swiss Confederation, which conducted a survey measured at the world level, where Croatia ranks 25th in the globalization index. According to this research, Croatia achieved the best result in social globalization, which takes into account indicators of the spread of ideas, information, etc., and achieved the worst result in political globalization, which takes into account indicators of political integration into international politics.

Globalizacija je utjecala na razne procese. Utjecaji su tako vidljivi i u ruralnom razvoju. Ruralni razvoj drugi je stup Zajedničke poljoprivredne politike. Financiran je sredstvima Europskog poljoprivrednog fonda za ruralni razvoj. Dugoročni je cilj ruralnog razvoja povećanje konkurentnosti poljoprivrede, održivo upravljanje prirodnim resursima i uravnotežen razvoj ruralnih krajeva. S obzirom da je Republika Hrvatska članica Europske unije ima pravo na korištenje sredstava iz fondova. To je prilika koju svakako treba iskoristiti i zajedno sa svim dionicima raditi na ruralnom razvoju i održivosti. Predmet istraživanja ovoga rada odnosi se na analizu utjecaja globalizacije na ruralni razvoj u Republici Hrvatskoj. Cilj je ovoga rada predstaviti osnovne značajke ruralnog razvoja. Pored toga, cilj je ovoga rada analizirati utjecaj globalizacije na ruralni razvoj u Republici Hrvatskoj. Globalization has influenced on various processes. The impacts are also visible in rural development. Rural development is the second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy. It is funded by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development. The long-term goal of rural development is to increase the competitiveness of agriculture, sustainable management of natural resources and the balanced development of rural areas. Given that the Republic of Croatia is a member of the European Union, it has the right to use the funds from the funds. This is an opportunity that should definitely be seized and, together with all stakeholders, work on rural development and sustainability. The subject of this paper is to analyze the impact of globalization on rural development in the Republic of Croatia. The aim of this paper is to present the basic features of rural development. In addition, the aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of globalization on rural development in the Republic of Croatia.

Utjecaj globalizacije na zemlje i njihov gospodarski rast još uvijek nije u potpunosti istražen. Taj utjecaj se ne može definirati kao striktno pozitivni ili striktno negativni. Brojna istraživanja pokazuju da različite zemlje imaju različitu korist od globalizacije. Također, dimenzije i poddimenzije globalizacije se često razlikuju po intenzitetu utjecaja na zemlje ili čak variraju između pozitivnog i negativnog efekta. Dinamičan i promjenjivi karakter globalizacije očituje se i kroz njenu povijest. Zbog svoje specifičnosti poseban interes predstavlja utjecaj globalizacije na zemlje u razvoju, od kojih u ovom radu su analizirani pet takozvanih „BRICS“ zemalja. U ovom radu je utvrđen pozitivan i statistički značajan utjecaj globalizacije na zemlje BRICS-a u razdoblju od 1993. do 2016. godine. Također, u ovom radu utvrđen je i pozitivan utjecaj ekonomske dimenzije globalizacije kao i njenih poddimenzija (trgovinske i financijske) na zemlje BRICS-a. The impact of globalization on countries and their economic growth has not yet been fully explored. This influence cannot be defined as strictly positive or strictly negative. Numerous studies show that different countries receive different benefits from globalization. Also, the dimensions and sub-dimensions of globalization often vary in the intensity of their impact on countries or even vary between positive and negative effects. The dynamic and changing nature of globalization is evident throughout its history. Due to their specificity, the impact of globalization on developing countries is of particular interest. Five of those countries, the so-called "BRICS" countries are analyzed in this paper. This paper finds positive and statistically significant impact of globalization on BRICS countries from 1993 to 2016. Also, positive impact of the economic dimension of globalization as well as its sub-dimensions (trade and financial) on BRICS countries was found in this paper.

Cilj rada bio je definirati najvažnije globalne trendove koji će imati izuzetan utjecaj na oblikovanje turizma u budućnosti te posljedično na poslovanje turističkih agencija kao najvažnijih posrednika izmeĎu prostorno dislocirane turističke ponude i turističke potražnje. Uzimajući u obzir procese globalizacije, socio-demografske promjene kao što je starenje stanovništva, stalan razvoj inovativnih tehnologija, klimatske promjene te rast svijesti o sigurnosti putnika, turistički dionici diljem svijeta kontinuirano prilagoĎavaju ponudu novonastalim uvjetima. U radu je prikazano kako se suvremene turističke agencije korištenjem informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija, odabirom ciljnih tržišta, oblikovanjem turističkih proizvoda i usluga prema specifičnim zahtjevima klijenata te razvojem strategija poslovanja mogu istaknuti od rastuće konkurencije te ostvariti posebno mjesto na turističkom tržištu. The aim of this paper was to define the most important global trends that will have a significant impact on the tourism in the future, and also on the travel agencies as the most important mediator between spatially dislocated tourist supply and tourist demand. Taking into account the processes of globalization, socio-demographic changes such as aging of the population, constant development of innovative technology, climate change and the growth of passenger safety awareness, tourism stakeholders throughout the world continually adjust their offer under new conditions. This paper shows that contemporary tourism agencies should use information-communication technologies, select target markets, design tourism products and services according to specific customer requirements and develop different business strategies so they can highlight the growing competition and gain a special place in the tourism market.

Svrha ovog rada je zorno i objedinjeno prikazati najvažnije karakteristike globalizacije kao katalizatora novih pojava te odlučujuće čimbenike, učinke i značaj posljedično nastalih globalnih lanaca vrijednosti. Provelo se iscrpno istraživanje teorije, ali i prakse globalnih lanaca vrijednosti. Korištena je komparativna analiza dostupne stručne literature na temu problematike kojom se bavi ovaj stručni rad, kao i stručnih i znanstvenih članaka te drugih izvora. Korištenom metodom, istraživanje je polučilo važne rezultate za plenarno razumijevanje globalnih lanaca vrijednosti. Rezultati istraživanja pružaju uvid u modele funkcioniranja, principe upravljanja, specifičnosti te čimbenike uspjeha globalnih lanaca vrijednosti. Nadalje, provedena je komparativna analiza uspinjanja globalnim lancima vrijednosti na primjeru Europe i Kine s ciljem utvrđivanja sličnosti i razlika ključnih za uspjeh dvije velike i razvijene te kulturološki i politički različite zemlje. Navedena je analiza pokazala značajnu razliku u jačanju globalnih lanaca vrijednosti u promatranim zemljama, s naglaskom na nizu oformljenih i provedenih političkih i strateških mjera Europe u odnosu na liberalizaciju tarifa i direktnog stranog ulaganja u Kini. Naposljetku, istražilo se i prikazalo pokazatelje rezultata sudjelovanja Hrvatske u globalnim lancima vrijednosti, kao i strateško okružje koje je doprinijelo postizanju utvrđenih rezultata. Strateško okružje i rezultate u kontektsu globalnih lanaca vrijednosti Hrvatska u najvećoj mjeri duguje Europskoj uniji koja zemljama članicama omogućuje otvorene granice i tržište te pruža brojne strateške poticaje. Globalni lanci vrijednosti i fragmentacija proizvodnje nepobitno pružaju nove mogućnosti i potencijal za rast, razvoj i stvaranje novih radnih mjesta te su samim time ključni za prosperitet i konkurentnost gospodarstva., The aim of this paper is to exemplify the most important characteristics of globalization as a catalyst for new phenomena, as well as determinative factors, effects and signifi cance of consequently developed global value chains. Extensive research of theoretical background and practical aspects of global value chains was undertaken, as well as a comparative analysis of available literature, technical and scientifi c papers and other relevant resources. This methodology yielded very important results for a comprehensive understanding of global value chains. The results provide insight into functioning models, management principles, distinctiveness and success factors of global value chains. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of Europe’s and Cina’s global value chains ascension was made with the aim of establishing similarities and distinctions crucial for the success of two developed countries with signifi cant cultural and political diff erences. The analysis indicated a signifi cant diff erence in fostering global value chains, with an important emphasis on an array of polictical and strategic incentives of Europe, in comparison with tariff and foreign direct investment liberalization of China. Lastly, the results of Croatia’s participation in global value chains were discovered, as well as the strategic framework that contributed to achieving those results. Strategic framework and results in the context of global value chains Croatia mainly owes to European union’s open market and numerous strategic incentives. Global value chains and production fragmentation undeniebly provide new possibilities and potential for growth and development, and are therefore crucial for prosperity and competitiveness of economy

In the world of globalization, a modern tourist, as a traveller with all the information available, dictates and develops the growth and development of tourism supply. Given the lifestyle and growth of the tourist segment whose motive of arrival is gastronomy, the ever increasing role of attracting tourists to the destination has its gastronomic supply. Croatia as a rich country with indigenous food should definitely use it as an advantage to segment and attract new tourists looking for quality food and authentic tourism experience. The main aim of this paper is to show specific factors that have or will have a certain contribution to the development of gastronomic tourism in the Republic of Croatia. Another purpose of the paper is to present a list of current trends that contribute to the development of gastro-tourism in the world.

This paper explores the relationship between globalization and the decline in union density, as well as analysing the relation between these two variables conditioned on labour market flexibility. The argument is that globalization affected the decline in union density and that the effects of this mechanism might vary due to labour market flexibility. Labour market flexibility that includes increased uncertainty of job positions and more flexible employment contracts made it harder for labour to organize successfully. By applying OLS regression I came up with the results that globalization negatively affects union density, but this relationship is mitigated by the lower level of labour market flexibility. The structure of the paper proceeds as follows: in the first part I revise existing literature and offer a theoretical framework. The next part relates to methodology and empirical approach. The last part consists of a discussion, limitations and concluding remarks.

Fokus ovoga rada bila je disneyfikacija u 21. stoljeću, s posebnim naglaskom na njene implikacije u turističkom sektoru. Radom se željelo dati pregled ovoga fenomena i njegovog utjecaja na poslovanje turističkih objekata i ponašanje subjekata u turizmu. Istraživanje je provedeno temeljem proučavanja stručne literature koja je referentna za danu temu. Opisane su sile koje su dovele do pojave fenomena i utjecale na njegovo širenje, definiran je pojam disneyfikacije i njen obuhvat u smislu sfera modernoga života koje obuhvaća i proučavane su četiri dimenzije disneyfikacije po kojima se ona razlikuje od ostalih fenomena 21. stoljeća. Također, izdvojeni su hoteli, restorani i kruzeri kao posebno reprezentativni primjeri ovoga fenomena u turizmu te je dan pregled posljedica koje disneyfikacija ima na društvo i okoliš. Naposljetku, proučavan je međuodnos disneyfikacije i mcdonaldizacije, koje često uzajamno djeluju, posebice u turizmu. Može se zaključiti da disneyfikacija ima značajan utjecaj u turizmu 21. stoljeća, poglavito kroz stvaranje stažiranih destinacija ili transformiranje postojećih kako bi bile primjerenije postmodernim turistima. Važan utjecaj ima i u poticanju konzumerizma i potrošačke kulture, što je najuočljivije iz dimenzija hibridne potrošnje te promocija i prodaje dobara i usluga. Ovaj fenomen izaziva različite negativne posljedice za sociokulturni i prirodni okoliš te pomak u sustavu vrijednosti, u kojem jača snaga kupovne moći pojedinca, odnosno kupljenih proizvoda i konzumiranih usluga. The main focus of this paper was disneyfication in the 21st century, with a special emphasis on its implications in the tourism sector. The paper was intended to give an overview of this phenomenon and its impact on the work of tourist facilities and the behaviour of subjects in tourism. The research was conducted based on the study of professional literature that is referential to the given topic. The forces that led to the emergence of the phenomenon and that influented its expansion were described, the notion of disneyfication and its scope in terms of the areas of modern life it encompasses were defined and four dimensions of disneyfication in which it differs from other phenomena od the 21st century were studied. Also, hotels, restaurants and cruise ships were distinguished as particulary representative examples of this phenomenon in tourism and and an overview of the consequences that disneyfication has on society and the environment was given. Finally, the relationship between disneyfication and McDonaldization, which often interact and especially in tourism, was studied. It can be concluded that disneyfication has a significant impact on tourism in the 21st century, especially through the creation of staged destinations or the transformation of existing ones to be more appropriate for postmodern tourists. It also has an important influence in the promotion of consumerism and consumer culture, which is most noticeable from the dimensions of hybrid consumption and the promotion and sale of goods and services. This phenomenon causes various negative consequences for the socio-cultural and natural environment and a shift in the value system, in which the purchasing power of an individual or the quantity of the purchased products and consumed services gains on importance.

Globalni trendovi dovode do razvoja brojnih područja, a samim time i razvoja turističke djelatnosti čija se ponuda i potražnja mijenja iz godine u godinu.Suvremena turistička potražnja je pod izravnim utjecajem svih onih promjena što se danas odvijaju na turističkom tržištu .Svakim se danom sve više zemalja uključuje u integracijske procese otvarajući se međunarodnom tržištu tj. širenju svoje turističke ponude . Proces globalizacije postaje nužnost u suvremenom gospodarskom razvoju.Cilj rada je , uz pružanje teorijskog uvida u povijesni razvoj turizma i obilježlja suvremenog turizma , na temelju dostupnih statističkih podataka analizirati turističke pokazatelje prema turističkim regijama kako bi se uočili trendovi i izvršila komparativna analiza među turističkim regijama.Osim toga analizirat ce se promjene svjetske turističke ponude i potražnje, pri čemu će se utvrditi aktivnost turističke ponude poradi davanja odgovora na sve složenije i raznovrsnije zahtjeve turističke potražnje u globalizacijskom okruženju. Global trends are leading to the development of many areas, and therefore development of tourism industry whose offer and demand are changing year after year. Modern tourist demand is under the direct influence of all those changes that are nowadays taking place in tourist market. Each day more and more countries involve in integration processes by opening up to the international market, i.e. expanding their tourist offers. The process of globlization is becoming a requirement in modern economic development. The aim of this study paper along with providing the theoretical insight in historical development of tourism and characteristics of modern touirism, is to analyze tourism indicators according to tourism regions based on available statistical data in order to observe trends and execute comparative analysis among tourist regions. Moreover, paper also researches the changes of the world tourism demand and supply and activities of the tourism supply in order to give the adequate answer on complex and diverse requests of tourism demand in globalization surrounding.

U prvom dijelu rada istaknuta je važnost procesa informacionalizacije i globalizacije koji prema Manuelu Castellsu igraju ključnu ulogu u formiranju novog vala društvenih pokreta. Središnji dio rada čini analiza katalonskog pokreta za nezavisnost, a kratko su istaknute povijesne okolonosti u kojima se formirala katalonska nacija kako bi se jasnije shvatila uloga jezika i kulture koji čine bitan dio katalonskog identiteta. Nadalje, rad je fokusiran na analizu katalonskog pokreta za nezavisnost kroz djelovanje tri civilina udruženja čija se aktivnost pojačala nakon neuspjelog referenduma koji je održan 1. listopada 2017. godine. Glavnu komunikaciju ove organizacije vrše preko svojih internetskih stranica i više profila na društvenim mrežama. Online komunikacija omogućila je brži protok informacija i na taj način su uspjeli realizirati masovne demonstracije diljem katalonskog teritorija. Njihove online stranice jasno su organizirane ne samo s ciljem javnih prosvjeda nego pozivaju na razne glazbene i književne manifestacije kako bi u najboljem svijetlu prikazali jačinu koju posjeduje katalonski jezik i kultura. Tekstovi na internetu zagovaraju potpunu samostalnost Katalonije, a najviše su usmjereni protiv postupaka španjolske vlade koja im je zabranila održavanje referenduma za nezavisnost. No, cilj je kroz mirne demonstracije i kulturnu propagadnu pokazati veličinu katalonske države. Nadaju se da će njihovo javno djelovanje dovesti do konačnog riješenja diplomatskih odnosa sa Španjolskom koji će omogućiti stvaranje samostalne katalonske države. The first part of this paper emphasizes the importance of the processes of informatization and globalization that according to Manel Castells play a key role in the creation of a new wave of social movements. The central part of the paper is an analysis of the Catalan movement for independence, where the historical background, in which the Catalonian nation was formed, is briefly highlighted to understand the role of language and culture, that make up an important part of the Catalan identity, more clearly. Furthermore, the paper is focused on the analysis of the Catalan independence movement through the activity of three civil societies. Their activity was further amplified after the failed referendum on October 1, 2017. The main communication of these organizations is being carried out through their online websites and multiple profiles on social networks. Online communication enabled a more rapid flow of information and thus they managed to carry out mass demonstrations throughout the Catalan territory. Their online sites are clearly organized not only for public protests but also for the invitation to various music and literary manifestations to showcase the strength of the Catalan language and culture in the best light. Texts on online sites advocate the complete autonomy of Catalonia and are mostly directed against the actions of the Spanish government, which forbade them to hold of a referendum on independence. Their goal is to show the magnitude of the Catalan Republic through peaceful demonstrations and cultural propaganda. They hope that their public action will lead to the final settlement of the diplomatic relations with Spain, which will enable the creation of the independent Republic Catalan.

U radu je prikazana tema globalizacije u suvremenom društvu. Sam pojam globalizacije, kako je nastala, tj. njene epohe kroz povijest. Prikaz usporedbe modernizacije s globalizacijom, kako je ona upravo utjecala, i utječe, kroz Hrvatsku i njen kulturni i nacionalni identitet. Također, u radu je provedena uzročno-posljedična veza s gospodarstvom i kako ista oblikuje današnju ekonomiju svijeta. Uvodni dio rada rezerviran je za aspekte i utjecaje globalizacije. Zatim kako ona djeluje na kulturu i identitet te na kraju negativne strane globalizacije i pojave koje se pojavljuju. Cilj ovoga rada je proširit spoznaje o globalizaciji. In this paper is presented the topic of globalization in modern society. In a term of globalization, how it developed, also its epochs trough history. It shows compariosn of modernisation with globalization, how it affected and affect, through Croatia and her cultural and national identity. Also, in this paper is conducted causative and consequence relation with economy and how the same shape today economy of the world. The introductory part of the work is resereved for aspects and impacts of globalization. Then it acts on culture and identity and ultimately the negative side of globalization and occurrences that appear. The aim of this paper is to expand the knowledge about globalization.

Rad pokušava odrediti koliko i na koji način Hollywood kao filmska industrija utječe na stvaranje i mijenjanje identiteta pojedinaca, skupina ljudi i kultura u Americi i svijetu. Od samih začetaka Hollywooda, rad prati razvoj sustava zvijezda, odnosa prema određenim aspektima identiteta kao što su rasa, etnička pripadnost, seksualnost i rodna ravnopravnost. Hollywoodsku filmsku industriju pokušava se odrediti i kroz pojmove multikulturalnosti, transkulturalnosti, kulturnog imperijalizma i globalizacije. The paper tries to determine how much and in what way Hollywood as a film industry influences the creation and alteration of the identity of individuals, groups of people and cultures in America and the world. Since the very beginnings of Hollywood, the paper follows its development of the star system, relations with certain aspects of identity such as race, ethnicity, sexuality, and gender equality. The paper will also try to determine the Hollywood film industry in concepts of multiculturalism, transculturalism, cultural imperialism and globalization.

U radu je opisan koncept upravljanja znanjem koji se temelji na nekoliko čimbenika među kojima su informacijsko-komunikacijska tehnologija i globalizacija.Osim samog koncepta i definicije upravljanja znanjem navedeni je pojam društvo znanja kao prethodnica samog pojma upravljanja znanjem i način kako djeluje. Nadalje , dolazi se do same organizacije znanja koja se temelji na pristupu znanju kao resurs koji je oskudan i značajan i koji je struktuiran na principu povezanosti instrumenata i procesa za uspješno upravljanje znanjemu organizaciji.I na samom kraju rada prikazan je primjer istraživanja kroz praksu upravljanja znanjem u hrvatskim poduzećima. The concept of knowledge management, which is based on several factors, including information and communication technology and globalization, is described in the paper. Apart from the very concept and definition of knowledge management, the notion of knowledge society is mentioned as a precondition of the concept of knowledge management and its mode of action. Furthermore, knowledge-based organizations are based on access to knowledge as a resource that is scarce and significant and structured on the principle of linking instruments and processes to successful knowledge management organization. And at the very end of the paper is an example of a research through the practical application of knowledge in Croatian companies.

Evanđeosko načelo siromaštva ima nezaobilaznu ulogu s obzirom na život i poslanje Crkve u suvremenom svijetu. Kako bi vjerodostojno svjedočila Isusovu poruku o čovjekoljubivome, milosrdnom i pravednom Bogu, ona je pozvana prakticirati duh siromaštva i biti Crkva siromašnih i obespravljenih. U prvom dijelu rada želimo produbiti biblijsku i kristološku dimenziju shvaćanja siromaštva. Stoga analiziramo evanđeosko siromaštvo iz perspektive Isusova navještaja kraljevstva Božjega i prakse prve Crkve. U drugome dijelu, u svjetlu koncilske vizije Crkve i katoličkoga socijalnog nauka, nastojimo istaknuti strukturalni značaj ‘opcije za siromašne’ u poslanju Crkve. Solidarnost sa siromasima i socijalno ugroženima, sa svima onima koji su na bilo koji način obespravljeni u doba globalizacije i neoliberalnog kapitalizma, društvena je i duhovna vrijednost temeljnih postavki kršćanskog svjedočenja u ovom svijetu., The first part of the paper clarifies the biblical and Christological dimension of the concept of poverty. Thus, the evangelical poverty is analysed in the context of Jesus ’ proclamation of the kingdom of God, and the practice of the first Church. The second part of the paper highlights the structural significance of ‘option for the poor’, in the mission of the Church, in the light of the Council ’s vision of the Church, and the Catholic social teaching. The basic form of Christian witnessing in this world can be expressed through the Church ’s solidarity with the poor, socially vulnerable, and with all those who are in any way disempowered in the age of globalization and neoliberal capitalism.

Globalizacija podrazumijeva ekonomiju koju karakterizira brzi razvoj međunarodne trgovine tj. otvaranje granica i nesmetanu razmjenu roba, ekspanziju stranog kapitala, rastući značaj trgovine usluga te direktnog stranog ulaganja, ukidanje carinskih barijera. Globalizacija je proces gospodarskog, političkog, socijalnog i kulturnog djelovanja na nadnacionalnom nivou, a ujedno je i proces koji na globalnoj razini mijenja ustaljene političke, gospodarske, socijalne i kulturne odnose. Problem globalizacije je što slabije razvijene zemlje dolaze u sve lošiji ekonomski položaj počevši od nerazvijenosti, nezaposlenosti pa preko siromaštva do političke nestabilnosti i kraha. U ovom radu objašnjena je organizacija poslovanja na temelju poduzeća Evolva d.o.o. Objašnjena je i sama organizacijska struktura, i odjeli koji sudjeluju u stvaranju završnog proizvoda ili usluga. Kako bi poduzeće uspješno poslovalo, temelj za to im omogućava dobro postavljena organizacijska struktura. Poduzeća se danas nalaze u vrlo promjenjivoj i dinamičnoj okolini, stoga je jako bitno da poduzeća raspolažu kvalificiranim i stručnim zaposlenicima, odnosno menadžerima. Svakodnevni razvoj globalizacije utječe na: čovječanstvo i globalnu ekonomiju, na način poslovanja organizacije i standardizaciju poslovnih procesa, utjecajem na poslovanje u uvjetima globalizacije, te razvoj organizacije u poduzeću. Organizacije, da bi opstale, moraju biti konkurentne na svjetskom tržištu. Na temelju svega navedenog u ovom radu mogu se donijeti preporuke poduzećima koje žele ući na globalno tržište kao poduzeće Evolva d.o.o. Globalization implies the economy characterized by rapid development of international trade, ie. The opening of borders and the smooth exchange of goods, expansion of foreign capital, the growing importance of services trade and foreign direct investment, the abolition of customs barriers. Globalization is a process of economic, political, social and cultural activities at the supranational level, and is a process that globally changing the established political, economic, social and cultural relations. The problem of globalization is that the less developed countries come to the worsening economic situation starting from underdevelopment, unemployment over poverty to political instability and collapse. This paper explains the business organization based company Evolva d.o.o. Ltd. explains the organizational structure itself, and departments that participate in the creation of the final product or service. To successfully operating company, the basis for it allows them to set a good organizational structure. Companies are now in a very vibrant and dynamic environment, so it is very important that companies have qualified and professional employees, and managers. Daily development of globalization affects: humanity and the global economy, the way business organizations and standardization of business processes, the impact on business in the conditions of globalization and development organization in the company. Organizations, in order to survive, must be competitive on the world market. Based on the above, this paper can make recommendations to companies that want to enter the global market as a company Evolva d.o.o.