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The article analyses the development of political laicization, as an aspect of the process of secularization understood in the institutional form of autonomy and distance between Church and Politics. Political laicization is analysed with regard to the stages of its historical development: as the initial authoritarian and anti-clerical laicization, as a secondary laicization of open pluralism and as a »fluid«, because it largely deviates from rigid and anticlerical opposition to dominant churches in the forms of public-legal institutionalization of separation of religious communities and the state, and from anticlerical patterns of political and public activity. The article relies heavily on the research of Marcel Gauchet, Jean Baubérot, Micheline Millot, Martin Rohnheimer, Jean Picq, Neil MacCormick, Michel Foucault and others, and it seeks to explore how much the change and transformation of the role of identities has contributed to the changed role of political and public action, described as an era of acceptance of identities, and which has its repercussions on the formats of political laicization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]