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Medicinski otpad je otpad koji nastaje prilikom pružanja njege, zaštite i očuvanja zdravlja ljudi te prilikom pružanja različitih usluga tijekom kojih se dolazi u dodir s krvlju i izlučevinama ljudi. Postupci pravilnog prikupljanja i zbrinjavanja otpada pa tako i medicinskog važan su segment u očuvanju javnog zdravlja jer se tim postupcima sprječava izravno ili neizravno prenošenje zaraze. Razvojem sustava za gospodarenje otpadom razvija se i sustav za gospodarenje s medicinskim otpadom i to od mjesta nastanka do konačne dispozicije. Gospodarenje medicinskim otpadom podrazumijeva sakupljanje i prijevoz te postupke obrade i zbrinjavanja medicinskog otpada. Uslijed pandemije COVID-19 došlo je do znatnog porasta količine medicinskog i farmaceutskog otpada te je tijekom 2020. nastalo četiri puta više medicinskog otpada u odnosu na 2019. Prema podatcima iz Registra onečišćavanja okoliša (baza ROO) najveći dio, 96 % od prijavljenih količina medicinskog otpada, odnosio se na k.b. 18 01 03* – otpad čije je sakupljanje i odlaganje podvrgnuto specijalnim zahtjevima radi prevencije infekcije. Cilj rada je ukazati na razlike u količini medicinskog i farmaceutskog otpada u razdoblju prije i tijekom pandemije COVID-19 u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji te na postupke zbrinjavanja medicinskog odnosno farmaceutskog otpada.

The study investigated, amongst other variables, the relationship between renewable energy, its role in expanding access to electricity, and economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1960–2023. The ordinary least squares (OLS) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models were used to estimate the short- and long run dynamics of the relationship. The study shows that the overall model is statistically significant, meaning that the independent variables, taken together, significantly predict the dependent variable (GDP growth rates). The findings underline the intricate dynamics between renewable energy, electricity access, and economic growth in Nigeria. While the positive coefficient for renewable energy suggests that increasing renewable electricity generation could theoretically enhance GDP growth, the lack of statistical significance implies that this impact is not immediate. Finally, based on these findings, the study recommends that policymakers should continue to prioritize investments in renewable energy infrastructure. Efforts should be made to enhance the reliability and quality of the electricity supply. A more robust and cohesive policy framework is needed to support renewable energy and electricity development and integration.

Obravnavamo slovenske količinske zgradbe z ločilnim števnikom dvoj(e) in samostalnikom. Predstavljene in pokomentirane so dosedanje obravnave tega števnika v še aktualnih slovenskih slovnicah, v slovarju slovenskega knjižnega jezika in slovenskem pravopisu. Analizirana je raba zgradb z dvoj(e) s samostalnikom v besedilnem korpusu Gigafida 2.0, predstavljena in pokomentirana je družljivost števnika dvoje z različnimi tipi samostalnikov.

Hemodijaliza (HD) je najčešća metoda nadomještanja bubrežne funkcije u svijetu. Tunelirani dijalizni kateteri (TDK) predstavljaju jednu od najčešće korištenih mogućnosti u osiguravanju žilnog pristupa za HD. Cilj retrospektivnog istraživanja bio je prikazati desetogodišnje iskustvo u postavljanju dijaliznih katetera u našem središtu. U razdoblju od 2012. do 2021. godine postavljeno je 1.660 dijaliznih katetera, od kojih su 80% bili TDK. Najčešće mjesto pristupa bila je desna unutarnja jugularna vena, potom lijeva unutarnja jugularna vena, femoralne vene te subklavijske vene. Svim bolesnicima dijalizni kateter je uspješno postavljen, a u postupcima je sudjelovalo dvanaest liječnika Zavoda za nefrologiju, od čega je sedam liječnika postavilo 89% svih katetera, a četvero liječnika ima više od 300 postavljenih dijaliznih katetera po osobi. Zaključno možemo reći da organizirani programi postavljanja katetera osiguravaju velik broj bolesnika i iskustvo operaterima za učinkovito postizanje žilnog pristupa i najsloženijim bolesnicima.

Tranzicija Božića od vjerskog blagdana slavljenja Kristova rođenja do »festivala potrošnje« obilježje je suvremenog potrošačkog društva. Sociokulturne promjene u Hrvatskoj nakon raspada socijalizma podrazumijevale su desekularizaciju i slobodu vjere ali i brzu preobrazbu u potrošačko društvo otvoreno procesima sveopće komercijalizacije i konzumerizma. Od tih procesa nije izuzeto ni obilježavanje vjerskih blagdana, što je osobito obilježje Božića. Imajući u vidu slavljenje Božića u suvremenom društvu cilj ovog rada je analizirati potrošački karakter vjerskih blagdana u kontekstu konzumerizma. Prvi dio rada posvećen je teološkom pogledu na Božić, odnosno odgovorit će se na pitanje što je Božić u sebi kao, za kršćane, jedan od najvažnijih i najvećih blagdana, s naglaskom na simbolizam božićne noći iz kojega su se razvili brojni vjerski običaji. U drugom dijelu rada, iz sociološke perspektive, odgovaramo na pitanje o porijeklu suvremenih manifestacija obilježavanja Božića. Konzumerističke i komodifikacijske prakse interpretiramo kao ishode socijalnih i ekonomskih promjena posljednjih desetljeća i nastanka društva masovne potrošnje te prezentiramo mehanizme trgovačke manipulacije u kontekstu božićne kupovine. U zaključku se Božić promatra u kontekstu društvene funkcije poticanja solidarnosti i održavanja socijalnih veza.

Cilj: Kalcijneurinski inhibitori (CNI) temelj su liječenja membranske nefropatije (MN). Nefrotoksičnost CNI-ja neželjeni je učinak koji ograničava njihovu primjenu. Željeli smo istražiti dugoročne ishode i bubrežnu funkciju u bolesnika liječenih CNI-jem samostalno ili u kombinaciji s rituksimabom, u usporedbi s drugim protokolima liječenja. Ispitanici i metode: U retrospektivno kohortno istraživanje uključeni su svi bolesnici s MN-om liječeni u KB Merkur koji su imali barem jednu godinu praćenja. Usporedili smo one liječene s CNI-jem najmanje dva mjeseca s bolesnicima liječenima samo ciklofosfamidom ili rituksimabom bez CNI-ja. Rezultati: Ukupno je bilo 27 bolesnika, 78,8% muškaraca, medijana dobi 54 godine (IQR 43,5 – 59,5). Njih 75,8% imali su nefrotski sindrom. Medijan vremena praćenja bio je 75 mjeseci (IQR 20,5 – 121,5). U CNI skupini bilo je 19 bolesnika, medijana dobi 48 godina (IQR 39 – 55,5), 71,4% muškaraca. U skupini koja nije liječena CNI-jem bilo je 8 bolesnika, medijana dobi 60 godina (IQR 57 – 66), 75% muškaraca. Nije bilo značajne razlike u postotku pozitivnih na protutijela na receptor za fosfolipazu A2 između skupina, 76,5% naspram 50%, P=0,359. Nije nađena značajna razlika u promjeni procijenjene stope glomerulske filtracije (eGFR) nakon jedne godine, P=0,186. Nije bilo značajne razlike u proteinuriji nakon jedne godine. U skupini CNI 89,5% je bilo u kompletnoj remisiji na kraju prve godine prema 87,5% u skupini bez CNI, P=0,663. Prosječni eGFR na posljednjoj kontroli bio je 74,1±22,8 ml/ min/1,73 m2 u skupini CNI, a 72,3±18,1 ml/min/1,73 m2 u skupini bez CNI (P=0,84) i do tada niti jedan bolesnik u obje skupine nije razvio završni stupanj bubrežne bolesti. Zaključak: CNI predstavljaju sigurnu i učinkovitu terapiju MN-a, sami ili u kombinaciji s drugim lijekovima. Potrebna su istraživanja s većim brojem ispitanika kako bi se potvrdili naši rezultati.

Uvod: IgA-nefropatija (IgAN) ima varijabilnu prezentaciju i prognozu. Međunarodni alat za predviđanje rizika u IgAN-u (IgAN-PT, od engl. International IgA Nephropathy Prediction Tool) predviđa napredovanje bubrežne bolesti do završnog stupnja ili smanjenje procijenjene glomerulske filtracije (eGFR) za 50%. Preporučuje se optimalna suportivna terapija najmanje tri mjeseca, praćena šestomjesečnom primjenom glukokortikoida samo u bolesnika s velikim rizikom napredovanja. Cilj: Istražiti koji su bolesnici imali veću vjerojatnost primiti imunosupresivnu terapiju (IS) te ishode liječenih IS-om. Ispitanici i metode: Retrospektivno kohortno istraživanje 48 bolesnika (33 muškarca), medijana dobi 50 godina (interkvartilni raspon, IQR, od engl. interquartile range 35 – 59), medijana praćenja 43 mjeseca (IQR 18 – 54), liječenih u Kliničkoj bolnici Merkur s novodijagnosticiranim idiopatskim IgAN-om u razdoblju od 2012. do 2021. godine. Rezultati: Imunosupresiju je primilo 17 bolesnika i oni su češće imali mezangijsku (M) (82% prema 54%, p=0,05), endokapilarnu hipercelularnost (E) (65% prema 21%, p=0,004) i polumjesece (C) (41% prema 14%, p=0,04). U odnosu na one bez IS-a nije bilo značajne razlike u eGFR-u kod biopsije (52 (IQR 38 – 81) prema 46 (IQR 30 – 72) ml/min/1,73 m2, p

This paper presents the influence of complex engineering geological and geotechnical ground conditions on the selection of combined measures for the rehabilitation of landslide on the main road M5. Field and laboratory investigations were conducted to determine the engineering geological and geotechnical conditions of the site. The road is situated on a relatively high embankment within the landslide area, under which a culvert channels a natural stream. The geological substrate is found quite deep, 7 to 8 meters below the surface. Beneath the road, there is a mixture of fill materials of different qualities, indicating that a railway used to run along this route in the past. The slope below the road is relatively steep, approximately 10 meters in height, with a poorly maintained stone wall at its base. The fundamental concept of the proposed solution involves the construction of a support structure comprising piles, a head beam, and a reinforced concrete wall. The designed rehabilitation measures ensure the stability and functionality of the roadway.

U radu je prikazana suvremena poljoprivredna tehnika u zaštiti bilja kroz pojašnjen pristup rada automatske kontrole rada prskalice. Prikazani su moderni sustavi za nivelaciju armature upotrebom senzora i ukazana važnost korištenja GIS navođenja kao glavne smjernice precizne poljoprivrede. U radu su dani konkretni primjeri prskalica na kojima su postavljeni automatski sustavi poput Amatron 3, Arag sustav, BoomTrac Pro gdje su ukazane sve prednosti navedenih. Korištenjem suvremene tehnike i dodatne digitalne opreme omogućena je kvalitetna aplikacija zaštitnih sredstava uz višestruke uštede.

In the territory of Herzegovina there is a large number of masonry buildings, the age of which exceeds 50 years. These are mostly smaller buildings, with one to two floors, while the load-bearing walls are mainly made of cut stone in lime mortar. Larger buildings with load-bearing walls made of bricks and concrete blocks in cement-lime mortar appeared a little later. The floor structures mainly consist of timber oak beams, supported by load-bearing walls, with boarding on the upper side and plaster, on reed netting, on the lower side. Such structures are exceptionally sensitive to seismic action, and almost certainly could not withstand the design seismic load without significant damage and collapse. A nonlinear static analysis of the structure of one such building was performed in this paper. A check of the existing condition was performed in the first analysis, and a check of the partially strengthened structure in the second. It is evident from the analysis that such strengthening significantly improves the bearing capacity, while the increase in deformability (ductility) is significantly smaller due to the very high stiffness of such structures.

In contrast to classical teaching, innovative teaching about nature and society is based on innovative teaching systems and innovative didactic-methodical systems by which teaching is planned, implemented, and evaluated in reverse design. The goal of this conducted research is to identify teachers' assessments of their familiarity with innovative teaching systems and of their participation in the nature and society lessons that they implement. The research was based on the assumptions that teachers estimate that innovative teaching systems are important for the effective implementation of teaching content in teaching about nature and society, but that they use them insufficiently in teaching about nature and society for various reasons: it takes a lot of time to prepare the lesson, insufficient professional training, lack of material resources, children's lack of interest in work, etc. To determine this, in the first half of the 2022/2023 school year, on a sample of 109 teachers employed in primary schools in the area of Zlatibor district (Serbia), the research presented in this paper was conducted. Data collected by Scaler – IEC-CNS and processed with descriptive statistics showed that teachers estimate that they are insufficiently familiar with innovative teaching systems and that they apply them insufficiently in teaching about nature and society. It was also determined that the most common reasons for the insufficient application of innovative teaching systems in teaching about nature and society are lack of time, insufficient professional training, lack of material resources, and insufficient training of teachers. Based on the obtained results, research conclusions and pedagogical implications are given. It is necessary to train teachers for familiarization with innovative teaching systems and planning, implementation, and evaluation of innovative teaching according to innovative didactic-methodical teaching systems in reverse design by attending training programs and acquiring knowledge through independent self-education.

Glavni proizvod anaerobne digestije je bioplin, koji je obnovljivo gorivo, a sporedni proizvod ovog procesa je digestat, koji se koristi kao gnojivo bogato hranjivim tvarima. Dodatni pozitivni učinci anaerobne digestije su razgradnja organskog otpada te smanjenje neugodnih mirisa i koncentracije patogenih mikroorganizama. Bioplin se uglavnom koristi za proizvodnju električne energije i topline, a u nekim slučajevima se pročišćava da bi se dobio biometan koji se koristi u mreži prirodnog plina, kao gorivo za motore s unutarnjim sagorijevanjem ili kao polazna kemikalija za kemijsku industriju. Zbog svega navedenog, razvoj proizvodnje bioplina ima pozitivne društveno-ekonomske i ekološke učinke. Bioplin proizveden u Hrvatskoj većinom se koristi za proizvodnju električne i toplinske energije u kogeneracijskim postrojenjima. Iako su u Hrvatskoj dostupne različite obnovljive sirovine koje bi se mogle iskoristiti za proizvodnju bioplina, njihov je potencijal do sada bio nedovoljno iskorišten. Kao sirovine za proizvodnju bioplina u nas se pretežno koriste gnojovka i nusproizvodi poljoprivrede, klaonica i prehrambene industrije. Racionalnijim korištenjem zemljišta i razvojem prehrambene industrije mogla bi se povećati količina poljoprivrednih ostataka i nusproizvoda koji nastaju preradom hrane. Usmjeravanjem i poticanjem korištenja ovih nusproizvoda za anaerobnu digestiju može se stimulirati brži razvoj proizvodnje bioplina u Hrvatskoj. Pored mogućeg povećanja vlastite proizvodnje električne energije i goriva, radi se o ekološki povoljnoj tehnologiji koja ima pozitivan društveno-ekonomski učinak.

Cilj rada: Razjasniti i ukazati na nejasnoće propisanih postupnika vezanih uz provedbu medicinskih istraživanja s djecom te pozvati na stručnu raspravu s ciljem dolaska do relevantne interpretacije propisa. Ispitanici i metode: Pregled literature predmetnih pravilnika, zakona i konvencija u digitalnom i tiskanom izdanju koja se odnose na etički kodeks istraživanja s djecom u medicinskim istraživanjima. Rezultati: Ukupno se nađe četiri pravilnika: Pravilnik za provedbu istraživanja u Kliničkoj bolnici „Sveti Duh“, Pravilnik za provedbu istraživanja Medicinskog fakulteta u Zagrebu te Etički kodeks istraživanja s djecom u medicinskim i nemedicinskim istraživanjima; tri zakona koja se odnose na istraživanja s djecom: Obiteljski zakon Republike Hrvatske, Zakon o zaštiti prava pacijenata te Zakon o provedbi opće uredbe o zaštiti podataka; Konvencija o pravima djeteta pri Ujedinjenim narodima te Hrestomatija hrvatskoga medicinskog prava. Očekivani doprinos području: Pregledom literature nađu se nejasne i nepotpune informacije o sudjelovanju djece u prospektivnim medicinskim istraživanjima na etički prihvatljiv način. Rad definira nejasnoće vezane uz izradu medicinskih istraživanja s djecom, posebice vremenske odrednice davanja informiranog pristanka za istraživanje od strane djeteta i zakonskog skrbnika, način osiguravanja tajnosti podataka i način osiguravanja pohrane podataka. S obzirom na neujednačene zaključke, iskazana je potreba ujednačavanja odrednica predmetnih zakonskih propisa.

Dvadesetak godina nakon završetka Drugoga svjetskog rata papa Pavao VI. proglasio je sv. Benedikta zaštitnikom Europe. Neposredan povod bila je obnova benediktinske kuće-matice, samostana na Monte Cassinu, koji je posve razrušen u ratnim razaranjima Drugoga svjetskog rata. Nakon uvodnih misli, u kojima ukazuje na neposredni kontekst apostolskog pisma Pacis nuntius, kojim je papa Pavao VI. sv. Benedikta proglasio zaštitnikom Europe, autor sažeto prikazuje sadržaj Pisma. U trećem dijelu članka autor progovara o širem povijesnom kontekstu u kojem je nastalo apostolsko pismo Pacis nuntius, odnosno o procesima dezintegracije koji su doveli do Drugoga svjetskog rata. U posljednjem dijelu članka autor progovara o mogućoj aktualnosti apostolskog pisma Pacis nuntius, odnosno zaključuje kako nikakvo ekonomsko povezivanje nije i ne će biti dostatno za europsku zajednicu naroda. Istinsko zajedništvo moguće je jedino na kršćanskim temeljima, jer je kršćanstvo kroza stoljeća nadahnjivalo i izgrađivalo Europu i oblikovalo povijest svih europskih naroda.

Unatoč stalnom opadanju poslijeoperacijskih komplikacija nakon kardiokirurškog zahvata razvojem suvremene medicine, učestalost poslijeoperacijskih kognitivnih poremećaja (POKP) je nepromijenjena, postavši tako najčešćom komplikacijom. Razlog tome je u još uvijek nerazjašnjenoj patogenezi POKP-a, ali i u nepostojanju opće prihvaćene definicije POKP-a među istraživačima. POKP-i imaju značajnu reperkusiju na bolesnikovo zdravlje, ali i na širu zajednicu zbog znatnih troškova liječenja i rehabilitacije bolesnika, smanjenja radne sposobnosti bolesnika i potrebe za njegovim prijevremenim umirovljenjem. Cilj ovog narativnog preglednog rada je na temelju pretraživanja dostupne literature čitateljima dati uvid u najnovija saznanja o POKP-ima nakon kardiokirurškog zahvata, s osobitim osvrtom na patogenezu POKP-a. Stoga su autori ovog rada pretraživali baze podataka Web of Science (All Databases) i Scopus u svrhu prikupljanja najnovijih spoznaja o ovoj iznimno važnoj poslijeoperacijskoj komplikaciji. Utvrdili smo kako upalni odgovor na kardiokirurški zahvat vjerojatno ima ključnu ulogu u međusobno preklapajućim mehanizmima koji su u podlozi nastanka POKP-a, te kako metodološka nedosljednost u definiranju POKP-a među istraživačima uvelike otežava istraživanje ove komplikacije.

U uvodnim napomenama autor donosi razloge zbog kojih se Crkva, odnosno kršćanska duhovnost koju on u najširem smislu poistovjećuje s kršćanskom kulturom, mora trajno nalaziti u krizi, jer to proizlazi iz same naravi Crkve i njezina poslanja. Autor potom donosi kratak prikaz razvoja krize duhovnosti na Zapadu, zaključujući kako je nastupilo vrijeme neopoganstva u obliku kozmičkog panteizma, odnosno ekologije kao nove religije suvremenog zapadnog čovjeka. Neopoganstvo ulazi u zakonodavstvo te postaje prisutno u svim sferama zapadnoga društvenog života. Autor potom navodi i opisuje neke od značajki društva u kojem je iznova zavladalo poganstvo: individualizam, relativizam, ekologizam, moralna i duhovna dezorijentacija, strah od smrti, profit iznad svega itd. U zadnjem dijelu članka autor izlaže odgovore koje su na postojeću krizu ponudili neki teolozi (J. B. Metz i J. Ratzinger) te potom navodi kako u praksi postoje tri odgovora koje kršćanstvo nudi na aktualnu krizu: bijeg, borba, suradnja. Autor potom nudi i četvrti mogući odgovor: obraćenje i povratak Isusu Kristu i jasnoći njegove poruke, odnosno poziv da se u središte kršćanstva i poruke koju ono nudi svijetu iznova stavi Boga.

Based on the analysis of water supply, tourist traffic, and climatic parameters, the paper assesses the sustainability and possibilities of adapting the water supply system in the future, considering the simultaneity of the peak loads on the water supply system with dry periods in the warm part of the year. The research covers islands from the northern and middle part of the Adriatic Sea (Croatia), which represent examples of islands with Cfa and Csa climates with significant differences in resource reliance on the island and coastal water resources. Given that previous climatological research indicates an increase in spring and summer temperatures on the Croatian coast, as well as spatial and seasonal changes in the amount of precipitation with a decrease during the summer months, the paper describes the possibilities of adapting current and alternative sources of water supply systems on the islands.

The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is the basis for numerous methods for soil trafficability research. Since USCS data are not always available, various other data and methods are used to correlate and predict the USCS soil group. This paper describes two methods used for the purpose of mapping the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin (PB) according to the USCS to a depth of 50 cm. In the first method, the possibility of the transfer of 308 profile samples according to the International Soil Science Society (ISSS) classification system into the USCS was examined. The results show that it is impossible to directly transform ISSS data into the USCS. In the second method 414 USCS profiles were used to analyse the weights of factors in the spatial analysis with inverse distance weighting (IDW). The analysis included layers of dominant and associated soil units of the Basic Soil Map of Croatia (BSM), Geological Map of Croatia (GM), drainage and catchment areas. The obtained weights were as follows: BSM 47.12%, catchment area 27.12%, GM 17.67% and drainage 8%. The results showed that PB in Croatia is covered with fine-grained soils, with clay covering almost the entire area and silt dominating in the western and north-western parts of the country.

U radu je prikazana suvremena poljoprivredna tehnika u zaštiti bilja i to putem elektrostatičkog naboja. Primjenom elektronskih uređaja postiže se učinkovitija i daleko preciznija zaštita bilja koja predstavlja sve veći izazov tijekom biljne proizvodnje. Upotreba elektrostatičkog naboja prilikom apliciranja zaštitnih sredstava primjenjiva je u klasičnoj konvencionalnoj proizvodnji i u ekološkoj biljnoj proizvodnji što doprinosi još većem interesu poljoprivrednika. U radu su prikazani različiti poljoprivredni sustavi za apliciranje zaštitnih sredstava uz pomoć elektrostatičkog naboja.

The paper presents a modern agricultural technique in the protection of plants through electrostatic charging. The use of electronic devices achieves more efficient and far more precise protection of plants, which represents an increasing challenge during plant production. The use of electrostatic charge when applying protective agents is applicable in classic conventional production and in ecological plant production, which contributes to even greater interest of farmers. The paper presents different agricultural systems for applying protective agents via electrostatic charge.

The term represents an integral element of each subject and forms the basis for the development of knowledge and mastery of knowledge acquired through the development of science. The school and the course book should enable students to adopt a system of scientific concepts from a certain field. This work deals with the analysis of the concepts of nature in the coursebooks of Nature and Society for the fourth grade of primary school, published by the publishers: Klett, New logos, and Bigz schooling. The research provides answers to the following questions: Are the concepts of nature explicitly represented in coursebooks? Do complete and incomplete logical definitions of the concepts of nature dominate in the coursebooks of Nature and Society? Is there a dominance of complete and incomplete logical definitions of different publishers and by the dominance of complete and incomplete logical definitions of the concepts of nature? Based on the results of research on the definitions of the concepts of nature in the coursebooks of Nature and Society for the fourth grade, it can be concluded that the coursebooks of Klett, New logos, and Bigz schooling have a very large number of undefined concepts of nature, greater than the number of definitions. Most textbooks about nature are in the textbook published by Klett (198 terms), followed by the textbook published by New Logos (174 terms), while the least notions about nature are found in the textbook published by Bigz schooling (142 terms). The most accurate definitions are in the textbook published by Klett (86 definitions), followed by the textbook published by New Logos (83 definitions), while the least definitions of nature are found in the textbook Bigz schooling (59 definitions). All of this points to the need for detailed changes to the analyzed nature and society textbooks from the publishing houses Klett, New logos, and Bigz schooling. This problem will certainly be the subject of academic discussion and some future research.

The subject of the research is the analysis of services that should be offered by public administration toward legal entities and natural persons. We will suggest that it uses real-time intelligent IT systems based on data storage based on the data warehouse. Our opinion is that such systems implemented in the public administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina could offer an appropriate service to each user at a time when they need the service in a form that suits them, on the spot where he is in the moment of delivery and in the quantity that he needs. In order for a public administration to be able to offer an appropriate service, it must know its users much better and know which service they need at what time. In this paper, we analyze self-service as well as the necessary activities for all that. These are all activities that should be carried out in the future, and this work could contribute to the implementation of these processes

U radu je prikazana suvremena poljoprivredna tehnika u zaštiti bilja i to putem termičke zaštite, korištenjem podtlačnih i nadtlačnih sustava, primjenom mehaničkim putem četkastih kultivatora i primjenom suvremenih robota. Upotrebom navedenih načina omogućuje se suzbijanje štetočinja ekološkim putem koji je sve nužniji u svakodnevnoj biljnoj proizvodnji. U radu će biti dana pojašnjenja i principi rada pomoću kojih je moguće učinkovito i relativno brzo suzbiti štetočine. Uporabom navedenih omogućuje se potpuno ekološka biljna proizvodnja bez negativnih posljedica za okoliš i krajnjeg korisnika.

Sažetak The paper presents modern agricultural techniques in plant protection through thermal protection, the use of vacuum systems, the mechanical application of brush cultivators and various weeds and the use of modern robots. The use of these methods enables the control of pests in an ecological way, which is increasingly necessary in everyday plant production. The paper will provide explanations and principles of work with which it is possible to effectively and relatively quickly control pests. The use of the above enables completely organic plant production without negative consequences for the end user

Donald Trump's term as President of the United States was marked by, among others: nationalism,populism, rejection of democracy, political arbitrariness, exclusivity towards racial and nationalminorities, xenophobia expressed towards immigrants, but also close (Mexicans) and distant peoples(Chinese), forcing divisions in American society, misogyny, spreading misinformation in all spheresand especially during the pandemic, belittling the attitude towards intellectuals, and especially constantlycalling out and insulting journalists. Injustice towards media houses and journalists did not stop duringthe entire term of Donald Trump, who called them 'fake news media' and 'enemy of the people, thusturning the public against them and creating big problems for them, which resulted in open violenceduring police protests. the assassination of African-American George Floyd, but also in the attack onCapitol Hill. All of these terms, along with some other features of his rule in domestic and foreign policy,are encompassed by a common denominator called ‘trumpism’. Although he was defeated in 2020presidential election, his legacy remained significantly present in American society, but also outside it- on the American and Asian continents, but also in Europe, and especially in the Balkans. Usingqualitative content analysis and comparative analysis of Donald Trump's communication model,especially in his relationship with political opponents, media houses and journalists, and thethe communication model of Balkan politicians, this paper deals with information and communicationmatrices that have been very successfully accepted and perfected by some politicians. Balkans througha special review of the spread of 'information disorder' in its three manifestations - misinformation,misinformation, and misinformation

This study investigated a crop and soil classification applying the Random Forest machine learning algorithm based on the red-green-blue (RGB) and multispectral sensor imaging deploying an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The study area covered two 10 x 10 m subsets of a maize-sown agricultural parcel near Koška. The highest overall accuracy was obtained in the combination of the red edge (RE), near-infrared (NIR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in both subsets, with a 99.8% and 91.8% overall accuracy, respectively. The conducted analysis proved that the RGB camera obtained sufficient accuracy and was an acceptable solution to the soil and vegetation classification. Additionally, a multispectral camera and spectral analysis allowed for a more detailed analysis, primarily of the spectrally similar areas. Thus, this procedure represents a basis for both the crop density calculation and weed detection while deploying an unmanned aerial vehicle. To ensure crop classification effectiveness in practical application, it is necessary to further integrate the weed classes in the current vegetation class and separate them into crop and weed classes.

Alien species represent a significant component of European entomofauna. Intensive international trade of plants, particularly woody ornamentals, has increased introduction of alien species into Europe in the last two decades, where alien terrestrial invertebrates prevail as one of the most numerous groups of introduced organisms. As of 2010, fourteen species of alien psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) have been recorded in Europe. Five species have been reported from Croatia, including Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama, 1908), as the only species from genus Acizzia Heslop-Harrison, 1961 present in Croatia so far. This paper provides genus status in Croatia, with first records of Australian species Acizzia uncatoides (Ferris & Klyver, 1932) and Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae (Froggatt, 1901).

Among traditional Croatian regions Turopolje is one of the smallest, but also one with a widely recognizable name and distinctive characteristics. Between 2018 and 2021, The Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography compiled the edition devoted exclusively to the Turopolje region. One of the basic conceptional issues for its editors was to determine the area of the region and consequently define the area which is to be embraced by the research. This article reviews different territorial definitions of Turopolje as well as changes in administrative-territorial divisions during last century and a half, which preceeded actual situation. Taking into account that encyclopedias generally tend to apply a holistic approach, the editors decided to include present-day administrative units the township of Velika Gorica, communes of Kravarsko, Orle and Pokupsko, as well as parts (particular settlements) of the township of Zagreb and the commune of Lekenik.

The paper presents modern agricultural techniques in plant protection. The application of navigation systems with high-precision correction signal (RTK) from the manufacturer AgLeader and the use of OptRx sensors enabled the precise application of chemical agents through a prepared plant protection map. The use of telematics systems enables machine operators to work in groups on the same production area and with accurate information on the condition of the crop available at any time. With the development of technology for sending information about the state of the production area, it is possible to send the same to a virtual cloud where it can be analyzed manually or using machine learning.

U radu je prikazana suvremena poljoprivredna tehnika u zaštiti bilja. Primjenom navigacijskih sustava sa korekcijskim signalom visoke točnosti (RTK) te upotrebom senzora OptRx omogućena je precizna aplikacija kemijskih sredstava putem izrađene karte zaštite bilja. Korištenjem telematskih sustava omogućuje se rukovateljima strojeva mogućnost grupnog rada na istoj proizvodnoj površini te uvid u stanje usjeva dostupno u realnom vremenu. Razvojem tehnologije slanja informacija o stanju proizvodne površine omogućeno je isto slati u virtualni oblak (cloud) gdje se one mogu analizirati ručno ili korištenjem strojnog učenja (machine learning).

U radu je predstavljeno istraživanje u okviru znanstvenog projekta ZIP UNIRI „Istraživanje ponašanja komponenti kompozitnog panela s integriranom čeličnom jezgrom“. Cilj znanstvenog projekta je pružiti bolje razumijevanje o ponašanju komponenti inovativnog konstruktivnog panelnog sustava kako bi se istražio potencijal njegove primjene u građevinarstvu.

The paper presents a modern agricultural technique in the protection of plants through a clarified approach to the operation of the automatic control of the sprinkler operation. Modern systems for leveling reinforcement using sensors are presented and the importance of using GIS guidance as the main guideline of precision agriculture is shown. The paper presents concrete examples of sprayers on which automatic systems such as Amatron 3, Arag system, BoomTrac Pro are installed, where all the advantages of the aforementioned are shown. The use of modern technology and additional digital equipment enables the high-quality application of protective medium with multiple savings.

Previous research in continental Croatia indicated that cropland suitability levels are highly variable and existing natural resources could be better utilized. To overcome this issue, a method of multilevel Geographic information system (GIS)-based multicriteria analysis based on Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for maize cropland suitability determination was proposed and evaluated. Free spatial data and free open-source software were implemented in the research in 250 m spatial resolution. The effects of air temperature, precipitation, soil and topography were modelled with the multilevel approach to avoid inconsistency in pairwise comparison due to criteria count. The maize suitability index (MSI) was calculated using the weighted linear combination, with higher values indicating proportionally higher suitability. According to the results of the AHP method, the weight consistency ratio was lower than the borderline value (0.042 < 0.100). Soil type and mean air temperature in June had the most impact on the suitability result, with 14.3% and 13.6% influence, respectively. The highest MSI values were achieved along the Sava River, especially in the proximity of Sisak and Nova Gradiška, resulting up to 3.9 of the possible 5.0. The sensitivity analysis of criteria indicated precipitation data in May, July and August particularly impactful in continental Croatia, while mean air temperature in September had very low variability of the suitability and was the least impactful on calculated MSI values.

The paper covers numerical analysis of an experiment with five T-beams that are loaded to failure. The beams are designed to have the same ultimate bearing capacity with different ratios of prestressed to classic reinforcement. A detailed overview of the experiment is shown with exact section dimensions, as well as exact position and ratio of prestressed to classic steel. As a result of the experiment, force-displacement diagrams for each beam are presented and analyzed. Numerical model of the beams, reinforced in accordance with the experiment, is also shown. Two models for materials are used to analyze the beams: design model to check the design failure force and a new material model with concrete tension to simulate the actual behavior of the beams. All beams are gradually loaded to numerical failure by incrementally increasing the load that simulates press load. At the end, an analysis and comparison between experimental and numerical results is conducted to determine if the numerical model is a good representation of actual beam behavior.

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of agricultural crops and crop rotation is necessary for the understanding of the farming practices concerning the long-term sustainability of agricultural production. Agricultural crops are increasingly subject to drought due to the effects of global climate change, and the same is true for Croatia due to the constant rise in mean annual temperatures and uneven rainfall distribution. Remote sensing methods have proven to be superior in the detection and monitoring of drought compared to conventional methods of observation from meteorological stations. Information on the condition of crops in the early stages of development indicates potential irregularities in the development of agricultural crops. The objective of this paper is to provide a perspective for the application of remote sensing in crop management using state-of-the-art methods. Analysis of the possible implementation of these methods in Croatia was performed on a macro- and micro-level. Spatial classification, cropland suitability multicriteria analysis, drought assessment, weed detection and crop density calculation were evaluated according to the necessary equipment and data processing segments. Remote sensing application in crop management offers a potential basis for better crop management both at the macro-level for land use planning and at the micro-level for family farms.

Research of contemporary societies emphasises the importance of global economic circumstances, political uncertainties and social inequalities for young people’s visions of their personal future. This research is focused on general and career-specific aspects of adolescents' visions of personal future and how these relate to adolescents' orientation toward educational mobility. Educational mobility is determined by the equivalence/non-equivalence of parents’ levels of education and their offspring’s educational aspirations as expressed at the end of secondary schooling. According to this principle, three groups of participants were defined and their differences were analysed with respect to (a) general aspects of their visions of personal future, (b) career-specific aspects of their envisioned future, and (c) the perception of factors on which the achievement of career visions will depend. Significant differences among the three groups have been found in general and career-specific visions of the future. The findings of the study indicate that students who plan to attend university are more preoccupied with career and perceive personal characteristics as more important factors for achieving career goals than students without such plans. Finally, this paper suggests that, in order to fully understand young people’s visions of personal future from a micro and a macro perspective, it is fruitful to integrate psychological and sociological approaches.

The paper presents digital image processing methods that, applied sequentially, enable detection and monitoring of flooded areas using satellite images obtained by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) from Sentinel-1 satellite in the case study of floods in the Vrgorac region, during November and December 2020. The method is based on the scattering of a polarized radar wave on water surfaces. The paper comments on the advantages and disadvantages of using open resources and proposes the urgent accession of the Republic of Croatia to the Charter on Space.

Projectification has become an important phenomenon in the field of project studies. Projectification represents an important portion of the gross national product gathering significant resources in all types of industries. There is significant number of micro-level studies investigating this phenomenon but only few have investigated the macro-level design. This paper adopted approach originally implemented in Germany, Norway and Iceland. Aim of this paper is to broaden the scale of the previous research including Croatia as one of the Eastern European post transition countries. This paper offers unique results from the first projectification research of the Croatian economy based on the analysis of 250 companies. Primary data was collected through interviews with company employees. Results reveal the level of Croatian national economy projectification being below 30% enabling sector and cross country comparison. According to results Croatia is still within the range of the European Union countries. These results add to the existing body of knowledge regarding an ongoing research of the projectification phenomenon.

The author is analyzing the circumstances surrounding the planning, launching and carrying out the expedition intended to transfer Charles Robert from Southern Italy to Eastern Adriatic so that he could realize his inherited right to Crown of St. Stephen and the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia. Contrary to the conventional wisdom in historiography, the author advocates a thesis that the expedition was organized not to enable Charles to realize his claim, but to remove him from Naples where he, being the heir to the local throne, was a potential source of political disputes and conflicts. Analyzing the details of the expedition and the contemporaries’ views on it (as found in the preserved sources), the author finds arguments for such a viewpoint. He also analyzes the developments that, in the early 14th century, generated a whole new political situation that in turn created an opportunity for Charles Robert to actually realize his potential claim to the throne.

Previous studies have shown that during the election process voters rely on different physical characteristics of political candidates. For example, politicians who are perceived as more competent have greater electoral success. In addition, candidates who look more dominant and masculine are preferred among conservative voters. Since facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is assumed to be a predictor of perceived masculinity and dominance, this study aimed to investigate the contribution of fWHR in predicting the outcome of the real political elections. We used a digital database containing photographs of political candidates for the United States Senate (United States Congress and United States House of Representatives) and gubernatorial elections, representing Republican and Democratic Party. fWHR was calculated for the 259 male and 52 female candidates. Across several linear and binary regressions, with the control of the candidate’s sex, party affiliation, election type and candidacy type (incumbency or first candidacy), fWHR predicted neither the election outcome nor the vote share. Several methodological aspects have been discussed to explain these unexpected findings and to give guidance for future research.

Many masonry structures are located in seismically active areas where the action of seismic forces has revealed their vulnerability. Since such structures are built of composite materials, attention should be paid to all the structural elements that make it up. The objective of this paper is to present the procedure and analysis results for a masonry building in order to determine its seismic resistance. The AmQuake software, which facilitates the design and calculation of masonry buildings according to European standards and norms, was used for the analysis. By using the pushover method, the system response to an increasing horizontal force with a constant vertical load is monitored through the calculation. Based on the calculation results, a conclusion on the conducted analysis is given.

Fundamental changes of the existing standard EN 1998-1, with incorporation of latest research results, are proposed in the second generation of Eurocode EN 1998-1-1. A spectrum of earthquake loads, defined by several points established in a probabilistic manner, is presented and commented on. In addition, the new EN 1998-1-1: a) introduces 12 return periods for earthquakes (instead of the previous two periods), b) cancels previous elastic spectra Type 1 and Type 2, c) introduces a new moment magnitude Mw instead of the surface magnitude Ms, d) introduces four limit states instead of the previous two NCR and DLR, etc.

First aim of this review paper is to make the checklist of the most important phytophagous insects from the Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera) suborder that may feed on plants from genus Citrus, Fortunella and Poncirus, present in the Mediterranean basin. Second aim is to compare the mentioned list with Croatian findings from relevant literature. Third aim is to separate and describe possible risk for introduction and harmfulness of the most harmful species in Croatia. In the literature review 46 species (17 aphids, 21 scale insects, 6 whiteflies and 2 psyllids) which may feed on citrus plants were found to be present in selected countries. Out of that number, 37 species (13 aphids, 18 scale insects and 6 whiteflies) are reported for Croatia. Based on their potential to cause damages, ability to spread and the vicinity of the countries in which they are found, following species if introduced could be potential threat for citrus growing areas in Croatia: Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), Aonidiella citrina (Craw, 1890), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), Trioza erythrae (Del Guercio, 1918), Aleurothrixus flocossus (Maskell, 1896) and Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana, 1927).

The purpose of this paper is to develop structural design of a wind turbine foundation and tower. The structural modeling was performed in program Tower 7. All structural elements are calculated according to the applicable regulations of Eurocode and National Annexes. The structure consists of a steel tower calculated in segments and a reinforced concrete foundation made in a monolithic design. The wind turbine tower is a steel tubular tower, while the foundation is made of reinforced concrete in a circular shape.

Bridges as structures, but also as a symbol, draw the best out of a human, because by connecting two sides, they certainly always connect rather than separate, unite without dividing. The tasks of builders of primal bridges were limited to pedestrian crossings. Those were the first natural or constructed crossings made of fallen trees that were used for the needs of the then users. Today, pedestrian bridges are gaining importance by being constructed not only for communication but also as a modern way of healthy living. Construction of any structure, including a pedestrian bridge, requires its control. All bridges, regardless of their length, width and purpose, have in common that they must be tested. The Regulation on load testing of bridges (JUS U.M1.046) is one of the parts of legislation that must be adhered to. This Regulation defines the test procedures and evaluation of the results of tests on structures. In addition to a brief insight into modern pedestrian bridges, this paper presents practical examples of load testing of pedestrian bridges conducted by the staff of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Mostar.

The paper deals with exploratory, political and communication studies of the dialectics of media power or powerlessness in the process of electoral civic behaviour on the example of the Croatian parliamentary elections in 2003. The survey covers time limits from September 1 to November 30, 2003. The chosen methodology and the applied research methods are in line with contemporary research trends applied in similar media and electoral and political campaign studies. The authors point to all the complexity of studying this issue, which is catching the attention of recent communication and political science publics. The initial research hypothesis fully confirmed the predicted research results. The author's research focuses on examining the interrelationships between the media representation of political options, persons and electoral civic behaviour. An inductive-deductive analysis of media representation was also carried out in correlation with the financial resources spent on publicity and publicity campaigns. The results obtained show that there is no significant causal relationship between media representation and electoral civic behaviour. In the final interpretation of the results obtained, it is evident that, prior to the election campaign, attitudes towards electoral preference of voters did not change significantly during the media's publicity and propaganda election civic exposure. Based on the published article "Media Power Dialectics and Electoral Civic Behavior (Croatian Parliamentary Elections 2003), Informatol, Vol.39, No. 1,2006, a political and communicative retrospective discussion was held on the subject of Case Study analysis "Croatian Parliamentary Elections 2003". The research was presented on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of INFORMATOLOGIA (1969 - 2019), at the 25th International Scientific Conference "SOCIETY AND TECHNOLOGY 2019" ("DIT - 2019" - Dr. Juraj Plenković), Opatija, 28. - 30.06. 2019.