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Sveučilišni udžbenik namijenjen za područje veterinarske kliničke imunologije.

Izvješće se odnosi na opis prvog nalaza bakterije Mycobacterium africanum iz pećinara-Procavia capensis u svijetu.

U radu su iznijeti podaci stručne i znanstvene literature o etiologiji i proširenosti mikoplazmoznog mastitisa u krava koji uzrokuje vrsta Mycoplasma bovis. Opisani su klinički znakovi, način dijagnostike i iskorjenjivanja te bolesti koja se ističe nemogućnošću liječenja. Bolest je u nas etiološki ustanovljena u velikog broja životinja na jednoj farmi krava muzara.

Opisani su mikrobi koji uzrokuju infekcijske bolesti u životinja, s napomenom o njihovom značenju u humanoj medicini.

istražena je učestalost mastitisa i nalaz pojedinih bakterija u mlijeku 257 krava. Infekcije uzrokvane bakterijama ustanovljene su u 127 (49, 4%) krava. Supklinički oblik mastitis bio je prisutan u 36, 2% inficiranih životinja, akutni kataralni mastitis 1, 1%, a akutni parenhimski mastitis ustanovljen je u 0, 2% mliječnih krava. Od izdvojenih bakterija najčešća vrsta bili su koagulaza-negativni stafilokoki, zatim Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus disgalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, D grupa po Lancefieldovoj, E. coli, Vrste roda Enterobacter, P. aeruginosa i Bacillus sp.

Nakon uvoza ovaca iz Australije 1995 godine u domaćih se ovaca u okolici Zagreba pojavila bolest koja se očitovala promjenama na očima. Bakteriološkim pretragama izdvojena je bakterija Branhamella ovis i vrste Mycoplasma conjunctivae iz ovaca koje su bile u doticaju s ovcama uvezenim iz Australije kao i iz australskih ovaca.

Izneseni su osnovni podaci o baktriji Coxiella burnetti i njezinom značenju kao uzročniku Q-groznice u čovjeka i životinje. Raspravlja se o klasifikaciji, načinu razmnožavanja, morfološkim, uzgojnim in antigenskim osobinama vrste Coxiella burnetti, proširenosti infekcija tom bakterijom i o njezinoj održivosti izvan organizma. Obrađene su patogeneza i epizotiologija Q-groznice te postupci dijagnosticiranja, liječenja i suzbijanja te boslesti.

Prikazana je klasifikacija mikroorganizama svrstnih u rod Chlamydia, njihov uzgoj, postupci identifikacije te značenje za zdravlje ljudi i životinja.

Opisan je uzročnik proliferativne enteropatije svinja, postupci dijagnosticiranja bolesti kao i njezino značenje

Tyzzerova bolest je akutna, često smrtonosna bakterijska infekcija od koje pretežno oboljevaju laboratorijske životinje, sporadično ždrebad, a rijetko ostale domaće i divlje životinje. Bolest uzrokuje bakterija Clostridium piliforme. Obično se očituje multiplim nekrozama u jetri i enteritisom Raširena je po cijelom svijetu.

U posljednjih petnaestak godina iz ljudi i različitih životinja izdvojeno je dvadesetak vrsta helikobaktera, od kojih neke još nisu potpuno istražene i konačno razvrstane. Za neke se vrste može pretpostaviti da su patogene za ljude i životinje izazivajući u njih upale pojedinih dijelova želičano-crijevnog sustava i/ili jetre. S epidemiološkog motrišta osobitu pozornost zaslužuju nalazi vrste H. pylori u životinja, poglavito kućnih ljubimaca, koja u ljudi uzrokuje aktivni kronični gastritis i peptički vrijed, a povezuje se i s pojavom želučanog adenokarcinoma i limfoma želučane sluznice.

U posljednjih petnaestak godina iz ljudi i različitih životinja izdvojeno je dvadesetak vrsta helikobaktera, od kojih neke još nisu potpuno istražene i konačno razvrstane. Za neke se vrste može pretpostaviti da su patogene za ljude i životinje izazivajući u njih upale pojedinih dijelova želičano-crijevnog sustava i/ili jetre. S epidemiološkog motrišta osobitu pozornost zaslužuju nalazi vrste H. pylori u životinja, poglavito kućnih ljubimaca, koja u ljudi uzrokuje aktivni kronični gastritis i peptički vrijed, a povezuje se i s pojavom želučanog adenokarcinoma i limfoma želučane sluznice.

At the begining of 1995. approximately 6 000 sheep from Australia and New Zealand were imported in Croatia as donation and distributed to private farmers all over the country. During the spring and summer of the same year a great number of native seep thate were in conctat with imported animals developed the signs of an ocular disease closely resembling to ovine keratoconjunctivitis. This disease has not been yet etiologically diagnosed in Croatia. Microbiological examination of conjunctical smears revealed a great number of animals infected with glucose-fementing mycoplasmas and Branchamella ovis. The infection with Chlamydia psittaci was not establishesd in any examined case. At the time of sampling the imported animals did not reveal clear-cut signs of disease, but were frequently found infected with mycoplasma and branhamella. Besides the results of microbiological investigation of epizootia, an outline of literature data on infectious ovine keratokonjunctivitis was given in the paper.

Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (CAR bacillus) is an unclassified, gram-negative microorganism pertaining to the group of gliding and flexing filamentous bacteria. It is named for its unique ability of colonization the cilia of respiratory tract epithelium in infected animals. The bacterium grows only in chicken embryo allantoic fluid, cell culture or cell culture medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. Histologic sections of tracheal mucosal scraping prepared with silver impregnation technique can be used as rapid way to identify the CAR bacillus. Natural infections with this bacterium are known in laboratory and wild rats, mice, rabbits, Mystromys albicaudatus, cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. In experimental infections with the agent typical pulmonary lesions of chronic respiratory disease in rats and mice were produced. There is a possibility that CAR bacillus impairs the normal mucociliary activity and predisposes the animal to infection with other pathogens.

In the paper recent scientific literature data on bacteria from the genera Listeria, Erysipelothrix anf Renibacterium are reviwed. Beside basic microbiological description, special care is paid to the role of these bacteria in animal and human pathology.

Radi potpunije tipizacije, sojevi bakterije Sallmonella abortusequi obrađeni su pomoću SDS-elektroforeze u gelu.Rezultati dobiveni SDS-elektroforezom u gelu potvrdili su rezultate serološke tipizacije.

In the control of fowl mycoplasmoses various antimicrobials have been used. Of these, tetracycline antibiotics, tylosin, tyamulin, linco-spectin, danofloxacin and enrofloxacin are therapeutics of choise in current poultry praxis. Exept general view in sensitivity of avian mycoplasmas to various antimicrobials, in this paper the principles of their selection and use in the prophylaxis and therapy of mycoplasmoses caused by single avian pathogens are presented.

In several articles under common title Fowl Mycoplasmoses an outline of scientific achievements on ethiopathogenesis of these diseases in fowl and other avian species is given. Except epidemiology, clinical and pathoanatomical findings, diagnostics procedures of mycoplasmoses are described. Immunoprophylaxis, as well as the use of antibiotics in treatment and prevention of these diseases is presented. Eradication of mycoplasmal infections in intensive fowl production is also described.

U radu je opisan nalaz pioseptikemije u ždrebeta koju je uzrokovala bakterija Actinobacillus equuli. Ždrijebe je dostavljeno u Zavod za opću patologiju i patološku morfologiju na patomorfološku pretragu. Budući da bolest ždrebadi, a i sam postupak postavljanja etiološke dijagnoze nisu u Hrvatskoj potanje opisani, smatrali smo korisnim prikazati rezultate patomorfoloških i bakterioloških istraživanja uzroka uginuća ždrebeta.

Today, the complex technology of goat and sheep production is based on the modern knowledge of all breeding procedures, selection of breed, controlled reproduction and prevention and therapy of various diseases. This kind of program is strictly related to well educated veterinary surgeons only. In this paper different models of cost benefit sheep production are described especially according to the technology and reproduction. The modern prevention against different diseases are also included and explained on the model of family farms.

With the import of sheep from Australia in April 1995., in six sheep farms in Jastrebarsko area (Croatia), contagious keratoconjunctivitis started to spread among domestic sheep (pramenka cross-beed) and in few Australian imported sheep (Corriedale). In sheep which came into contact with Australian sheep, the disease was manifested on the both eyes by serous ocular discharge, marked hyperaemia and then vascularisation extending from the periphery of the cornea until the whole cornea became involved, blepharospasm, and in severe cases corneal ulceration. From 13 conjunctival swabs of clinical cases and three conjunctival swabs from healthy Australian sheep, Branchamella ovis was isolated in 11 cases, and Mycoplasma conjunctivae in eight. Treatment with topical (Oksitetraciklin ung., Pliva) and sistemic tetracycline (Geomycin retard, Pliva) was generaly effective. In mild cases treatment showed to be effective in 1-2 days, but in severe cases the therapy had to be applied at least 3-4 or 4-6 days. The reccurence occured three times in 15 days, and after that the disease was stopped.

In the paper general principles and procedures of sanitation of mycoplasmal infections in intensive poultry production are reviwed. Also some informations about avian mycoplasmas and choise appropriate disinfectans are presented.

In several subtitles of this paper peculiarities of immune reaction against avian mycoplasmas, their immunogenic properties and possibilities of acquiring immunity are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the encouraging results of use inactivated or attenuated mycoplasmal vaccines in prophylaxis of poulty mycoplasmosis.

General principles and procedures on eradication of mycoplasmal infections from intensive poultry production are outlined. Besides the antibiotics or heat treatment of hatching eggs to prevent the egg-transmission of the mycoplasmas, monitoring program by cultural and serological methods and high standards of hygiene during hatching and rearing to prevent lateral transmision are described.