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The heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of initial water saturation influences the performance of hot water flooding. The prospect of a reduction in oil recovery arises from the development of viscous instability. In the present study, a numerical simulation model has been developed by coupling heat transport, and multiphase flow in porous media integrated with the non-isothermal flow, and the numerical model has been verified with the existing analytical solution by Buckley and Leverett. The formation of a wavy temperature profile at the condensation front was found with a decreased depth of temperature penetration. The average rise of temperature is drastically affected by the spatial distribution of initial water saturation. The formation of viscous fingering was highly dominating in the reservoir, with initial water saturation randomly distributed and causing the front to move in an irregular pattern from the initial stage of the flooding. The heterogeneous reservoir with initial water distribution showed the earlier formation of viscous fingering than the homogeneous reservoir. The heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of initial water saturation had caused viscous instability, lower viscosity reduction, lower displacement sweeps efficiency, and higher residual oil saturation. The present study is limited to spatial distribution in initial water saturation to a certain degree of heterogeneity. The heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of initial water saturation highly impacted the production performance of hot water flooding. The present study provides an idea for the implementation and future development of hot water flooding in a randomly initial water saturation distributed environment.

The amount of oil together with the water Originally in Place (OIP), makes up the liquid phase in heavy oil reservoir systems. This amount of liquid present in the pores of the reservoir system is known as liquid saturation, plays a vital role in improving oil recovery through In-Situ Combustion (ISC) process. The oil phase acts as fuel in generating thermal energy required for viscosity reduction and the water phase supports in the formation of an enlarged condensation zone that aids in higher mobility of the low viscous oil. A numerical investigation is carried out to study the role of water saturation on the performance of in-situ combustion in a heavy oil reservoir. A finite-difference based numerical model is developed and validated for water recovery. The model is then used to carry out the impact of liquid saturation on the performance of the ISC, as it plays a vital role in screening criteria for the selection of ISC. The numerical results projected a significant effect on the thermal and production profile during the process. A comparison between the effect of variation in water and oil saturations projected a significant increase in reservoir temperatures with increased water saturation than the oil saturation. The highest reservoir temperatures are observed at the maximum liquid (oil and water together) saturation. Further, the additional water drive provided by increased water saturation is observed to contribute to early production rates.

The global lifestyle of this modern world has become more dependent on petroleum-based products, whose applications are involved almost everywhere. Since a large quantity of oil is being used on a daily basis, the spilling of oil by various means during its storage and transportation has become inevitable. This work focuses on the spilling of oil in a marine environment, generally referred to as an offshore oil spill, in contrast to an onshore oil spill associated with a terrestrial environment. These oil spills not only devastate the natural resources and unsettle the economy, they also jeopardize marine life, as well as human health. The remediation of an oil spill remains very challenging, when the disaster is associated with a large aerial extent. In this context, a sound understanding is required on the origin, seeping, composition and properties of the spilled oil in order to better monitor the spreading of the oil spill. In this manuscript, a detailed list of fundamental queries, which will be required to be addressed at the instance of an oil spill has been deduced, which will be extremely useful for the oil spill respondents as there are no previous studies that exclusively provide the type and nature of data required to be collected, immediately following an oil spill. Furthermore, this manuscript has deduced a list of sensitive and essential plots that will be required in order to analyse and forecast the spreading of an oil spill. An essence of weathering and its associated movement of oil spill has been included.

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibro-osseous disorder, characterized by fibrous connective tissue containing abnormal bone which replaces normal bone. It represents 2 to 5% of all bone tumors and 7% of all benign tumors. Most commonly it affects younger age groups, with a higher prevalence in the maxilla than the mandible. It is a lesion of unknown etiology, uncertain pathogenesis, and diverse histopathology. Fibrous dysplasia can involve multiple bones (polyostotic) or a single bone (monostotic). The lesions of fibrous dysplasia can be surgically recontoured for esthetic or functional purposes once the growth ceases. Here we report a case of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia in an 83-year-old elderly male patient with emphasis on radiographic features.

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Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Croatica is the property of Acta Stomatologica Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)