1. Vitamin D
- Author
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Tomić, Ida, Ratkaj, Ivana, Ban, Jelena, and Andretić Waldowski, Rozi
- Subjects
calcitriol ,25(OH)D ,vitamin D ,hypovitaminosis of vitamin D ,UVB radiation - Abstract
Vitamin D grupni je naziv za skupinu vitamina topivih u mastima. Smatra se jednim od najstarijih prohormona na Zemlji. Najpoznatije vrste vitamina D su vitamin D2 (ergokalciferol) i vitamin D3 (kolekalciferol). Izvori vitamina D2 su biljnog porijekla dok su izvori vitamina D3 životinjskog porijekla. Aktivni oblik vitamina D je kalcitriol (1,25-dihidroksikolekalciferol). Glavni izvor vitamina D je sunce, točnije UVB zračenje. Pritom treba naglasiti da sunčanje u svrhe sinteze vitamina D treba prakticirati bez korištenja zaštitnog faktora, a opet paziti i na to da ne bismo pocrvenili. U optimalnim uvjetima naša koža može sintetizirati od 10 000- 20 000 IU (od engl. international units, internacionalnih jedinica) vitamina D u 30 minuta, nakon čega sinteza vitamina D prestaje. Osim što igra vrlo važnu ulogu u očuvanju zdravlja kostiju i imunosnog sustava, sve više se ističe njegova korist u brojnim bolestima, a vrlo važnu ulogu ima i tijekom trudnoće i za majku i za fetus te kasnije za novorođenče. Jako puno ljudi diljem svijeta ima hipovitaminozu vitamina D, koja se dijagnosticira mjerenjem koncentracije 25- hidroksivitamina D, 25(OH)D u krvi, točnije u serumu. Radi nedostatka vitamina D u organizmu može doći do raznih komplikacija i oboljenja. S druge strane, prevelike doze vitamina D u organizmu uzrokuju hipervitaminozu pa radi toga treba paziti da se preporučena doza ne prekorači jer u suprotnom može uzrokovati neželjene nuspojave i toksičnost. Kako bi se izbjegao neželjeni utjecaj, vitamin D treba uvijek uzimati pod liječničkim nadzorom., Vitamin D is a group name for a group of vitamins which are soluble in fats. It is considered one of the oldest prohormones on earth. The most common types of vitamin D are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Sources of vitamin D2 are of plant origin, whereas vitamin D3 sources are of animal origin. The active form of vitamin D is calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 1,25(OH)2D). The main source of vitamin D is the sun, more precisely its UVB radiation. It needs to be clear that sunbathing in the means to synthesize vitamin D needs to be done without sunscreen, but avoiding sunburn. In optimal conditions our skin can synthesize from 10 000 – 20 000 IU (international units) of vitamin D in 30 minutes, after that the synthesis of vitamin D naturally stops. In addition to playing a very important role in maintaining bone and immune system health, its benefits in many diseases are increasingly emphasized and it plays a very important role during pregnancy for both mother and fetus and also later for the newborn. A lot of people around the world have vitamin D hypovitaminosis which is diagnosed by measuring the concentration of 25 hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D in the blood, more precisely in the serum. Due to the lack of vitamin D in the body, various complications and diseases can occur. On the other hand, overdoses of vitamin D in the body cause hypervitaminosis, so care should be taken not to exceed the recommended dose because otherwise it can cause unwanted side effects and toxicity. To avoid side effects, vitamin D should always be taken under medical supervision.
- Published
- 2021