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Cell-wall resynthesis was studied in protoplast culture of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.). We optimized protoplast isolation and found that explants excised from young seedling were more suitable sources of protoplasts, in contrast to callus tissue. Incubation in 2% cellulase R-10, 1% pectinase and 0.5% macerozyme solution for 3h effectively released protoplasts from majority of tested explants. Furthermore, we determined the optimal developmental age of explants which was 4, 21, 25 and 35 days for hypocotyls, cotyledons, in-vitro leaf mesophyll and ex-vitro leaf mesophyll, respectively. Explant type, culture medium and genotype influenced both a rate and a pattern of the cell wall regeneration. After 10 days of culture, the number of regenerated cells reached 44%-59% in hypocotyl, 84%-91% in cotyledonary, and 31%-42% in mesophyll protoplasts. Our results show that the earlier wall regeneration begins, the wall surface will be more incomplete. We suggest that unbalanced and inefficient cell-wall resynthesis likely contributes to recalcitrance of yellow lupin to manipulations in protoplast technology.

Serbian aspirations towards European structures. The situation of national minorities and ethnic minorities in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina with particular emphasis on the educational system Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (APV) is an area in the northern part of the Repub­lic of Serbia. This region is inhabited by over 26 national and ethnic minorities, making it the most diverse ethnically area throughout Serbia. On the basis of the Constitution and special statutes in APV the following languages have official status: Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Croatian, Romanian and Ruthenian. In addition, this area is the most economically developed throughout the country. Vojvodina is an example of a well-functioning multi‑ethnic commu­nities living in one territory, which in some regions of the Balkans remains an open problem. Therefore government in Belgrade tries to keep the European image of this autonomy to such an extent, that cyclically there appears information about the possibility of obtaining of the total independence of this territory and the separation from the Republic of Serbia. Para­doxically, such speculations can lead to the destabilization in other regions of Serbia. They did not obtain such a level of autonomy and mentioned speculations inspire some minorities into actions in order to get the certain independence (for example Boshniaks from Sandjak in western Serbia). The central authorities are aware of this fact and try to keep the control over all regions of the country that often can lead to ethnic conflicts. That raises the following question: to what extend wide autonomy of the Vojvodina is true and in corresponding to the constitutional policy, what fields of the life does this autonomy include.