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Provedeno je istraživanje s ciljem ispitivanja odnosa tjelesne privlačnosti i zavisti u dijadi najboljih prijateljica, pri čemu je jedna ispitanica procjenjivala sebe i svoju najbolju prijateljicu na upitnicima tjelesne privlačnosti i zavisti. Pomoću APIM modela međuovisnosti (Actor-Partner Interdependence Model) nastojalo se ispitati aktorske i partnerske efekte samoprocjene i procjene prijateljičine fizičke privlačnosti na zavist. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 208 ispitanica mlađe odrasle dobi, u dobnom rasponu od 18 do 37 godina. Jedna od hipoteza istraživanja bila je da će ispitanice koje su procijenile svoju tjelesnu privlačnost većom pokazivati manju razinu zavisti prema najboljoj prijateljici. Tjelesna privlačnost mjerena je upitnikom Body Esteem Scale koji se sastoji od 3 faktora: seksualna privlačnost, zabrinutost zbog tjelesne težine i tjelesne kondicije. Navedena hipoteza potvrđena je samo za faktor tjelesne kondicije. Postavljena je i hipoteza da će viša procijenjena razina tjelesne privlačnosti najbolje prijateljice biti povezana s većom zavisti kod osobe koja procjenjuje, odnosno partnerski efekt procjene tjelesne privlačnosti na zavist osobe koja procjenjuje. Dobiveni su partnerski efekti suprotnog smjera od očekivanih, što znači da su dobiveni statistički značajni partnerski efekti tjelesne privlačnosti, seksualne privlačnosti i zabrinutosti zbog tjelesne težine najbolje prijateljice na zavist ispitanice, no viši rezultat procjene povezan je s nižom zavisti ispitanice prema najboljoj prijateljici. Partnerski efekti tjelesne privlačnosti i pripadnih faktora ispitanice na zavist najbolje prijateljice prema ispitanici nisu bili statistički značajni. Također, regresijskom analizom utvrđeno je da faktori tjelesne privlačnosti za ispitanicu ne objašnjavaju statistički značajan dio varijance zavisti prema najboljoj prijateljici povrh samopoštovanja i pet osnovnih karakteristika ličnosti iz modela „Big Five“., A study was conducted with the aim of examining the relationship between physical attractiveness and envy in a dyad of best friends, with one respondent assessing herself and her best friend on physical attractiveness and envy questionnaires. Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was used in order to examine the actor's and partner's effects of self-assessment and assessment of a friend's physical attraction to envy. 208 female examinees aged 18 to 37 participated in this study. One hypothesis of the study was that examinees who estimated their physical attractiveness higher would show lower levels of envy towards their best friend. Physical attractiveness was measured with the Body Esteem Scale which consists of three factors: sexual attractiveness, weight concern and physical condition. Aforementioned hypothesis was confirmed only for the weight concern factor. Next hypothesis was that higher estimated level of best friends’ physical attractiveness will be related to higher level of envy of the person who estimated, which means that the partner effect of the estimate of physical attractiveness on envy level of the estimator will be confirmed. Partner effects shown were of the different direction than expected, which means that significant partner effects of best friends’ physical attractiveness, sexual attractiveness and weight concern on envy of the examinee were shown, but higher result of the estimate was related to lower levels of examinees’ envy towards her best friend. Partner effects of physical attractiveness and its factors on best friends’ envy towards examinee were not significant. Furthermore, regression analysis was conducted in order to confirm that physical attractiveness factors for examinee do not explain significant part of the envy towards best friends’ variance above self-esteem and five main personality traits from the “Big Five model”.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je provjeriti ulogu međuspolnog odabira u iskazivanju altruističnog ponašanja. Prethodna istraživanja pokazala su da su ljudi altruistični prema onima s visokom vrijednosti kao partnera, iz čega se zaključuje da altruistično ponašanje može služiti u svrhu privlačenja partnera. No dosadašnja istraživanja su zanemarila važne varijable kao što su strategija izbora partnera i socio-ekonomski status (SES) osobe kojoj je potrebna pomoć. Ovo istraživanje usmjereno je na žensko altruistično ponašanje prema muškarcima, koje je slabije istraživano od altruističnog ponašanja muškaraca prema ženama. Istraživanje je provedeno online anketom, a uzorak su činile 1522 sudionice. Zadatak sudionica bio je procijeniti namjeru altruističnog ponašanja prema muškarcima na fotografijama koji su se razlikovali s obzirom na tjelesnu privlačnost i SES (operacionaliziran odjećom). Rezultati su pokazali da žene imaju veću namjeru altruističnog ponašanja prema muškarcima visoke nego niske tjelesne privlačnosti te prema muškarcima visokog nego niskog SES-a. Efekt veće namjere altruističnog ponašanja prema visoko tjelesno privlačnim muškarcima, u odnosu na one niske tjelesne privlačnosti bio je izraženiji za sudionice s kratkoročnom strategijom izbora partnera nego za one s dugoročnom. Dobivena je zanimljiva interakcija tjelesne privlačnosti i SES-a muškaraca, a interakcija strategije izbora partnera sudionica i SES-a muškaraca je izostala. Općenito je ustanovljena značajna uloga međuspolnog odabira u altruističnom ponašanju. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inter-sexual selection in altruistic behaviour. The results of previous research show that individuals are more altruistic towards others with high mate value, suggesting that altruistic behaviour may serve as a mating signal. However, these studies neglected important variables such as mating strategy and socioeconomic status (SES) of a person in need. This study examined exclusively women’s altruistic behaviour towards men, since it is explored to a lesser extent than men’s altruistic behaviour towards women. The research was conducted online and the sample size was 1522. Participants were asked to rate the likelihood of altruistic behaviour towards men on photographs, who differed in physical attractiveness and SES (manipulated by clothing). The results show that women generally had a higher intention to help the physically attractive than unattractive men, but this effect was more pronounced for women with a short-term mating strategy. Also, men with high SES got higher scores on the altruistic behaviour intention than those with low SES. Physical attractiveness and SES yielded an interesting significant interaction, while the interaction between SES and mate strategy was insignificant. Generally, the results support the role of inter-sexual selection in altruistic behaviour.

Dosadašnjim istraživanjima utvrđeno je kako ljudi imaju tendenciju na osnovi fizičkog izgleda osobe zaključivati o njenim ostalim karakteristikama, pri čemu atraktivnijim osobama pridaju socijalno poželjnije osobine. Navedeni fenomen nazvan je stereotipom fizičke atraktivnosti. Nalazima nekih istraživanja utvrđeno je kako zapravo nije riječ o stereotipu, već fizički atraktivniji pojedinci uistinu posjeduju socijalno poželjnije osobine. Stoga, ovim istraživanjem željelo se utvrditi koliko dobro pojedinac procjenjuje ličnost drugih samo na temelju njihove fotografije, vodi li se pri tome stereotipom fizičke atraktivnosti te je li navedeni stereotip uistinu točan. Osim toga, željela se ispitati uloga vlastite atraktivnosti promatrača prilikom procjenjivanja atraktivnosti i ličnosti ciljnih osoba te kakav je odnos samoprocjena atraktivnosti i osobina ličnosti ciljnih osoba. Istraživanje je provedeno u dva dijela, pri čemu je u oba dijela za procjenjivanje ličnosti korišten Inventar ličnosti od 10 čestica (Ten-Item Personality Inventory). U prvom dijelu istraživanja, učenici su, u ulozi ciljnih osoba, procjenjivali vlastitu ličnost i atraktivnost, dok su u drugom dijelu istraživanja studenti, u ulozi promatrača, procjenjivali ličnost i atraktivnost ciljnih osoba te vlastitu atraktivnost. Rezultatima istraživanja utvrđeno je da se ljepše osobe procjenjuju društvenijima i emocionalno stabilnijima, ali da promatrači ne procjenjuju točno ličnost ciljnih osoba te da utvrđeni stereotip nije točan. Uz to, procjenjivači koji su sebe smatrali atraktivnijima i ciljne osobe su procjenjivali atraktivnijima. Povezanost između njihovih procjena vlastite atraktivnosti i osobina ličnosti ciljnih osoba nije utvrđena jednako kao ni povezanost između samoprocjena atraktivnosti i ličnosti ciljnih osoba. Previous research has shown that people tend to conclude on the basis of the physical appearance of a person about his/her other characteristics, giving the more attractive persons the socially desirable characteristics. This phenomenon is identified as a physical attractiveness stereotype. Findings of some research have shown that it is not a stereotype, but physically more attractive individuals have more socially desirable traits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how well an individual evaluates the personality of others based on their photographs, whether he or she makes judgments in accordance with the mentioned stereotype and is this stereotype true. Also, we wanted to examine the role of observer’s own physical attractiveness in assessing the physical attractiveness and personality of targets and the relationship between targets’ self-assessment of physical attractiveness and personality traits. The research was conducted in two parts, in both of which Then-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) was used to assess personality. In the first part of the research, high school students assessed their own personality and physical attractiveness as target persons, while in the second part of the research, the students assessed the personality and physical attractiveness of the targets as well as their own physical attractiveness as observers. Analysis showed that more attractive people were assessed as more socially and emotionally more stable, observers did not make accuracy personality assessment of targets and the stereotype was not true. Also, observers who had self-assessed more physically attractive, assessed targets as more physically attractive. The relationship between observers' self-assessment of attractiveness and their assessment of targets' personality was not found as

Freud (1958; prema Patzer, 1985) navodi kako je atraktivna osoba ona koja je ugodna za promatranje, no istraživanja posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća ukazuju na mnoštvo faktora u pozadini „ugodnosti“. Atraktivna osoba može biti ona koja je zdravija, plodnija te nositelj boljih gena (Singh, 1993, 1994), koja je dobra osoba (Gross i Crofton, 1977), koja izgleda kao da posjeduje osobine ličnosti koje su nam bitne u partneru (Little, Burt i Perrett, 2006) te ona koja nam subjektivno ili objektivno sliči (Newcomb, 1956). Područje psihologije interpersonalne privlačnosti i danas nema sveobuhvatnu teoriju (Finkel i Eastwick, 2015), a problem je i priroda istraživanja koja su se uglavnom provodila na muškarcima, u vezi ženske atraktivnosti (Fisher i Voracek, 2005). Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio otkriti postoje li neke specifične fizičke značajke koje žene smatraju atraktivnima na vlastitom tijelu i tijelu drugih žena, te ispitati procjenu atraktivnosti, preferirane visine i težine za različite oblike tijela, u usporedbi s težinom, visinom i oblikom vlastitog tijela. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 807 studentica heteroseksualne orijentacije, starosti od 18 do 32 godine. Sudionice su najatraktivnijim procijenile oblik „užeg pješčanog sata“ (manji ITM), a najmanje atraktivnim oblik „kruga“ (androidni). Sudionice vlastiti oblik na drugim ženama nisu procijenile najatraktivnijim, uz iznimku djevojaka oblika tijela „pješčanog sata“ i „tubularnog“ oblika (oba oblika uže verzije, perceptivno manji ITM). Utvrđene su pozitivne korelacije vlastitih visina i težina te visina i težina koje su ispitanice preferirale za ponuđene oblike. Pri tom je najveća povezanost utvrđena za najatraktivnije procijenjen oblik. Freud (1958, according to Patzer, 1985) defined attractiveness as a feeling of pleasantness one has while observing someone, but in the last couple of decades studies have indicated that there is a lot more to the phenomena. Attractive person is healthier, has a greater chance of providing an offspring and, in general, has better genes (Singh, 1993, 1994). Another factor in being considered attractive is having certain physical traits that indicate desired personality traits (Gross & Crofton, 1977), as well as being perceived a good person (Little, Burt & Perrett, 2006) or similar to the perceiver (Newcomb, 1956). That being said, the field of research of interpersonal attractiveness still lacks an adequate theory (Finkel & Eastwick, 2015). One of its main drawbacks is the fact that the studies were focused mostly on men and their perception of female attractiveness. One of the aims of this study was to discover which physical traits women consider attractive both on themselves and other women. The other was to examine the relationship between their own height, weight and body shape and favored height, weight and body shape of other women. The research was conducted on 807 Croatian college students, exclusively female, between the ages of 18 to 32. It was necessary for all the participants to be heterosexual in order to avoid the „mate selection“ process. Participants evaluated „hourglass“ shape as the most and the „circular“ shape as the least favorable one. The participants did not consider their own body shape to be the most desirable, with the exception of women with the „hourglass“ and „tubular“ body shape (both shapes were thinner versions with seemingly smaller BMI). A positive correlation between the participant's own weight and height and preferred weight and height for target body shapes was found. The correlation was highest for the „hourglass“ body shape.

Skup fizičkih značajki, odnosno fizička atraktivnost, predstavlja prvo i svima najdostupnije obilježje pojedinca. Iz tog razloga fizička obilježja imaju veliku ulogu u stvaranju dojmova i kreiranju mišljenja o nekoj osobi. Dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju kako se fizički atraktivnim pojedincima pridaje čitav niz pozitivnih osobina poput društvenosti, ekstraverzije, otvorenosti, inteligencije, ambicioznosti i sl. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi efekt fizičke atraktivnosti na procjenu različitih osobina ciljnih osoba (lakoću stjecanja prijatelja, društvenost, komunikativnost, inteligenciju, inovativnost i snalažljivost)U istraživanju su sudjelovala 93 studentaSveučilišta u Zadru (50 žena i 43 muškaraca), raspona dobi od 18 do 29 godina, dok je prosječna dob iznosila 21 godinu.Utvrđen je efekt fizičke atraktivnosti na procjenu različitih osobina ciljnih osoba. Smatra se kako atraktivnije osobe lakše stječu prijatelje, te su društvenije, komunikativnije, inteligentnije, inovativnije i snalažljivije. Utvrđene su i razlike s obzirom na spol procjenjivane osobe, s tim da su žene procijenjene društvenijima, komunikativnijima te onima koje lakše stječu prijatelje, dok se procijenjene osobine ne razlikuju s obzirom na spol procjenjivača. A set of physical features, respectively physical attractiveness, stands for the first and most available of all features of an individual. Because of that physical features have a big role in creating impressions and opinions about someone. Previous researches point out that physically attractive individuals are labeled with various positive characteristics, such as sociable, extrovert, open, intelligent, ambitious, etc.The goal of this research was to establish the effect of physical attractiveness on the evaluation of different characteristics of target individuals (how easily they make friends, sociability, communicativeness, intelligence, inovativeness and resourcefulness)In this research participated 93 students of University of Zadar (50 female and 43 male), ageing from 18 to 29, while the average age was 21.The effect of physical attractiveness on the evaluation of different characteristics of target persons has been found. Physically more attractive persons were evaluated as persons who make friends easily and as more social, communicative, intelligent, innovative and resourceful. In this research the differences in the evaluations depending on the sex of a target person were also established, the women were evaluated as more social, communicative and as if they make friends more easy than men, while the estimated characteristics do not differ according to the sex of evaluator.

Cilj ovog ispitivanja bio je utvrditi utječe li fizička atraktivnost kandidata na procjenu njihove poslovne poželjnosti i to uzimajući u obzir spol kandidata, vrstu posla, u smislu (ne)važnosti tjelesne atraktivnosti za uspješnost na tom poslu, te spol onoga tko vrednuje potencijalne kandidate. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 135 ispitanika, studenata i maturanata, od čega 84 žene i 51 muškarac u dobi od 18 do 27 godina. Prije provođenja glavnog dijela ispitivanja provedeno je predispitivanje s ciljem odabira kandidata i kandidatkinja različite razine atraktivnosti i dva spolno neutralna posla (jedan za čije je uspješno obavljanje bitan tjelesni izgled – tv-voditelj i jedan za koji tjelesni izgled nije bitan – profesor matematike). Rezultati upućuju na to da odnos tjelesne atraktivnosti i poslovne poželjnosti nije tako jednostavan, odnosno treba ga gledati u kontekstu faktora vrste posla i spola kandidata. Izbor kandidata za posao profesora matematike nije određen fizičkim izgledom, dok on utječe na izbor kandidatkinja, na način da su najpoželjnije neatraktivne kandidatkinje. Kod posla tv-voditelja, odnosno posla kod kojeg uspješnost ovisi o izgledu, s porastom atraktivnosti raste poslovna poželjnost, kako za kandidate tako i za kandidatkinje. Spol kandidata je imao bitnu ulogu prilikom vrednovanja kandidata za posao profesora matematike, pri čemu se preferiraju muškarci u odnosu na žene, dok je za posao tv-voditelja presudnu ulogu imala tjelesna atraktivnost. Muškarci i žene se slažu u procjenama neatraktivnih kandidata i kandidatkinja, no njihove procjene se razlikuju kada je riječ o prosječnima i atraktivnima. Smjer razlika je takav da su žene pozitivnije vrednovale muškarce, a muškarci žene., The aim of this study was to determine whether physical attractiveness influences the assessment of candidates’ job desirability, taking into consideration the candidate’s gender, type of work, in terms of (un)importance of physical attractiveness for success on the job, and gender of those who evaluate potential candidates. The study involved a sample of 135 subjects from the graduate and student population, of whom 84 were women and 51 men, aged 18-27. Prior to conducting the main part of the study, preliminary testing was carried out with the goal of selecting male and female candidates of different level of attractiveness and two gender neutral jobs (one whose successful performance depends on physical appearance – television presenter, and one that does not – math teacher). Results show that the relationship between attractiveness and job desirability of candidates should be viewed in the context of type of job and gender of candidates. The selection of male candidates for the job of math teacher is not determined by physical dates. It was found that the most desirable are unattractive candidates. For positions in which success depends on attractiveness, with an increase in attractiveness, the probability of selecting a candidate (male and female) also grows. Furthermore, for the job of math teacher, male candidates were preferred in relation to female, regardless of their level of attractiveness. For the selection of television presenters, attractiveness was a crucial factor. Men and women agree on estimates of unattractive male and female candidates, but their estimates vary when it comes to the average and attractive candidates. Difference is such that women more positively assess male candidates and men the opposite.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos osobina ličnosti i stereotipa fizičke privlačnosti - „Što je lijepo, to je i dobro“. U istraživanju su korišteni opisi osobina ličnosti, sastavljeni na temelju Upitnika ličnosti od 10 čestica te fotografije muške i ženske osobe. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju kako informacija o osobinama ličnosti utječe na procjenu fizičke privlačnosti. Pozitivan opis povećava procjene fizičke privlačnosti, dok ih negativan smanjuje. Rezultati pokazuju i značajnu interakciju spola procjenjivača i spola procjenjivane osobe. Ženski sudionici procjenjuju žensku osobu fizički privlačnijom nego što to čine muški sudionici. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between personality traits and physical attractiveness stereotype – „What is beautiful is good“. The study used personality descriptions that were created of Ten-Item Personality Inventory, and photographs of man and woman. The results indicate that personality traits information affects physical attractiveness ratings. Positive personality description increases targets's attractiveness ratings, whereas negative decreases it. The results also indicate significant interaction between valuators's and targets's gender. Female participants give higher attractiveness ratings for woman on photograph than men participants do.

Cilj je rada bio provjeriti postojanje stereotipa fizičke privlačnosti te ispitati sadržaj tog stereotipa u okviru petofaktorske teorije ličnosti. Točnije, u radu se provjerava postoje li razlike u procjeni podražajnih osoba (osoba koje se procjenjuju) različitog spola i različitog stupnja privlačnosti (jako privlačna lica, prosječno privlačna lica i neprivlačna lica) na pet osnovnih dimenzija ličnosti: ekstraverziji, ugodnosti, emocionalnoj stabilnosti, savjesnosti i otvorenosti. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 106 studentica čiji je zadatak bio procijeniti osobine ličnosti nepoznatih osoba s fotografija. U istraživanju je utvrđen značajan efekt stupnja privlačnosti i spola podražajnih osoba na procjenu većine obuhvaćenih dimenzija ličnosti, kao i interakcijski efekt spola i privlačnosti. Za razliku od dosadašnjih nalaza prema kojima se privlačnim osobama pridaju relativno pozitivnije osobine, u ovom je istraživanju utvrđeno da se osobe prosječne privlačnosti procjenjuju relativno najugodnijima, emocionalno najstabilnijima i najekstravertiranijima, neovisno o njihovu spolu. Neprivlačne se podražajne osobe procjenjuju najintrovertiranijima i najmanje emocionalno stabilnima te najmanje otvorenima. Interakcijski su efekti privlačnosti i spola podražajne osobe utvrđeni kod procjena ekstraverzije, emocionalne stabilnosti, savjesnosti i otvorenosti. U radu se raspravlja o složenom međuodnosu ispitanih varijabli, evolucijskim čimbenicima, kao i o drugim mogućim uzrocima ovog stereotipa., The aim of this research was to check the existence of the physical attractiveness stereotype and to examine the content of this stereotype in the context of the Big Five personality theory. Specifically, the study examined whether different levels of the physical attractiveness (very attractive faces, attractive faces and unattractive faces) and sex of target affect people’s judgment of five personality traits: extroversion, emotional stability, conscientiousness, openness and agreeableness. Participants (106 female students) judged personality traits of target faces from the photos. Results revealed that judgments of almost all investigated personality dimensions are affected by the attractiveness and sex of the target person, as well as their interaction. Contrary to previous finding on this stereotype which showed that the most positive traits were ascribed to the attractive targets, this study showed that targets of average physical attractiveness were judged as the most agreeable, emotionally stable and extraverted, regardless of their sex. Unattractive targets were assessed as the most introverted, emotionally unstable and low on openness dimension. Interactive effects of targets' physical attractiveness and gender were confirmed on the judgments of extraversion, emotional stability, conscientiousness and openness. Results are discussed in the context of complex relationships between investigated variables, evolutionary factors and other possible causes of this stereotype.

U istraživanju u kojem je sudjelovalo 325 ispitanika iz nekoliko zagrebačkih srednjih škola, provjerava se odnos između fizičke atraktivnosti i sociometrijskog statusa, te se posebice ispituje jesu li samopoštovanje i socijalna anksioznost obilježja koja mijenjaju prirodu veze između fizičke atraktivnosti i sociometrijskog statusa. Rezultati pokazuju značajnu povezanost fizičke atraktivnosti i sociometrijskog statusa. Osobe procijenjene fizički atraktivnijim imaju u skupini vršnjaka bolji socijalni status. Pored fizičke atraktivnosti, samopoštovanje žena važno je za njihov sociometrijski status, odnosno kod muškaraca je osim njihova samopoštovanja bitna i odsutnost socijalne anksioznosti. Važan nalaz ovog istraživanja upućuje na značajan moderatorski utjecaj samopoštovanja na vezu fizičke atraktivnosti i sociometrijskog statusa - ta je veza slabija kod ispitanika s visokim samopoštovanjem nego što je to slučaj kada je riječ o ispitanicima nižeg samopoštovanja, kojima je fizička atraktivnost važnija u dosezanju višeg socijalnog statusa u skupini vršnjaka., This investigation, which included 325 participants from several Zagreb high schools, studied the relationship between physical attractiveness and sociometric status, with special emphasis on whether self-respect and social anxiety are characteristics which influence the connection between physical attractiveness and sociometric status. The results revealed a significant connection between physical attractiveness and sociometric status. Persons judged to be more physically attractive enjoy a better social standing among their peers. Apart from physical attractiveness, self-respect is important to the sociometric status of women while the men also value the absence of social anxiety. An important finding of this study indicates a significant moderatory influence of self-respect on the connection of physical attractiveness and sociometric status – this connection is weaker among participants with high self-respect than is the case among those with lower self-respect, who consider physical attractiveness to be more important in the attainment of higher social status in a group of peers.