Search

Restoration of large scale (calamitous) clearings and landscape reclamation are accompanied by problems associated with the extremity of an open habitats, such as increased nutrient leaching, unfavourable microclimate and development of unwanted weeds. One of the means how to modify soil properties is a targeted use of phytomelioration species, which could also help to moderate temperature extremes of the site and to limit the development of weeds. Annual yellow lupine is an herb recommended as a green-manuring crop in forest nurseries. The aim of the paper is to evaluate potential of using yellow lupine as soil improving and sheltering crop in restoration of large clearings and in sand mine reclamations. The research was carried out on two calamitous clearings, in a reclaimed sand mine, and as a control variant also in forest nursery in 2019–2020. Row, broadcast and individual sowings of yellow lupine to woody plants were tested in various combinations. The results showed very limited potential of the lupine application on calamitous clearings but also in areas of sand mine reclamation, due to its limited growth, low competitiveness and especially high share of game damage. Benefit of yellow lupine use as a green-manuring crop in forest nurseries was supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During their evolution, plants have developed a number of mechanisms to resist biotic and abiotic stressors. Evolution is an endless process, which continues, of course, even today. In the case of crop plants, however, evolution's original contingency is replaced by targeted breeding. This is based on the same natural processes - mutagenesis, hybridization and selection. However, the classical techniques are now significantly complemented by genetic engineering methods. Based on knowledge of the molecular basis of plant stress resistance mechanisms, these processes are subsequently used to obtain new, practically- useful genotypes. The present paper is therefore aimed at explaining the biological effects of drought or salinity from the molecular level to the complex reactions of the whole organism. Subsequently, the paper illustrates various opportunities for using transgenic techniques (gene modifications, GM) for the construction of crops resistant to these stressors, explains their gene background and illustrates, in selected examples, both the history of partial research strategies, their present status and also their prospects. In addition, the paper briefly informs about a new technique of gene editing (GE) based on the mechanisms of natural repair of the plants' own genes. This precise mutagenesis has also found practical, revolutionary, applications both in human gene therapy and in effective "nature-close" breeding and plant protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Archaeologica Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)