36 results
Search Results
2. Standardizace zdola vs. shora: Jak se z Charlese III. stal Karel III.
- Author
-
Dufek, Ondřej and Beneš, Martin
- Subjects
BRITISH kings & rulers ,CZECH language ,STANDARD language ,PERSONAL names ,PHILOSOPHY of language - Abstract
The paper deals with the standardization process of the regnal name of the new King Charles III in Czech. It documents the fact that leading Czech internet media at first referred to the new king in the original form, Charles III, but very soon began to call him Karel III, using the Czech form of the English name Charles. The paper places this process into the broader context of translating foreign personal names into Czech and investigates whether European Monarchs are usually referred to by their original names or a translated form of their names in contemporary written Czech (as evidenced by the SYN corpus series). The central focus of the paper lies in the hour-by-hour detailed reconstruction of how it happened that the Czech internet media ceased quite suddenly to call the new king Charles III, beginning to call him Karel III. The paper proceeds to discuss this process in the context of language standardization theories, showing that although authorities (linguists, predominantly from the Czech Language Institute) explicitly refused to recommend ("from above") either the original, or a translated variant of the name, internet media representatives interpreted their statements in favour of the translated version and started to call the new king Karel III in Czech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Korpus OnomOs: principy a příklady aplikací.
- Author
-
Místecký, Michal, David, Jaroslav, Glogarová, Jana Davidová, and Klemensová, Tereza
- Subjects
CZECH language ,WESTERN countries ,PERSONAL names ,SUPPURATION ,CORPORA - Abstract
The study introduces OnomOs, a new corpus of Czech texts with annotation of proper names. The corpus was compiled by onomasticians from the Department of Czech Language, Faculty of Arts, University of Ostrava, and made available by the Institute of the Czech National Corpus, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague. The paper briefly discusses the content and structure of the cor- pus, the selection of texts for inclusion, and the onomastic-geographical classification of the iden- tified names. The text consists chiefly of three preparatory analyses, which focus on the most fre- quent surnames, collocations found in Western and Eastern countries in the pre-1989 period, and the declension patterns of three types of onyms. In the summary, further possibilities of onomastic corpus research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. K TERMÍNU „LIDOVÁ ETYMOLOGIE“ V ČESKÉ ONOMASTICE.
- Author
-
Dvořáková, Žaneta
- Subjects
NATURAL languages ,CZECH language ,ETYMOLOGY ,LINGUISTICS ,ONOMASTICS - Abstract
The term folk etymology is traditionally used to denote an erroneous, usually arbitrary connection of an etymologically opaque word to a word which is similar in the form or meaning but it is of different origin. Our approach is wider, we consider folk etymology as a part of folk linguistics. Folk (or also learned) etymology is one of the oldest methods of interpreting proper names and we can meet this phenomenon as early as in medieval chronicles. Folk interpretations often grow into size of etymological tales. They represent the period of the so-called pre-scientific etymology. However, folk etymology has not been replaced by scientific etymology, it is still alive and part of language users’ awareness. The term “folk etymology” was introduced by E. Förstemann in his paper Über deutsche Volksetymologie / About German Folk Etymology (1852) where he mentioned a whole range of examples for proper names. The term folk etymology coined by Förstemann was, despite some criticism, adopted into other languages including Czech. Three years later and independently of Förstemann, H. Wedgwood published a paper on what he called “false etymologies”. Similar terms actually appear in other lan)guages as well but they are considered problematic as they imply something improper. Folk etymology is sometimes treated as a non-scientific deformation of a language reality, as a misleading, deceptive preconception, which the educated scientists shall make sure to remove. F. de Saussure even supported the idea of folk etymology being something “pathological”. However, this opinion of his was frequently criticised. Nowadays, we do not perceive folk etymology as something wrong which is to be corrected. In our conception, the folk etymology is understood as a natural tendency of language users to explain foreign and opaque words as well as proper names, and to interpret, search and clarify the meaning connections even if these are not present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
5. „JMÉNO TO PŮSOBILO NA MNE ODJAKŽIVA ZVLÁŠTNÍM KOUZLEM“ – METAJAZYKOVÝ POHLED NA PROPRIA V PUBLICISTICE ČTYŘ ČESKÝCH SPISOVATELŮ.
- Author
-
Reclik, Agata
- Subjects
CZECH language ,LINGUISTIC context ,PERSONAL names ,PUBLIC spaces ,SENTIMENT analysis ,ACADEMIC dissertations ,SOCIOLINGUISTICS - Abstract
The study focuses on the use of proper names in the articles of four Czech writers: Jan Neruda (1834–1891), Svatopluk Čech (1846–1908), Karel Čapek (1890–1938), and Karel Poláček (1892–1945), who reflected not only Czech culture and society, but also the Czech language. Given their avid interest in linguistics, the aim of this paper is to analyze the authors’ linguistic takes on proper names as reflected in their art journalism (essays, feuilletons, and columns). The present analysis focuses on their opinions of, for instance, naming of public spaces, personal names (and whether they use them stereotypically), misuse of proper names in politics, and naming in advertising. Their attitudes towards the naming strategy (seen as a linguistic strategy) are always examined in the context of the dominating linguistic views of the given period (the views on the language norms in particular), from approximately the 1850s until the 1930s. This approach, combined with a literary-cultural one, allows us to cover the issue comprehensively. The study is based on the chapter of the forthcoming dissertation Language and linguistic issues and their reflection in the works of selected Czech writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Jazykový transfer u pokročilých hindských/urdských mluvčích češtiny jako druhého jazyka.
- Author
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Melnikova, Nora
- Subjects
CZECH language ,HINDI language ,MORPHOSYNTAX ,PHONOLOGY ,PHONETICS ,SECOND language acquisition ,LANGUAGE transfer (Language learning) - Abstract
This paper examines the influence of Hindi/Urdu on Czech in advanced Hindi/Urdu L1 speakers of Czech as a second language. At present, dozens of Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers enroll in Czech language courses in India every year, and thousands of Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers live in the Czech Republic and have acquired Czech at various levels of proficiency. The objective of this paper is to provide first empirically based insights for teachers of Czech as a foreign/second language to Hindi/Urdu L1-speakers in India and in the Czech Republic. This study analyzes language production of 10 Hindi/Urdu L1 speakers who have lived long-term in the Czech Republic. The analysis is based on recordings of informal conversations. The obtained linguistic data was compared with standard grammar descriptions of Hindi/Urdu and Czech in order to perform error analysis. With the help of contrastive analysis, errors caused by language transfer were identified and categorized according to the following language domains: phonetics and phonology, and morphosyntax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
7. Výsledky „forenzního” zkoumání tvorby Miloše Dokulila (k 110. výročí narození a k 20. výročí jeho úmrtí).
- Author
-
ČECHOVÁ, Marie
- Subjects
CZECH language ,SPEECH ,VOCABULARY ,LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Hiršalův referát o překládání Morgensternových Šibeničních písní.
- Author
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Sudzinová, Tereza
- Subjects
CZECH language ,HOUSING policy ,PUBLISHING ,LITERATURE translations ,GROTESQUE - Abstract
This commentated edition with an introduction presents a little-known paper on translating the grotesque lyrics of Christian Morgenstern, given by Josef Hiršal at a seminar for the Translators' Circle of the Czechoslovak Writers' Union (Kruh překladatelů při Svazu československých spisovatelů) in November 1958. It concerns the circumstances in which his translation of Gallows Songs, published by the State Publishing House for Literature, Music and Art (Státní nakladatelství krásné literatury, hudby a umění) in February 1958, originated. Bohumila Grögerová had been very much involved in this publication, and Hiršal traces the reactions of the time. The paper provides an insight into Josef Hiršal's translation workshop and, using specific examples, points out the translation issues and questions he had to deal with. Among his general topics was the discovery of the flexible possibilities of the Czech language, as well as the search for the boundary between translation and paraphrase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
9. Nad romistickým dílem Jiřího Lípy.
- Author
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Jakoubek, Marek
- Subjects
CZECH language ,ROMANIES ,POLEMICS ,LINGUISTS ,NEWSLETTERS ,PARTICIPATION - Abstract
The contribution recapitulates and appraises the work of the Czech linguist Jiří Lípa (born December 12, 1928, Sušice, Czechoslovakia - died December 24, 2020, Broadview Heights, Ohio, USA). The first part is devoted to the beginnings of Lípa's interest in the Romani language and his publications from the period before he emigrated to the USA, including the two key monographs written in Czech, Příručka cikánštiny (A Handbook of the Gypsy Language, 1963) and Cikánština v jazykovém prostředí slovenském a českém (The Gypsy Language in the Czech and Slovak Linguistic Environment, 1965). The second part describes Lípa's work in the field of Roma studies in the USA, his participation in the activities of the Gyspy Lore Society and offers a commented review of his contributions written in English. Special attention is paid to two polemics triggered by Lípa's works. First, in 1983, in the Newsletter of the Gypsy Lore Society, and the second, a decade later, in 1993 in the Nationalities Papers. The author explains Lípa's stance in these polemics and shows that his position has been rather misunderstood and misinterpreted. The final section discusses why Lípa's pioneering work in the field of Roma studies has been mostly forgotten in his motherland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
10. STŘEDOVĚKÉ TECHNOLOGIE ZPRACOVÁNÍ USNÍ.
- Author
-
Figura, Jindřich
- Subjects
TANNING (Hides & skins) ,CZECH language ,MIDDLE Ages ,HISTORICAL source material ,FUNCTIONAL analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Archeologia Technica is the property of Technical Museum in Brno and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
11. K MENÁM PRIAMEJ LÍNIE MOJMÍROVSKÉHO DOMU.
- Author
-
Pukanec, Martin
- Subjects
PERSONAL names ,INDO-European languages ,CZECH language ,SLAVIC languages ,GERMANIC languages ,ROYAL weddings ,CROWDSOURCING - Abstract
This paper deals with two names of the direct Mojmir line (Great Moravia, 9th-10th century): *Mojьměrъ/*Mojьmirъ and *Svętěpъlkъ/*Svętopъlkъ. In the paper, the author analyzes three hypotheses concerning the origin of Proto-Slavic onymic elements *-měrъ/-mirъ in the Late Proto-Slavic personal name *Mojьměrъ/*Mojьmirъ > Czech-Slovak Mojmír, attested as Moimar, Moymar ʻMojmir I, ruler of Great Moraviaʼ, and Moymir, Moymarius ʻMojmir II, ruler of Great Moraviaʼ: (1) Proto-Slavic *-měrъ < Proto-Indo-European *meh1-ro- ʻglorious, greatʼ, (2) Proto-Slavic *-měrъ < Proto-Germanic, Gothic mērs ʻgloriousʼ, Proto-Slavic *-mirъ being in both cases secondary, Proto-Slavic *-mirъ < Proto-Slavic *mirъ ʻpeace, worldʼ, Proto-Slavic *-měrъ being secondary, which is rejected, as well as two hypotheses concerning the origin of the Proto-Slavic onymic element *-pъlkъ in the Late Proto-Slavic personal name *Svętěpъlkъ/*Svętopъlkъ > Czech Svatopluk, Slovak Svätopluk, attested as Szuentiepulc, Zuentibald, Zuentebald, Sfentopulch, etc. ʻSvatopluk I, ruler of Great Moraviaʼ, and Zentobolch, Zuentibald ʻSvatopluk II, prince of Great Moraviaʼ: (1) Proto-Slavic *-pъlkъ ʻregiment, crowd, etc.ʼ < Gothic or Longobardic fulk- ʻpeople, multitude, armyʼ < Proto-Indo-European *pel- ʻfill, etc.ʼ, which is more popular, (2) Proto-Slavic *-pъlkъ ʻregiment, house [= clan], etc.ʼ (cf. Old Czech meanings and Proto-Germanic fulg- ʻto followʼ) < Proto-Indo-European *plk- ʻto stand by sb.ʼ, which is more probable. After the discussion, the first personal name is reinterpreted as *Mojiměrъ < Proto-Indo-European *moios ʻmy [regiment, house]ʼ + *meh1-ro- ʻglorious, greatʼ, and the latter one as *Svętěpъlkъ/*Svętopъlkъ < Proto-Slavic *svęt ʻglorious, greatʼ (< Proto-Indo-European *ḱwen- ʻto celebrateʼ) + Proto-Slavic *-pъlkъ ʻregiment, houseʼ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
12. ORTELOVÉ KNIHY PRAŽSKÉHO APELAČNÍHO SOUDU A JEJICH INTERPRETACE.
- Author
-
VACEK, JOSEF
- Subjects
SENTENCES (Grammar) ,CZECH language ,APPELLATE courts ,HISTORICAL source material ,QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
This paper focuses on fundamental historical source important for recognition of judicial praxis in the early modern era: Books of Sentences of Appeal Court in Prag. This court was established in 1548 and since that year were the sentences taped down to books of sentences in two language rows: czech and german. The study analyzes both the outside of the source (font, language, graphical form of the decision) and, above all, its internal structure. At the same time, some particular requirements (which included each decision) are identified, and then the possibilities of their interpretation in individual and in context are presented. The paper is based on the knowledge of dozens of ortel books across the 250 year period for which the study is written. Its contribution lies mainly in describing some general elements that touch this source. The thesis can also serve as a basis for quantitative and qualitative research in the field of early modern justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. LIDOVÉ VÝKLADY ČESKÝCH PŘÍJMENÍ.
- Author
-
Dvořáková, Žaneta
- Subjects
CZECH language ,LANGUAGE & languages ,PERSONAL names ,ETYMOLOGY ,FRENCH language - Abstract
This paper analyses 379 folk etymological interpretations and other 141 assumptions about the foreign origin of surnames, all received either by the radio programme On the Origin of Surnames, the Language Counselling Centre of the Czech Language Institute, or the information service Ask the Library. These inquiries were sent by the public along with requests for a confirmation of the suggested etymological interpre)tations of the surnames in question, or for an official (correct / scientific) explanation. The analysis shows that most often the folk etymology consists in erroneous decomposition of the name or in connecting the name with an incorrect original form, i.e. usually a familiar noun recognized in the name. The folk etymologies do not respect the word-forming structure of names. They also ignore the age and origin of the surname which they like to look for in foreign languages (especially in French, Polish, Hungarian), regardless of the origin of the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
14. Hluboké učení v automatické analýze českého textu.
- Author
-
Straková, Jana, Straka, Milan, Hajič, Jan, and Popel, Martin
- Subjects
NATURAL language processing ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,CZECH language ,DEEP learning ,COMPUTATIONAL linguistics ,AUTOMATIC classification - Abstract
The deep learning methods of artificial neural networks have seen a significant uptake in recent years, and have succeeded in overcoming and advancing the success of auto-solving tasks in many fields. The field of computational linguistics and its application offshoot, natural language processing, with classic tasks such as morphological tagging, dependency analysis, named entity recognition and machine translation, are no exception to this. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in these tasks related to the Czech language and presents completely new results in the areas of morphological marking and recognition of named entities in Czech, along with a detailed error analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
15. KOMPARACE MOŽNOSTÍ VYSOKOŠKOLSKÉHO STUDIA ZNAKOVÉHO JAZYKA V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE, V AUSTRÁLII A NA NOVÉM ZÉLANDU.
- Author
-
Valachovičová, Tereza and Hradilová, Tereza
- Subjects
SIGN language ,LANGUAGE policy ,CZECH language ,POSTSECONDARY education ,CONCEPT learning - Abstract
Copyright of Speciální Pedagogika is the property of Charles University Prague, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
16. INOVACE VÝUKY ČESKÉHO JAZYKA VE SPECIÁLNĚPEDAGOGICKÝCH SOUVISLOSTECH.
- Author
-
Eliášková, Klára and Štěpáník, Stanislav
- Subjects
CZECH language ,SPECIAL education ,TEACHERS ,CLASSROOM environment ,RESPECT ,SCHOOL children - Abstract
Copyright of Speciální Pedagogika is the property of Charles University Prague, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
17. Novotvary a internacionalismy v češtině v období pandemie covid-19.
- Author
-
ENTLOVÁ, Gabriela
- Subjects
CZECH language ,COVID-19 pandemic ,LOANWORDS ,NEW words ,ENCYCLOPEDIAS & dictionaries - Abstract
Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. ÚSPĚCH v české frazeologii.
- Author
-
TÁBORSKÁ, Karolína
- Subjects
CZECH language ,COGNITIVE analysis ,LINGUISTIC analysis ,MATERIALS analysis ,PHRASEOLOGY ,ACADEMIC dissertations ,METAPHOR - Abstract
Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Claude Kastler - představitel slavistiky a propagátor českého jazyka ve Francii.
- Author
-
Nosková, Milena
- Subjects
CZECH language ,FOREIGN language education ,ACTIVE learning ,COMPARATIVE literature ,STUDENT teaching - Abstract
Copyright of Slavica Litteraria is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Korpusová kritická analýza diskurzu: povaha, možnosti a limity (na příkladu analýzy jazykových ideologií v českém parlamentním diskurzu).
- Author
-
Dufek, Ondřej
- Subjects
CRITICAL discourse analysis ,CZECH language ,CORPORA ,CRITICAL realism - Abstract
The paper provides a thorough review of the corpus-linguistic approach to critical discourse analysis. It briefly presents the core of critical discourse analysis (CDA) and examines the possibilities of applying corpus tools to it. In the next step, critical commentaries on CDA are summarized and at the same time, possible corpus-linguistic solutions are offered. The final part offers an illustrative application of corpus-assisted CDA focusing on language ideologies in the Czech parliamentary discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
21. Percepce výslovnostních chyb učiteli českého jazyka.
- Author
-
VLČKOVÁ-MEJVALDOVÁ, Jana and ŠTĚPÁNÍK, Stanislav
- Abstract
Copyright of Bohemistyka is the property of Instytut Filologii Slowianskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. „Time to talk“ aneb Čas mluvit o tom, komu patří angličtina v české učebnici.
- Author
-
Kubrická, Jana
- Subjects
ENGLISH as a foreign language ,ENGLISH language education ,LANGUAGE research ,ENGLISH language textbooks for foreign speakers ,CZECH language ,FOREIGN language education ,TEXTBOOKS ,SOCIAL classes - Abstract
Copyright of Pedagogická Orientace is the property of Pedagogicka Orientace and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Genderově neutrální jména: současný stav a perspektivy.
- Author
-
Valdrová, Jana
- Subjects
- *
TRANSGENDER people , *NONBINARY people , *PERSONAL names , *GENDER stereotypes , *HUMAN sexuality - Abstract
Personal proper names are part of a community's language inventory. To a large extent, they verbalise gender stereotypes, expectations and norms, power relations, political circumstances, and how minorities are treated. In my paper I analyse the current socioonomastic representation of gender-neutral names in the context of naming practices in the Czech Republic. More specifically, I examine what factors might explain the decreased use of these names, which, paradoxically, differ from other names in that they have an extended functionality. From a linguistic and legal perspective I inquire into how Czech naming practices stigmatise the sexual otherness of non-binary people and trans people in Czech society. In the conclusion I set out the conditions that must be met for gender-neutral names to be freely available to the entire population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. JEŽÍŠEK JAKO POJMOVÝ KONSTRUKT A KLÍČOVÉ SLOVO ČESKÉ KULTURY. KULTURNĚLINGVISTICKÁ STUDIE.
- Author
-
VAŇKOVÁ, IRENA
- Abstract
The study of the relationship between language and culture has recently found an interesting source of inspiration in the theoretical-methodological basis of cognitive linguistics and ethnolinguistics. The paper draws on this resource, especially on the findings of J. Bartmiński's Ethnolinguistic School of Lublin and the theory of culturally key words by Anna Wierzbicka, and following the previous ethnolinguistic research of Czech Christmas, it focuses on the image of the Christmas giver Ježíšek in contemporary Czech (private and public) discourse. This image has been reconstructed based on the analysis of language data and culturally significant texts dealing with the Ježíšek topic, and also based on a survey conducted among Czechs on social networks. The objective of the analysis is to contribute to the formulation of the so-called cognitive definition connected to the Ježíšek conceptualization, and to identify some of its aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. DŮSLEDKY ROZDÍLŮ MEZI ČEŠTINOU A SLOVINŠTINOU PRO PŘEKLADATELSKOU PRAXI.
- Author
-
Šnytová, Jana
- Subjects
CZECH language ,CONTRASTIVE linguistics ,SOCIOLINGUISTICS ,TRANSLATIONS ,MORPHOSYNTAX ,LANGUAGE & languages - Abstract
In our paper we will focus on the comparison of the Czech and Slovenian languages in terms of contrastive typology. In doing so, we will only deal with such differences between the two languages that may cause translation issues, erroneous interpretation of the original text or interferences. The selected phenomena will be compared at the morphosyntactic, lexical and wordforming levels. For certain phenomena we will briefly point out the differences in terms of sociolinguistics (social and situational variability of the language) and pragmalinguistics (relation of the linguistic means and their impact on the participants in the communication). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
26. Žákovské prekoncepty jako konstitutivní prvek výuky mateřského jazyka.
- Author
-
Štěpáník, Stanislav and Slavík, Jan
- Abstract
Copyright of Pedagogická Orientace is the property of Pedagogicka Orientace and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Gender neutral proper names: current situation and perspectives
- Author
-
Jana Valdrová
- Subjects
onomastics ,genderonomastics ,proper name ,gender-neutral name ,unisex name ,genderonym ,czech language ,trans people ,Women. Feminism ,HQ1101-2030.7 - Abstract
Personal proper names are part of a community's language inventory. To a large extent, they verbalise gender stereotypes, expectations and norms, power relations, political circumstances, and how minorities are treated. In my paper I analyse the current socio-onomastic representation of gender-neutral names in the context of naming practices in the Czech Republic. More specifically, I examine what factors might explain the decreased use of these names, which, paradoxically, differ from other names in that they have an extended functionality. From a linguistic and legal perspective I inquire into how Czech naming practices stigmatise the sexual otherness of non-binary people and trans people in Czech society. In the conclusion I set out the conditions that must be met for gender-neutral names to be freely available to the entire population.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Laická stylistika.
- Author
-
Římalová, Lucie Saicová
- Published
- 2022
29. Concepts of Space, Time and Motion in Contemporary Czech
- Author
-
Lucie Saicová Římalová
- Subjects
czech language ,linguistic worldview ,motion ,space ,time ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Space, time and motion are crucial concepts in human thinking. They tend to be expressed differently in different languages and this can present difficulties for language learners. This paper summarises the basic linguistic means of expressing time, space and motion in contemporary Czech and attempts to systematise the existing linguistic research related to these topics. The analysis focuses on deictic, lexical (e.g. verbs of motion) and phrasal units and on selected grammatical categories (especially time, aspect and case) and points out specific features of a “Czech” understanding of the concepts as revealed by the given linguistic expressions. In Czech utterances, the concepts are usually interconnected, with several means connected with the concepts often appearing simultaneously. The “Czech” conceptualisation of space, time and motion is complex, but it is nevertheless organised in various ways (for example, along selected oppositions, metaphors or image schemas, using a specific categorisation of motion in verbs of motion). Furthermore, space and motion often function as a source domain for metaphors of more abstract concepts. It is suggested that this overview could provide some background for research into the use of Czech as a non-native language.
- Published
- 2020
30. Digitalizace, participace a vizualizace v historickém výzkumu: příklad krajanů v USA.
- Author
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Polách, Vladimír P.
- Subjects
DIGITAL mapping ,VOLUNTEER service ,FAMILY archives ,CZECH language ,GEOSPATIAL data ,HISTORY of archives ,WAR casualties ,ETHNICITY - Abstract
This article introduces the online project called the Database of the Czech and Slovak Americans in the Service during WWII the both a practical and theoretical framework. This text explains the author’s intentions, describes the current state of affairs, and presents details and thoughts about the project’s future development. At the beginning of the 20
th century, the United States were the home of the greatest Czech and Slovak compatriot community in the world. In 1920, two years after the birth of independent Czechoslovakia, 1 242 662 Americans claimed to be first or second generation immigrants from Czechoslovakia. Although the numbers of new immigrants plummeted in the 1920s and 1930s — mostly due to a change in the US immigration policy — the census in 1940 still registered 1 004 800 Czech and Slovak Americans (compared to approximately 15 million inhabitants in Czechoslovakia in 1930, which included more than 3 million German-speaking citizens). Many of these Americans of Czech and Slovak origins enlisted or volunteered for the military service during WWII. They can be found everywhere, from the first casualties at Pearl Harbor to the unfortunate Charles Havlat, who was shot on 7 May 1945, on Czechoslovak soil which he helped to liberate, and who is considered to be the last US casualty in the European war theatre. Unfortunately, the memory of these soldiers and veterans is fading and many of the documents and materials related to their participation in war events are endangered; especially those written in Czech (a common language in the correspondence between sons and their parents in the 1940s). Therefore, we have created the Database as an open web-based archive that utilizes one of the major cultural changes of the digital era: participation. We believe that the compatriot community in the USA could use such a tool in order to preserve not only names and events, but also materials that are often stored in family archives, but unfortunately often also destroyed or discarded. Besides the current application layer, the study also opens a discussion on the understanding of the “archive” concept in new media as a fundamental change of institutional memory itself (following Manovich, Gane and Beer, van Dijk and many other theorists of new media). To further exploit this change for the users’ benefit, we also discuss the possibility of using geospatial data and digital cartography (or, in short, the GIS), to further enhance our means to read, connect, and understand data hidden in the database. In this way, we want to connect individuals to their location in space and time during WWII. We believe that this enables us to see previously unknown or unseen processes and movements (and thus, we want to transform the understanding of a map from a static representation of the world to a fluid processing of the events, to turn a map into a narrative). Finally, we offer several other potential uses of the stored and accessible materials, including an analysis of the Czech language used among the compatriots in the 1940, spatial analysis of a change in the settlement patterns, and a qualitative analysis of the texts with a focus on the ethnicity and selfawareness of Czech and Slovak Americans. These suggestions or open topics, however, do not limit the possible uses of the data we hope to gain through the project. Digitalizace [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. K možnostem stylistického hodnocení jazykových prostředků v mluvených projevech učitelů základních škol.
- Author
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JINDRÁČEK, VÁCLAV
- Subjects
ORAL communication ,CZECH language ,LANGUAGE schools ,LANGUAGE research ,TEACHERS ,SCHOOL children - Abstract
In the present study, the author seeks to explore features peculiar to spoken language in Czech schools. For this purpose, the system of stylistic classification of linguistic items proposed by J. Homoláč and K. Mrázková is used. This system is based on an understanding of the Czech language situation as consisting of two basic sets of communicative situations: (1) everyday communication and (2) the realization of higher communicative aims. Data for the present study comprised 31 audio-recordings of classes in grades 6-9 conducted in Czech schools: the participants were 4 teachers and their pupils (aged 11-15). This material was described using the following criteria: (1) everyday communication or institutional communication, (2) the position of the linguistic item on the axis of high, medium and low style, (3) expressiveness of the linguistic item, (4) typically Bohemian or Moravian use. The analysis shows that the stylistic classification of linguistic items in these spoken texts should reflect criteria derived from the description of communication situations rather than their link to structural varieties of Czech (Standard Czech or Common Czech). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
32. Vliv nové podoby maturitní zkoušky z českého jazyka a literatury na vyučování ve výpovědích učitelů.
- Author
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Štěpáník, Stanislav
- Abstract
Copyright of Pedagogická Orientace is the property of Pedagogicka Orientace and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. KONSTRUKTIVISMUS JAKO CESTA KE ZLEPŠOVÁNÍ VÝSLEDKŮ VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ V ČESKÉM JAZYCE?
- Author
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ŠTĚPÁNÍK, STANISLAV and CHVÁL, MARTIN
- Abstract
Copyright of Studia Paedagogica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Skrytá aserce jako prostředek jazykové manipulace v současné ruské a české politické publicistice
- Author
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Gazda Jiří
- Subjects
presupposition ,covert assertion ,political linguistics ,language manipulation ,propaganda ,Russian language ,Czech language ,presupouzice ,skrytá aserce ,politická lingvistika ,jazyková manipulace ,ruský jazyk ,český jazyk - Abstract
Příspěvek je zaměřen na diskurzivní analýzu titulků a perexů vybraných textů současné ruské a české politické publicistiky, v nichž je aserce (tvrzení) a její záměna za presupozici (předpoklad) využívána jako prostředek jazykové manipulace. Cílem studie je ukázat, že skrytá aserce je spolu s nepřiměřeným používáním expresivního lexika a ironie jedním z rozpoznávacích znaků neautentické publicistiky a propagandy. The paper is focused on discursive analysis of headlines and journalistic leads of selected texts of contemporary Russian and Czech political journalism, in which assertion and its substitution for presupposition is used as a means of language manipulation. The aim of the study is to show that covert assertion, along with the disproportionate use of expressive lexic and irony, is one of the distinguishing features of non-authentic journalism and propaganda.
- Published
- 2020
35. Stereotypes of Nationalities, and Signes for Nations in the Czech Sign Language
- Author
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Břinková, Lucie, Vaňková, Irena, and Richterová, Klára
- Subjects
Czech Sign Language ,Cognitive linguistics ,český znakový jazyk ,stereotype ,stereotyp ,národnost ,ethnic group ,Czech language ,the Deaf ,český jazyk ,Kognitivní lingvistika ,Neslyšící ,nationality ,etnikum - Abstract
The methodology of exploring stereotypes in spoken languages has been described in Jerzy Bartmiński's papers in great detail.Bartmiński works with three types of data (linguistic, textual and empirical ones), which he uses to formulate a cognitive definition describing the stereotype of the explored phenomenon. This work is the first of its kind to attempt to apply this methodology to exploring ethnic stereotypes in the Czech Sign Language. Sign languages are visual-motoric by their nature and lack a written form, which brings certain difficulties when exploring textual data. Therefore, for the purpose of exploring stereotypes in these languages the aforementioned method had to be modified in numerous ways. It is especially the linguistic data which have become important here, along with the empirical ones to a certain extent. It turns out that the sought stereotypes are most frequently contained in the very form of the sign (in the so-called parameters, i.e. hand shape, location, movement etc.) or in modifications of its parameters. This is documented on ten different ethnic stereotypes in the Czech Sign Language.
- Published
- 2016
36. Standard Language with Regard to Teaching Czech as a Foreign Language
- Author
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Bulejčíková, Petra, Oliva, Karel, Hrdlička, Milan, and Škodová, Svatava
- Subjects
obecná čeština ,lingvodidaktika ,Colloquial Czech ,Czech Language ,Czech as a Foreign Language ,nespisovná čeština ,čeština jako cizí jazyk ,Didactics ,Foreigner Talk ,Standard and Nonstandard Language ,český jazyk ,stratifikace národního jazyka ,teorie spisovného jazyka ,spisovná čeština ,Spoken Language - Abstract
The dissertation analyses the stratification of Czech in terms of teaching Czech as a foreign language. The general theoretical part relates to teaching Czech as a foreign language or other foreign languages as close as possible. This part also includes the analysis of recordings of authentic communication between Czech speakers and foreigners. The findings of the analysis are subsequently applied to the sample plans of teaching units. The introductory part deals with the history and development of the theory of the standard Czech language and it also presents the attitudes held by the members of the Prague Linguistic Circle, which were published in Spisovná čeština a jazyková kultura (Czech Literary Language and Culture) in 1932. The theoretical part reflects the issue of defining the standard, mentions diglossia and presents a variety of contemporary opinions on future trends in the development of codification. In accordance with its aim, the paper lists the recommendations of benchmark descriptions for Czech as a foreign language and also describes so called Foreigner Talk, including the way foreigners are spoken to by the speakers of Czech. Furthermore, the extent to which spoken Czech is reflected upon in the instruction of Czech language for foreigners and/or teaching materials were studied....
- Published
- 2015
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