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The text presents the thesis that the emphasis on the functionality of the judiciary is the only legitimate basis on which we can impose a disciplinary sanction or some special obligation on a judge that he or she would not have as an ordinary citizen. The requirement to preserve public confidence or judicial dignity should only be given an instrumental value, which is derived from the fact that it contributes to the good functioning of the judiciary. The two concepts just mentioned are in many respects vague and, without further clarification, open up too much room for possible arbitrariness and the exertion of harmful pressure on judges. The author therefore considers the relationship between dignity and the observance of etiquette as its possible content. The text thus provides a comprehensive view of what the purpose of disciplinary and professional responsibility is and what its limits are. Ultimately, the ideas presented can be generalized and applied to other legal professions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the names of current Czech railway stations and stops. From the List of Stations and Stops, which is part of the currently valid Czech Timetable 2024, all stations and stops located on the territory of the Czech Republic were excerpted. In these names, six parts were identified: the base of the municipality name (Veselí), specifying prepositional phrase (nad Moravou 'upon the (river) Morava'), a hyphen or a space, separating the base and the prepositional phrase from the so-called distinctive part (-Milokošť), which consists of a primary distinction that can be complemented by the specifying prepositional phrase (Pardubice-Rosice nad Labem) and possibly also by a secondary distinction (Praha-Holešovice zastávka). Not all names necessarily consist of all parts; a name can consist just of the base or of the base and a specifying prepositional phrase. The paper deals with the length of these names measured by the number of characters (including spaces) in all these parts, in base + specifying prepositional phrase, distinctive part and in the complete names. Individual sections on the whole names and on each of their parts consequently present the average number of characters and the lowest and highest number of characters. Besides purely descriptive purposes, the data also have a practical, applied purpose. They can serve as a basis for typographical standardization of the currently inconsistent presentation of names on signs and in information systems at stations and stops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pravnik is the property of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of State & Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the specific relationship between the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic and the President of the Republic, who has an exceptional position in the proceedings before the Constitutional Court. Firstly, the two main proceedings, in which the President acts before the Constitutional Court, i.e. as the petitioner in the annulment proceedings and as a party or intervener in the constitutional complaint proceedings, are described. Using some of the Court's landmark decisions, the paper outlines the evolution of the unique relationship between the President and the Constitutional Court. Subsequently, the terms of office of three Czech Presidents are characterized and compared. The last part of the paper consists of an assessment of possible reasons for the development of the relationship between the President and the Constitutional Court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dermatologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Language Consultation Centre (LCC) of the Czech Language Institute has been offering telephone consultations for almost eighty years. During that time papers about the content of queries were published fairly regularly, but the interaction between callers and LCC employees was mostly disregarded (with a few recent exceptions). Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of the ways that the callers formulate their queries. For this purpose, I examined 102 language queries from 63 recordings of authentic phone calls to the LCC using the methodology of conversation analysis. In the queries I identified recurring components and divided them into seven categories based on their functions: thematizing knowledge deficit, defining the topic of the query, supporting or rejecting the solution, disclaiming authorship (of a "problematic" language form), justifying the query, providing additional information, and signalling transition to the next part of the utterance. This categorization proved that language queries are complex utterances that reflect the norms of the genre of telephone language consulting. In other words, the inquirers are well aware of what information they can present and how, and what they can expect from LCC employees in return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pravnik is the property of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of State & Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on Arthur Danto's approach to literature. One of the leading philosophers of art in the analytical philosophical tradition, Danto published on art ontology, defining art and art historicity as well as serving as an art critic for the magazine The Nation in the late phase of his career. The essence of Danto's philosophy thus lies in the visual arts, and it seems he was not interested in literature from a philosophical point of view. However, following Garry L. Hagberg, I show that Danto was not only a keen reader but also reflected on literature, its specificity, and its role. In the first part of the paper, I scrutinize what -- in Danto's view -- is a literary work of art, and I compare his position to the view of New Criticism. In the second part, I explore the often neglected dimension of Danto's philosophy of art, i.e., the spectator's emotional response to an artwork. I argue that Danto draws on works of literature to illustrate the nature of this response for the reason that they provide the basis for a deeper understanding in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Spine stabilization surgery is nowadays one of the most common spinal surgical procedures. Spinopelvic alignment is considered to be an important factor impacting the patients’ preoperative difficulties as well as the outcome of surgery. In our study, the outcomes of stabilization surgeries in patients with lumbar spine disorders were evaluated – especially in those with stenosis and spondylolisthesis, in whom the importance of sagittal parameters were assessed with respect to the patients’ clinical outcomes and difficulties. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 50 patients with lumbar spine disorders who had undergone a spine stabilization surgery for a degenerative disease – lumbar spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis between 2015 and 2017. Spino-pelvic radiological parameters and clinical parameters were evaluated using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS In 38 of 50 patients, who at the end of the follow-up period did not have the PI-LL (pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis) mismatch, i.e. PI-LL was ≤10°, a statistically significant difference in pelvic tilt (p=0.049) and sagittal vertical axis (p<0.001) was reported, which was not the case in the remaining patients of the study population. Claudication and OSWESTRY (ODI) showed no statistically significant difference. We have also compared the differences in the number of fused vertebrae and type of stabilization. A significant change was seen in the claudication parameter at 12 and 24 months after surgery (p=0.007, p=0.005), with better outcomes achieved by 360° lumbar fusion compared to posterior lumbar fusion. The improvement of VAS and ODI scores in both the groups over time (from 6.1 to 3.6 or from 6.3 to 3.5 in VAS and from 62 to 32, or from 62 to 30 in ODI) was also statistically significant (p<0.001 in both groups), while when comparing the groups against each other it was statistically insignificant. DISCUSSION The authors confirmed significant improvement in the studied clinical parameters in all groups of patients (VAS, ODI, claudication), which is consistent with the results of recently published papers. The authors also established the correlation between different radiological parameters in the studied groups. The results do not confirm the importance of the length or type of instrumentation for the clinical outcomes. This is consistent with the findings of other published manuscripts. The authors failed to confirm a significant change in clinical parameters in dependence on the matching relationship between the pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis. CONCLUSIONS Proper spinopelvic balance in patients after spinal surgery is a very important indicator of postoperative development and condition, but our cohort showed no statistically significant difference in the clinical outcomes of patients whose postoperative sagittal parameters were unsatisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing involvement of technology in civil dispute resolution inevitably raises the issue of digital court file maintenance. New technologies offer opportunities to simplify the process of maintaining and viewing court files. The aim of the presented paper is to provide a reflection on the issue of digital court files, focusing on whether our legal system allows for the implementation of digital court files and what difficulties may be associated with the implementation of digital court files. The paper concludes by stating that, although the legislation provides for the implementation of a digital court file, it is necessary to adopt specific implementing rules for the proper and efficient functioning of the digital court file. Furthermore, the issue of the system in which the digital court file will be operated needs to be resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to outline the circumstances that led France to conclude a treaty with Japan in the second half of the 19th century. The traditional historiographical approach to the issue of the opening of Japan's ports highlights the American role or Commodore Perry's mission of 1853 or analogically focuses on British, Russian, and Dutch policy in the Far East. However, France was one of the European states that had so far shown interest in Japanese ports in establishing trade relations. The paper aims to describe French activities in the Far East in relation to Japan, considering the missionary activity in the Ryukyu Islands and the actions of French admirals who attempted to open Japanese ports of their own accord in the 1840s. The core of the paper focuses on the first half of the 1850s and related French attempts to sign an agreement with Japan considering international circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Medicine / Anesteziologie a Intenzivní Medicína is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Medicine / Anesteziologie a Intenzivní Medicína is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is generally accepted that law consists of two main domains -- private and public. At the same time, there is clear scepticism about the sharp separability of these domains. The problem of distinguishing private and public law is undoubtedly also a problem of public administration and its implementation as it is possible that the public purpose will also be fulfilled by private law norms. In addition, there may be legal institutes that combine more or less the norms of public and private law, for which the designation of hybrid legal institutes seems appropriate. However, such institutes may present some difficulties associated with legal dualism. The aim of this two-part paper (within its limited scope) is to provide a basic introduction to the issue of socalled hybrid legal institutes. In the first part of the paper, besides some general background, the text presents a triad of such institutes that are applied in the context of public administration and for which some debate over their legal nature could be observed in the domestic literature. In the second part (which will be published in a future issue of the journal), the text attempts to answer the research question of how to deal with these institutes, or rather considers some basic criteria for distinguishing private and public law in the context of public administration regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how objectives of the European Union in the field of climate change affect the legal regulation of products and what impacts they also have on some connected issues. The current ecodesign legal regulation is based on the Ecodesign Directive and the particular requirements on products are then set in regulations following the Ecodesign Directive. The paper primarily focuses on the changes in ecodesign product regulation brought by the new Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation proposal. The issue of the proposed legal regulation connected with environmental claims is also addressed in the text as it is an important complement to the sustainable products legal regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on analysis of autopsy protocols from the Czech capital Prague between 1918 and 1968. The protocols were produced by the staff of institutes of forensic pathology (before 1939 there were two such institutes, later only one). Surviving collection of protocols from that period consists of 59 413 items, which likely represent a complete set of postmortem examination done in Prague. This paper will focus on protocols related to traffic accidents which will be analysed according to several categories including gender, religion, age, type of vehicle involved etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Czech immigrants in America played an important role in the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia after World War I, and even today more than one million Americans claim Czech ancestry. Czech Americans understandably kept a close eye on the young democracy in the centre of Europe during the interwar period. Their reflections are recorded primarily within regional periodicals, which, although being available at least to some extent, are still not sufficiently reflected in the academic literature. Generally, the most researched period is the “peak” of the Czechoslovak immigrant community’s activity in the US around World War I, but there are large gaps elsewhere, especially in the interwar period. The paper attempts to compare the views of Czech immigrants in America on the stock market crash in New York in the autumn of 1929. It focuses specifically on Czech periodicals published in three locations — Chicago, Nebraska, and Texas. The comparison of these three perspectives provides the opportunity to explore the perspective of Czech Americans in urban and rural areas in three different states across the United States. It also focuses on periodicals from a period that researchers have so far shown little interest in. Additionally, comparing these three locations allows for an examination of social, religious, demographic, and other differences, as the Czech immigrant community in the US has never been homogeneous, although it is often presented as such. The paper thus aims to provide a fresh perspective on one of the key moments of interwar history through the eyes of the Czech immigrant community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper draws on environmental history and applies this concept to the issue of air pollution in the Most region in the 1960s. Combustion processes had caused the air in the region to be polluted by both solid and gaseous substances, released into the air in varying amounts. What options did society have to respond to this newly recognised problem in a region that had long been used for industrial production? The paper tries to provide an answer by tracing the evolution of environmental legislation and the reactions of the media and authorities at all levels. It proposes three hypotheses, namely, (1) that the state chose to focus on economic and industrial development rather than environmental protection, (2) that it tried to centralize control of technological solutions to the air pollution problem, and (3) that it attempted to control public discourse and awareness of air quality and the factors that affected it. The results arrived at are as follows: the state did indeed choose to prioritise industrial development over environmental protection, although it had attempted to take several (mainly legislative) measures to mitigate pollution. The hypothesis that there was an attempt to centralise technological solutions to the problem and to control them was not borne out; instead, the choice of solutions (if any) was left to companies. Control of the flow of information on air pollution was minimal during the 1960s, and only changed after 1968 with what is known as Czechoslovak normalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore the forms of official and unofficial negotiation, using the rescue of the Staré Hrady castle, renovated between 1949 and 1993, as a case in point. The paper first outlines the earlier history and current situation of this monument, then the cultural and legal context, the actors and, lastly, the history of the rescue itself. It then proceeds to examine the final phase of the rescue to provide an illustrative example of a castle renovation project that was financially and ideologically supported by the regime and where the rescue went hand in hand with its cultural use, which served as an argument for the renovation in the first place. The paper discusses the forms of communication formally required for the official negotiation related to this project, as well as the informal level of the negotiation, which existed outside the written sources. It concludes that both of these negotiation levels were equally important for the preservation of the Staré Hrady castle: they were used as dictated by the situation and ultimately aimed at achieving the same goal: to preserve a cultural monument whose restoration had been considered impossible and pointless a little more than two decades earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of an object, non-superimposable on its mirror image, constitutes the phenomenon of chirality. This phenomenon is often treated as a curiosity without broader practical consequences. This paper aims to show the significant implications of chirality for chemistry and biology. Chirality is inherent to all living organisms and is essential for their function. For instance, biomolecules are composed of chiral building blocks (amino acids, monosaccharides), which are chiral and occur predominantly with one sense of handedness (homochirality of life). The explanation of the evolution of the homochirality of life therefore helps answer one of the important questions connected with the origin of life.. The paper concludes with a section devoted to current Czech stereochemical terminology. An experimental procedure describing the isolation of carvone enantiomers from natural sources is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of "democratic backsliding" is becoming a topical issue in today's international relations, with recent occurrences in various regions, including Europe. This paper examines the weakening of democracy in the Russian Federation from 2012 to 2021. The study aims to determine whether democratic elements were dismantled in Russia during this period. For this purpose, the theoretical framework by Ellen Lust and David Waldner was utilized, alongside Merkel's concept of embedded democracy. Appropriate indicators were selected to reliably reveal the deterioration in the quality of democratic institutions and processes in Russia, specifically the Freedom House index, Democracy Index, and the Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI). By employing these three indices, the study assesses whether Russia can be classified as an anchored democracy or a defective democracy. The findings, presented in the final section of the paper, indicate significant erosion of democratic practices and institutions in Russia during the observed period. This deterioration underscores a shift from an already flawed democratic structure to one that increasingly resembles an authoritarian regime. The study concludes that Russia cannot be considered an anchored democracy; rather, it exhibits numerous characteristics of a defective democracy, marked by weakened institutions and diminished political freedoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is focused on the Nazi settlement policy in Central Europe during World War II, with a focus on the displacement of inhabitants due to the creation or expansion of military training grounds. Several of these relocations took place in occupied Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Poland and played a key role in Nazi Germanization policy. In addition to the state of existing research on the topic, the paper is focused on the delineating the basic contours of these plans, which were presented by the occupiers themselves primarily as military needs of the Reich. In fact, it was one of the few Germanization plans implemented, the main process of which was to take place after the victorious war. The paper will also attempt to compare the situation in neighbouring countries and thus arrive at new directions in which further research can be directed. The forced migration flows of Czechs and Polishes and the subsequent post-war displacement of German inhabitants from Central and Eastern Europe had a major impact on the shape of the old continent in the second half of the 20th century. The impact of these migrations can still be seen today. With this analogy, we can also observe how seemingly marginal migration processes can trigger large population movements in the dicta of a big giant, in this case the Nazi eagle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the standardization process of the regnal name of the new King Charles III in Czech. It documents the fact that leading Czech internet media at first referred to the new king in the original form, Charles III, but very soon began to call him Karel III, using the Czech form of the English name Charles. The paper places this process into the broader context of translating foreign personal names into Czech and investigates whether European Monarchs are usually referred to by their original names or a translated form of their names in contemporary written Czech (as evidenced by the SYN corpus series). The central focus of the paper lies in the hour-by-hour detailed reconstruction of how it happened that the Czech internet media ceased quite suddenly to call the new king Charles III, beginning to call him Karel III. The paper proceeds to discuss this process in the context of language standardization theories, showing that although authorities (linguists, predominantly from the Czech Language Institute) explicitly refused to recommend ("from above") either the original, or a translated variant of the name, internet media representatives interpreted their statements in favour of the translated version and started to call the new king Karel III in Czech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is the mutual representation of the process of artistic writing in the memoirs of Bohumila Grögerová Můj labyrint [My Labyrinth] and in the novel Točité věty [Winding Sentences] by Daniela Hodrová, which came into existence concurrently with the two authors in close contact. Other pieces by these authors, though of different genres, may be read as an artistic dialogue as well: a dialogue with mythologies, historical figures and cultural traditions, the values and knowledge that these authors share and represent, sometimes in a similar way and sometimes in a different one, while employing narrative strategies typical both of modernist and postmodernist poetics, balancing between dream and reality, fictionality, fictionalization and authenticity. A selection of topics (language, speech, writing; individual and collective; textual subjects; myth and novel; memory and oblivion) are analyzed, and a comparison of modes of representation and their functions in the texts as related to the world of ideas of both authors is undertaken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slovo a Slovesnost is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Language Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Urbanismus a Uzemni Rozvoj is the property of Institute for Spatial Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper addresses the spelling of the Czech terms sémantickosyntaktický 'semantic-syntactic' and formálněsyntaktický 'formal-syntactic' against the background of the development of syntactic description in Czech and consists of two parts. (1) The term syntaktickosémantický in syntactic semantics of a simple sentence, which emerged as a scientific discipline only after lexical semantics, is dealt with. This branch of linguistics employs the term formálněsyntaktický for constituent dependence in simple sentences and for denoting (formal-syntactic) relationships called hypotaxis and parataxis in complex sentences. (2) In the description of complex sentences proposed by Štěpán (2013b), the term formálněsyntaktický (from formální syntax) is used to describe the behaviour of subordinators and coordinators, and the term sémantickosyntaktický (from sémantická syntax) for relationships of determination, coordination, parenthesis, apposition, and comparison. In these compound adjectives, their components are written together in Czech without a hyphen in accordance with spelling rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Klinická Farmakologie a Farmacie is the property of Solen sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role of bilingual and multilingual legal dictionaries in translation and legal communication is changing as the availability of various online resources increases. It turns out that most legal dictionaries published in the EU do not meet the standards of an ideal legal dictionary, in which linguistic data are supplemented with relevant law-related information. Furthermore, there is a strong disparity in terms of availability between dictionaries of major European languages and those of languages of limited diffusion. In the Czech context, bibliographic data indicate that a massive wave of legal lexicographic activity culminated around the year 2000. Since then, the trend has been dropping sharply. The authorship of the dictionaries, among which major European languages and Latin predominate, is almost exclusively in the hands of Czech authors. The decline of paper dictionaries does not seem to be fully compensated by online dictionaries for the time being. Yet the potential of electronic platforms for legal lexicography is considerable in terms of capacity, userfriendliness, accessibility and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to examine the functional and formal features of the construction here’s hoping. Our analysis is informed by the frameworks of construction grammar (Fried, 2010, 2013), grammaticalization (Fried, 2009; Himmelmann, 2004), subjectification (Company, 2006) and impersonalization (Siewierska, 2008). The construction seems to have developed a novel subjectified function, i.e. to express the speaker’s positive expectation while retaining a degree of tentativeness and distance. The data for the analysis was excerpted from the corpus English Web 2021 (enTenTen21). The internal and external features of the construction (e.g. the (non-)deictic function of here, fixedness, syntactic isolation, initial position) together with the overall expansion of the semantic and pragmatic context and the gradual host-class expansion suggest that the process of grammaticalization/subjectification is currently under way (cf. Fried, 2010; Company, 2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatrie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the word plesmeřisko, attested in a collection of Moravian short stories from the 19th century. This word with unclear meaning was found to be a nonce word, i.e., a word unattested in other sources. It may be an augmentative derived from the dialect word plezmero (with the original meaning ‘unbottened shirt’, hence ‘bare chest’, later used as a derogatory word especially for a disheveled, lazy woman). The word plezmero is a compound consisting of the unclear second element -mero and the first component plez-, which originates in the Czech verb plazit (se) (‘to creep, crawl’). Other dialect words with the root plez-/plaz- are explored in a synchronic and diachronic perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the Czech paleozoological terminology of Jan Svatopluk Presl in Jungmann’s Czech-German Dictionary. It deals mainly with the entries denoting extinct Mesozoic and Tertiary reptiles and mammals and the sources from which the dictionary was drawn. In this case it is primarily Ssavectvo čili rukověť soustavná k poučení vlastnímu (‘Mammals or a systematic manual for self-instruction’) and Barona Jiřího Cuviera Rozprava o převratech kůry zemní a o proměnách v živočišstvu jimi způsobených (‘A discourse on the revolutions of the surface of the globe, and the changes thereby produced in the animal kingdom by Baron Georges Cuvier’). Czech paleozoological terminology originated as a part of Presl’s translation of Cuvier’s French work, which does not translate the international designation of prehistoric animals into French. Presl does not use calques as the dominant naming convention but works with a motivation of naming based on available archaeological knowledge. Of nineteen excerpted names, thirteen are included in Jungmann’s dictionary, nine of which have the structure of an entry in an explanatory dictionary, but no German equivalent is given. It is not currently possible to identify the rationale behind the inclusion of only some of the entries in the dictionary. Except for ryboještěr ‘fish-lizard’, none of the names of extinct creatures are used as part of present-day terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the exceeding of selected presidential powers regarding appointments in the Czech Republic. Included in the analysis were the presidential appointment powers set out in the Constitution, including the appointment of professors and rectors. All controversial cases of appointments from 1993 to 2023 involving Václav Havel, Václav Klaus, and Miloš Zeman were included in the analysis. The data collection presented 58 controversial cases, of which the author identified 19 exceeding cases. The results of this thesis provide insights into how presidential appointment powers are interpreted and how theoretical interpretation clashes with the practice of individual presidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disputes within the double-headed executive, whether concerning the appointment and removal of ministers, members of high state institutions, or even entire governments, have moved the Czech political scene in their time, but rarely have these conflicts been resolved in any other way than politically. This is why it is important to look at the not yet fully clarified relationship between the president and the government -- in terms of constitutional (and extraconstitutional) powers. The paper is primarily focused on the attempt to map the limits of certain powers, especially in the relationship between the president and the government, or between the president and the prime minister, who has a rather specific position in the Czech government. It focuses mainly on three types of disputes, namely resignation, dismissal, and appointment disputes. I then compare these with the situation in Slovakia, which is similar to the Czech Republic in its parliamentary form of government, but far from identical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses selected aspects of the countersigning of the head of state's acts and its role in defining the relation between the head of state and the government. The initial part of the paper introduces the general and theoretical background of the purpose of countersignature in constitutional law, particularly in the context of the development of the concept of an unaccountable head of state. Thereafter, the relevance of countersigning in the Czech and Czechoslovak tradition is discussed, followed by an examination of some aspects of the countersigning process in the Czech constitutional system in relation to the perception of its significance. Based on specific cases from the past three decades, the article analyses the gradual formation of understanding of the division of roles of constitutional bodies in the adoption of countersigned decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Brigid Haines's remarks on the Eastern Turn of German-speaking literature will be considered in questioning the Czech literary canon concerning what is known as migration literature. Foremost among my working analyses will be terminological differences between migration literature, the poetics of nomadism, writing between worlds, as well as general observations on switching languages and multilingualism among Czech writers. Not least, the authors under study present the difficulties for literary scholars, at least those that operate with classification systems, in allocating works of national literature in whose language or under whose conditions they have not been written. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Pneumologica et Phthiseologica is the property of TRIOS, spol. sr.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the musical work of Ludevít Procházka (1837-1888). It contains both quantitative analyses (e.g. numbers of compositions in individual forms and genres), as well as detailed description of Procházka’s works and their reception, based on the contemporary press. It also focuses on the creative periods of the artist’s life and the factors that influenced his work. It also explores the specific poets whose texts Procházka most often chose to set to music. The work also contains music samples and special attention is paid to the composer’s key compositions (e.g. Procházek’s song Kovářská for singing with piano accompaniment or the composer’s quatrain Naše probuzení). The paper concludes with an assessment of Procházka’s contribution as a composer to the Czech lands and the relevance of his work today [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the legacy of the ecclesiastical community preserved in the ecclesial memory (tradition) intended for all times, and therefore also for the "challenges of today" inscribed in the particular "signs of the times". Without a doubt, this includes the desire of western man for a content, happy, and fulfilled life in all aspects of human life. The main aim of the article is to provide the most plausible answer about the meaning of man's existence and the paths to its fulfilment not only to the believer living in a certain cultural framework, but also to everyone who asks this question. Our answer cannot help but emerge from the Trinitarian mystery, which was, still is and will always be the foundation of proclamation and of all new pastoral paths, even for the twenty-first century Church, world and man. After all, if it is true that the essence of the triune God is both universal union and unification, it is the trinitarian relational Being that establishes the foundations for a new humanity. The mystery of the divine Trinity is thus implicit in both chapters of the lecture, in which we speak of a new Christian identity, of the phenomena of "the silent God", and of the mission of practical theology as a theology of life, that is to say, a theology that makes man's encounter with God possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I focus on the emergence of ritual studies and subsequently formulate six characteristics that, in my opinion, establish their identity: a) an emphasis on being grounded in ritual theories; b) a plurality of ritual definitions; c) a wide area of application of ritual theories; d) a ritual understood as (performative) action; e) the plurality of methods; f) interdisciplinarity. Based on these characteristics of ritual studies, I deal with some aspects of their application to early Christianity. I demonstrate the benefit and innovation of this perspective on selected approaches: new viewpoints on rites of passage (DeMaris) and on the origin and development of the Eucharist (Taussig) and cognitive approaches (Uro). Finally, I address the problem of the researcher's imagination (speculative-ness) and the relationship between theories and exegesis of texts. I conclude by analysing the theory of ritual failure applied by P.-B. Smit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Media4u Magazine is the property of Ing. Jan Chromy, Ph.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Media4u Magazine is the property of Ing. Jan Chromy, Ph.D. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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