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Text deals with data mining used in libraries. It focuses on „physical“ libraries as they can use data mining in many processes but chooses its scope opposite to digital libraries where data mining has different variety in usage. This is why papers concerning digital libraries are excluded from this summarizing study. All the papers were selected based on concern with Library and Information Science and were divided into several groups. Most of the studies come from academic environment. Papers from czech and slovak environment are described separately. Time limitation for inclusion of the papers is up to year 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper examines the metadata practices of various types of memory institutions digitizing audio documents. Sound cultural heritage is not under the responsibility of any one Czech national memory institution to identify, describe, collect and preserve it, and so its digitization is carried out in different ways in different types of institutions. The theoretical basis of the present research study is the memory practices of G. C. Bowker. Through their perspective, we observe how the societal memory, represented as a digitized sound recording, is stored. Design / methodology / approach - Information on metadata practices was gathered through an online survey and from content analysis of a metadata sample. Four archives, two libraries, one museum, and one research organization participated in the research from a total of 20 contacted relevant institutions. Results - Memory institutions are building their digital collections and holdings based on two different variants of the modern concept of time. These are reflected both in their different missions and in the subsequent application of metadata practices and standards. The deterministic mechanical conception forms the computer memory regime; the transformative conception forms the database memory regime. Standards and rules for describing audio documents are as diverse as the mission of memory institutions, but again, one or the other variant of the concept of time can be identified behind them. Universal among institutions is the desire to preserve provenance information. The preservation of provenance information of the original physical media is widespread, involving in particular identification and basic description; context relating to specific features of the recording is more rarely preserved. The authenticity of digital documents does not receive much attention from memory institutions; the actual process of transformation of a digital document after digitization is unrecorded. Despite the fact that memory institutions digitize holdings primarily for research use, they do not create sufficient conditions for quality digital research. Originality / value - The paper highlights the importance of preserving provenance and contextual information about digitized sound documents, which is central not only to confirm the authenticity of the recording, but also to reconstruct historical events related to music and sound and to the establishment of the sound industry in our country. The paper also opens a perspective on the theory of memory practices that have not been introduced in the Czech environment yet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to outline the basic procedures for cataloguing standard gramophone records, focusing on publication date determination. Determining the publication date is a key (and obligatory) step which plays a major role in the correct identification and cataloguing of the sound documents included in the collections of Czech memory institutions. However, the determination of the date of publication of certain types of sound documents, such as historical gramophone records, is a challenging task. This paper presents a case study of various date determination methods and their application in cataloguing practice, using as an example the personal discothèque of R. A. Dvorský, an early 20th century popular music performer and composer, which forms part of the National Museum - Czech Museum of Music phonotheque. Design/Methodology/Approach - The collection of standard gramophone records from R. A. Dvorský's discothèque was catalogued in compliance with the RDA core elements requirements and in the MARC 21 format, based on the publication dates found on the labels of standard gramophone records and using various types of specialised sources (historical catalogues, discographies, electronic databases, reference books etc.). The paper presents examples of ways in which various resource types can be used and publication dates recorded in the catalogue system. Results - The intended outcomes are the following: 1) The application of specialized sources in the determination of standard gramophone records publication dates. 2) A case study of the cataloguing of standard gramophone records from the collections of the National Museum - Czech Museum of Music in compliance with the RDA standards in the MARC 21 format. Originality/Value - The main contribution of this paper is that it demonstrates the process of describing and cataloguing standard gramophone records included in the collections of the National Museum - Czech Museum of Music in compliance with the RDA standards in the MARC 21 format. Another benefit is the overview of ways in which various types of auxiliary sources, which are key for determining the publication dates of standard gramophone records, can be applied. These types of sources can be used by memory institutions' cataloguers and documenters for cataloguing and keeping records of standard gramophone records collections. Retrospective dating of recordings enables incomplete descriptions of sound carriers to be completed, for example within the VISK 5 (retrospective cataloguing) programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The paper presents an improved version of Mapseries - a tool developed to facilitate working with old maps in the Moravian Library. The tool is used mainly by cataloguers who are creating bibliographic records to individual sheets of extensive map series. The latest adjustments of the tool's layer meant for cataloguers have made cataloguing more efficient. Design/Methodology/Approach - The introduction presents Mapseries and points out how cataloguers can benefit from it. The main body then describes, step by step, how to use this tool from a cataloguer's point of view. Results - Mapseries is an online open-access tool which helps cataloguers standardise bibliographic records and enables them to work faster. Standardisation of bibliographic records is particularly important when working with map series; standardised metadata help find individual sheets in map series across various GLAM institutions. The layer developed for map presentation could be later used in the digital library Kramerius, which would greatly improve the search for digitised maps and thus give the public better and easier access to map collections. Originality/Value - The paper draws on an older text, which was a more general description of cataloguing tools developed in the Moravian Library. This text presents the newest extension and adjustments made in 2022 based on the cataloguers' needs and other experience gained when working with map collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Annotation practices of scholars represent one of the basic elements of research work across scientific disciplines. Compared to the practices of reading and writing texts, it is very little explored. The study is based on the formative paradigm of the HCI design and the social-cognitive paradigm of information behavior. In our research study, we present the results of examining annotation practices of scholars working with printed scientific texts. Our research focuses on human-text interaction in order to describe the cognitive work of scholars in annotating and to identify its limitations. A total of 20 scholars participated in the research. They come from the fields of humanities, social sciences and natural sciences (linguistics, psychology, geography) as well as interdisciplinary research with varying degrees of expertise - novices (doctoral students), advanced (postgraduate researchers), experts (associate professors and professors). Cognitive work was analysed during annotating scientific papers, monographs, and diploma theses. Design/Methodology/Approach - The research was carried out using the method of analysis of cognitive work. The design of the research was natural - researchers were reading texts of their own choice in their natural environment with the task of creating annotations for their further work. They were reading each type of text for 15 minutes. During the interaction with the text, they were speaking aloud about their activity. The acquired audio and video recordings were processed using verbal protocol analysis and abstraction hierarchy analysis. Results - In total, 829 basic annotation elements, corresponding to a simple act of making an annotation, were analysed using an abstraction hierarchy. A typology of annotations with 13 categories has been created based on the type and place of interaction with the text. The analysis of annotation practices has revealed patterns of co-occurrence of annotation elements, some of which occur regularly together in one combination. Annotation acts occur either in isolation or form sets of consecutive activities as traces of deepening understanding of the text. In addition to annotation acts and activities, there are also annotation practices known as meta-annotations, which are notes on already created annotations, and macro-annotations, which organise annotations across the text and serve an indicative function in the text. The obtained results of cognitive work in annotating indicate a topological tension between cognitive functions and tools used for making notes; this has impact on the design of tools for reading and taking notes on electronic scientific texts. Originality/Value - The paper provides insight into the annotation practices of scholars during their interaction with scientific texts based on empirical research. The findings can be used for designing annotation tools for electronic texts. The design of the annotation editor should prevent disruption of cognitive processes and the concentration of scholars due to refocusing their attention from the text to the selection of the annotation tool in order to perform the annotation act. Such a design will ensure direct human interaction with the text instead of interacting with the annotation editor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The aim of the paper is to analyze the current discourse on the use of digitized cultural heritage in education. It aims to describe its possible applications, especially in secondary education. The theoretical study is followed by a small-scale experimental research, which reflects the applicability of individual approaches in the development of digital educational resources for Czech high school students. Design/Methodology/Approach - The first part provides both Czech and foreign context on the educational use of digitized cultural heritage, then focuses on an overview study of texts retrieved from the Scopus database. In the second part, we describe an experimentally developed prototype of a digital educational resource based on data from both quantitative and qualitative research. Results - The result of the study consists in a critical review of the available literature dealing with use of digitized cultural heritage in education, but also in a set of principles for creating a digital educational resource that works with the digitized cultural heritage. Originality/Value - The paper provides synthesizing knowledge in a form that is easy to apply in practice. Its conclusions can help libraries, schools, or other memory institutions to create their own digital educational resources using digitized cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The study focuses on the analysis of the concept of onlife, as an approach that transcends the duality of two worlds - the world of sensory experience and the online world. It focuses on what the adoption of the concept of a single unified epistemic field brings and offers an application to information science and pedagogy. Design/Methodology/Approach - The study is theoretical, so it offers a critical discussion of the dualistic concept of "online and offline" and analyzes the impact of the concept of onlife on the philosophy of education seen from the perspective of information philosophy. It is based on phenomenological-pragmatist starting points, based mainly on the work of Martin Heidegger, Marc Johnson, John Dewey and Luciano Floridi. Results - The result of the paper is a new reflection on the concept of onlife from a perspective that is not Floridi's own, from the perspective of phenomenology and pragmatism, but also an indication of a possible combination of a philosophy of education and philosophy of information, which we integrate the concept of philosophy of education. Originality/Value - The paper offers its concept of reflection on the concept of onlife, as an essential building block in theoretical disciplines - philosophy of information, education, ontology, epistemology, as well as in specific applications of a library or school practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The paper is focused on the problems of sound carriers' preservation among museums of the Czech Republic. This theme was not enough examined yet. In the Czech Republic, it stands in the background of public interests. The paper is a research study. Design/Methodology/Approach - The research uses quantitative methodology. The survey was carried out by using the questionnaire. The recoverability of the 1078 institutions was 28%. Results - The most common sound carriers among museums are optical carriers. But there are also other types and exotic ones in the collections. These are often near their physical lifespan end. There are not all sound collections which were fully processed and because of that, there are not many details about them. Digitization stands for the key theme both the research and the paper. Nowadays, it is a mean of sound preservation, but it is also a process which is problem abundant. In case the collection is not processed, it is not possible to think about its digitization. In case it is processed, the digitization could not be carried out due to lack of funds or personnel. Originality/Value - The paper is focused on peripheral theme which was not examined in the past sufficiently. Based on the research of sound carriers among museums of Czech Republic, there are problems identified. It is necessary to point out that there is unintegrated registration of such museum institutions. This makes any research among the museums complicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper deals with the question of finding traces of historical film sound production process in production magnetic tapes. with regards to its material manifestations. Film sound production leaves traces of its development and underlying creative processes in all of its stages. Materials that contain these traces can be used to retrospectively analyse both the development of the film work in question and the creative processes that lie behind its sound and music. Design/Methodology/Approach - As part of the research, magnetic materials, present at the Národní filmový archiv in Prague, that contain the preliminary and final versions of the film sound were analysed. Data contained on their packaging was used in a case study that describes individual types of audio carriers and their contents. Digitized tapes were used for a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the content of the materials. These case studies were further used to describe the relationship between individual generations of the film and non-film material. Quantitative and qualitative analysis is followed by an effort to modify the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) standard in order to create a conceptual model that reflects both the material heterogeneity of film production magnetic tapes and the manifestations of sound of a specific film work in all its available materials (the script, magnetic audio tapes and the film negative and prints). Results - This study presents the main historical, theoretical and practical approaches to film sound research. The text contains an overview of the types of sound recordings found on magnetic carriers connected to film sound production, their classification and distribution of the main sound elements (music, foley, dialogues). Furthermore, the study presents an analytical comparison of the expressions of creative concepts found in the soundtrack of the Czech 1970s film The Little Mermaid across all the available materials, as well as a conceptual model which connects all of the film sound archival sources. Originality/Value - Material manifestations of film sound are key to understanding the period process of film sound production. On the example of the work of Zdeněk Liška, the foremost Czech film music composer, a possible approach to understanding the historical process of sound production was modelled. The conceptual model further serves as a basis of a cataloguing module, which will be used by the Národní filmový archiv (the National Film Archive in Prague) for its emergent film catalogue. This topic is yet to be covered by the Czech scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The aim of the paper was to quantify the basic parameters of the publication activity of the Czech Republic, to compare them with the publication activities of other countries, to quantify the share of countries with a larger or smaller annual increase in documents to the Scopus database and to look for connections between the annual increase in documents and the H-index of the countries and other parameters. Design/Methodology/Approach - The data was obtained using selected indicators on the SCImago Journal & Country Rank portal, and further processed using the Excel statistical tool. Results - The creation of the Scopus database is mainly carried out by countries with a high increase in documents. In 2020, China came first in the annual increase of documents, surpassing the US for the first time since 1996. Documents by authors with affiliation to the Czech Republic account for 2.54% in all fields and 4.29% in the field of Agricultural and Biological Sciences within the EU-28 countries. Among V4 countries, the Czech Republic has the highest annual accretion of documents per year and also the largest share of document creation per capita. Originality/Value - The work is original in the way of processing the data obtained on the portal. The other benefit is the evaluation of the publication (scientific) activity of the Czech Republic and its comparison with other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- While communicating data in media, science, and education visually, we must consider that a certain percentage of recipients will be limited in their visual perception. The disadvantages of visual perception can be varied. They range from common refractive errors and colour blindness (these can be dealt with simply) to complete loss of visual perception, i.e. blindness. Blindness is still not often addressed in the data visualisation community, despite creating a significant information barrier. Design/Methodology/Approach -- The article is conceived as a conceptual one. It brings a synthesis of findings from past work and research on specific topics and presents them through the perspective of a new context -- to provide a springboard for further research. Results -- The concept paper synthesises the debates and hitherto approaches to breaking down possible visual barriers in the perception of data visualisations, examining the topic in a broader context. At the heart of this examination are questions about meaningful forms and approaches to the design of assistive technologies and their social aspects. The article argues that simple haptisation of visual sources may not be sufficient and that the social aspects of the solution must also be considered. Originality/Value -- The concept article deals with a sidelined topic of data visualization debate. Equally important, it serves as a call to action for further research into this crucial issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The paper presents the results of a qualitative study focused on the Czech libraries' situation during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely in the spring and autumn of 2020, supplemented by an overview of anti-epidemic measures concerning the libraries. It also briefly summarizes the Czech and foreign literature on the topic published so far. Design/Methodology/Approach -- Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with the aim to find out how the anti-epidemic measures influenced library services, including a comparison of the spring and autumn waves. The questions concerned print and electronic holdings and related services, educational activities, community role and library promotion. Information on anti-epidemic measures was obtained through an analysis of government documents and the electronic archive of the e-mail conference „Knihovna”. Results -- For libraries, the spring closure meant a shock, and the subsequent loosening of measures meant chaos and rapid changes, it was necessary to improvise, especially in lending services; antiepidemic measures also greatly affected the organization of educational and community events, which partially moved online. Libraries had to cope with the need for a different work organization, and at the time of closure they had to find alternative activities. The number of physical loans decreased, while the use of electronic resources increased, although this was not always a significant increase. Some positives were mentioned including the importance of libraries, the interest of readers, changes in thinking that led to the reassessment of certain processes, the development of digital services or verification of the response and adaptation to a crisis. Originality/Value -- Although articles on Czech libraries during the pandemic have been already published, mainly in the form of case studies on individual libraries or regions, but also containing the results of partial questionnaire surveys, a qualitative study of libraries has not yet appeared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The technical paper presents the recent development and extension of the Czech Geographical Bibliography online -- GEOBIBLINE. It also highlights the growing importance of analytical description within the database. In addition, it points to the collaboration of professional libraries and other institutions. Design/methodology/approach -- The paper explains how and why the GEOBIBLINE project was created. Through the reminders of the publishing activity on the main project results, it briefly maps out its entire development from 2008 to 2017. The authors also touch upon topics such as the current structure of bibliographic records in GEOBIBLINE, the number of full texts and geographic search tool for cartographic documents called MapRank search. Attention is paid to the cataloging and subject control of graphics, including the analytical description of graphics. Subsequently, the paper focuses on the growing importance of the analytical description within GEOBIBLINE and the cooperation related with the analytical bibliography of the Czech Republic - ANL. Results -- The result of this paper is the presentation of the GEOBIBLINE project in its entirety, along with the latest news on content, technology and institutional cooperation. The paper also helps to outline what the Czech geographical bibliography online can offer in collaboration with institutions and individuals. Originality/value -- All the potential users and collaborators from the professional and general public are presented with the GEOBIBLINE project with its content and technological innovations. It turns out that GEOBIBLINE can become an example of good practice not only in the creation of a bibliographic database itself and its functioning, but also in the bibliographic processing of non-traditional types of documents (old maps, vedutas, stereoscopic slides, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The presented study looks at the relationship of libraries as educational institutions that aim to form a wide group of readers. He attempts to show some sources of this socio-pedagogical practice in the First Library Act and then follows - on concrete examples and on a broader historiographical concept - the relationship of the phenomenon of mass work with the reader in the context of education of various target groups, especially young readers, workers and peasants. Design/Methodology/Approach -- The paper is based on archival research conducted by our students for many years as part of the history of specific libraries. These findings are analyzed on the basis of study of general historical sources and legislative changes. The results -- The paper follows creatively the mass work with the reader, as well as a certain socio-pedagogical project paid in the specific libraries and the legislative-value framework of these activities. Originality/Value -- The phenomenon of mass work with the reader is often studied by sociological or historiographical optics. The concept chosen combining the legislative, socio-pedagogical and historiographical regionalist concept offers new perspectives and possibilities of interpreting studied phenomena in specific libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The aim of the research was to evaluate the usability of Knihovny.cz portal and to identify potential reserves in the user interface design. It was also necessary to assess their impact on the user experience with the practical use of the portal. Design/methodology/approach - The paper describes methods and results of user testing of the portal using heuristic analysis. This analysis was realized after the first year of the portal launching and was created on the basis of ten heuristic usability rules set by Jacob Nielsen. These heuristics have been already successfully used to test a similar website. Subsequently, they were slightly modified for the specifics of the portal. The testing was carried out by four evaluators (library catalog specialists), who did not have a prior experience with Knihovny.cz portal. Results - The results of the analysis confirmed that the portal complies with the main criteria of a usable site, but also revealed some weaknesses and errors. In conclusion, the paper presents proposals to remove these errors. Originality/value - Researching the usability of Knihovny.cz using heuristic analysis has shown that this method is an appropriate tool for testing the user-friendliness of discovery systems and other similar search engines. For the development team, research results are a valuable resource in finding additional ways for the user to present a wide range of search engine features while maintaining acceptable ease of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The aim of the paper is to show the issue of sociability as one of the most difficult concoctions in theories that relate to online learning. Learning in cyberspace is a topic that is systematically explored in research, but a survey about its relation to sociability and social interactions is somewhat lacking. Design/methodology/approach - The paper initially defines the topic of online education and also tries to follow the key concepts and theories that work with it, such as connectivism, cybergetics, immersive learning, etc. It also focuses on how social interactions in the online environment can be measured and analyzed. Results - As part of the article, we demonstrate that the topic of sociability is perceived as something essential in online learning, although the eyes of classical pedagogues might seem to lead to a weakening of social relationships and interactions, from a theoretical point of view the transition from physical to digital it is rather the character of transformation, leading to other possibilities of communication and cooperation. Originality/value - At the end of the paper, we are attempting to briefly point out the phenomenon of social learning analytics, which is an approach to learning analysis associated with studying how students work in a learning environment towards more advanced data analytics tools, social network analytics, or web analytics, as the virtual learning environment is not delimited primarily by the educational tool, but has a decentralized distributed platform character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The article presents methodology and results of a survey focused on Czech fiction writers who publish their e-books without traditional publishers. Number of Czech literary fiction texts that has been published by their authors in electronic form is growing and in 2018 it probably reaches several thousand titles. The survey deals with causes that result in electronic self-publishing, analyses perception of this phenomenon by author themselves and gives insights into options and techniques employed in self-publishing and into marketing and distribution of self-published e-books. Design/methodology/approach - Qualitative research, semi-structured interview. Results - Results suggest that the primary (although not the only) factor that leads to self-publishing is rejection by a publisher. E-book form is preferred over paper form primarily due to ease of the publishing process and lower costs. Surveyed authors state that, in the future, their aim is to publish paper books with publishers and that electronic self-publishing is rather (even if not in all cases) a solution of their present problems than a deliberately chosen approach. In the process of self-publishing, surveyed authors perform the necessary activities by themselves, or, in some cases, employ family members, friends and acquaintances. There are differences regarding promotion and dissemination of published e-books: some of the authors consider these activities important, others not. The authors that actually promote their e-books primarily use freely available online tools. Some of the surveyed authors intentionally disseminate their e-books which are then available on more websites, online bookstores etc., while other authors do not consider this activity important. Originality/value - This survey is the first of its kind conducted in Czech Republic. It provides information about writer's motivations for electronic self-publishing and about writer's perceptions of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The article addresses the phenomenon of authenticity of digital documents and focuses in more detail on the issue of the authenticity of digitized books as a specific type of document. Currently there is no systematic conceptualization of the authenticity of digitized books in research literature. There are two objectives of the article. The first objective is to map the scope of the issues pertaining to authenticity in the context of the life cycle management of digitized books within an organization. For this purpose, the selected literature from the field of memory institutions is reviewed. The second and the main objective is to suggest an underlying conceptual framework for maintaining and assessing the authenticity of digitized books. Design/methodology/approach - The introduction of the article presents the concept of authenticity as a social construct developed by MacNeil and Mak. According to this concept, different authenticities of the same object may legitimately coexist depending on the perspective used. Then the archival concept of the authenticity of the digital document and the OAIS high-level framework for the digital documents' life cycle are introduced. Both resources are used as a basis for subsequent critical and conceptual analysis of literature. The analysis seeks for identifying fundamental conceptual elements pertaining to the concept of authenticity in the context of the life cycle of the digitized books. The outcomes of the analysis are the starting point for suggesting a conceptual framework for maintaining and assessing the authenticity of digitized books. This framework is based on the premise that establishing specific concept of authenticity is required for each type of document. Results - The main outcome of the paper is an underlying conceptual framework for the authenticity of digitized books. The suggested framework includes a redefinition of the concept of authenticity of the digital document, the introduction of the new term "reference object", and the specification of minimal attributes needed for expressing digitized book identity. All these components are the fundamental prerequisite for maintaining and assessing the authenticity of the digitized books. The conceptual framework implies that various approaches to the authenticity may be employed. This confirms the McNeal's and Mak's concept of legitimate co-existence of different authenticities of the same subject. Originality/value - There is still no systematic conceptualization of the authenticity of the digitized books describing all aspects and phases of the life cycle of the document in research literature. This paper presents the author's draft of an underlying conceptual framework for maintaining and assessing the authenticity of digitized books, which is unique in its complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The paper is aimed at a new interpretation of ethics of information products development in digital revolution within information ethics. Design/Methodology/Approach - The starting point is based on theoretical analyses of models of human information behavior in digital environment and analyses of perspectives of main authors of information ethics and development of information products. We emphasize ethics of development of information products as sociocultural and collaborative practices and the role of digital tools. We also mention ethical principles of research and production of information products in digital environment and digital information ethics. We apply methods of analyses and modelling of information products in the digital environment and in the context of information ethics. Results - The production of information products in digital environment is interpreted as a sociocultural information practice with ethical dimension. We determine the ethics of production and ethical problems of products development with the emphasis on values of information, collaboration and visualization. We propose the analysis of values and value-sensitive and participatory design of information products. Originality/Value - We present a new conceptual model of information products in the context of digital information ethics, including new components of intuition, verification, collaboration and context linking. We present proposals for development of information products with the inclusion of ethical factors and cultivation of the ethical awareness of authors and information professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The paper we will attempt to outline the possibilities of using Google Analytics and Smartlook, as two tools for web analytics in the educational context, to point out the possibilities and the limits of such an approach and its relation to learning analytics as such. Measurement and analysis of web courses brings a lot of interesting possibilities, both towards redesign and innovation (data with intervention potential), as well as purely research character. Design/methodology/approach - In the introduction, we focus on the relationship between web analytics and learning analytics. Next, we'll describe Google Analytics in terms of its educational opportunities. This description is related to already existing research papers dealing with this topic. The following is a Smartolook tool that lets you create heatmaps and capture the cursor movement on a web page, which again relates to the ability to analyze student interaction with the learning material. In the last two chapters, the tools are applied to a real web course in the form of an example of each possible analytical view. Results - Using the tools above, it is not possible to perform the learning analytics as an activity leading to intervention, for example to identify problem students, but rather to find out what users of the course are studying what their technical equipment is, to reveal to some extent their learning habits and formulations behaviour in the online environment. Originality/Value - The paper primarily seeks to show how students' learning can be understood through web analytics tools. Describes the relationship between web analytics and learning analytics and, based on empirical data and literature, offers a discussion of their methodological links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The paper is a research study of information grounds of the OpenAlt conference. We chose OpenAlt as an example of Open movement conference, therefore a conference with the potential to openly share information. The theory of information grounds is suitable for exploring the unintentional and, to some extent, accidental interaction of a person with information called the information encounter which is characteristic for the phenomenon of serendipity. This type of research is difficult to plan. The purpose of the paper is to show that the conference has a accidental and unexpected acquiring of information between the conference participants and the approaching the conference as an information ground allows systematic exploration of the serendipity phenomenon in this environment. Design/methodology/approach - The main objective of the research was to find out whether information ground of the OpenAlt conference provides its visitors an opportunity to encounter information., what types of information are shared in the information ground and what the main factors affect the sharing of information. The key research method was quantitative research using questionnaire supplemented by a brief interview specifying respondents' answers. As a complementary method, observations was used. Within two days, 170 participants of the OpenAlt conference were approached via a questionnaire and a short interview. The topic of the interviews was the acquiring and sharing of information that took place outside the lecture halls. The quantitative analysis of the collected data was used to evaluate the results, as well as the content analysis of short inteviews. Results - The results of the research confirmed the conclusions of the previous studies of the information grounds carried out by K. Fisher and colleagues. Additionally, besides the key factors influencing the quality of information grounds such as atmosphere, equipment, or noise, we have found that time plays a key role in the information ground of the conference. The results show that the most informal information was gained by visitors in the coffee shop area and in the presentation stands. The topics of the acquired information in most cases concerned the IT field, as well as personal information or job opportunities and contacts. Serendipity is a phenomenon that can be traced to the conference. This is precisely why the conference is a suitable environment for deeper exploration of serendipity. Originality/Value - The uniqueness of the paper lies in its focus on conferences as an informational ground and the demonstrating the suitability of this approach for systematic research into the phenomenon of serendipity and human information encountering. Research results also show that they can be used to design and plan a conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper seeks to systematically analyze the relationship between the different interpretations of the anthropic principle and its relation to dark matter and energy. Based on this analysis, it offers its own version of the anthropic principle, as follows: "The universe has just such physical parameters as to have an intelligent observer within a certain time interval. He is able to construct rational statements about the world, adequately recognize him, but can not recognize him and see it all. Part of the phenomena is epistemically inaccessible. At cosmological level, it is dark matter and dark energy. This unavailability is necessary. If the universe were to be fully known, it would cease to exist. The ontological connection is the unrecognizable of all phenomena and the intelligent observer." The next part of the paper provides a basic reflection of this interpretation in terms of epistemology and information science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Luciano Floridi suggests building an ethics of information, replacing information ethics in terms of analysing the processes that occur in the infosphere. Its starting point is the reduction of entropy in it, which identifies definitively with the good and, on the contrary, the increase in entropy is for him a definition of evil. The study aims to point out that the ethics of information can be built not on entropy but on the dynamic complexity that we introduce in the paper. Design/Methodology/Approach - The article systematically analyses Floridi's starting points in the definition of infosphere and entropy and, based on their critical discussion, proposes - from a phenomenological-pragmatist position - an alternative approach to the ethics of information. Results - The result is the introduction of the concept of dynamic complexity as a basis for information ethics. It is based not only on the criticism of the problems associated with entropy in the infosphere. The study is based on Johnson and Lakoff, who work with corporeality as a basis for the theory of knowledge and thought. These reflections then translate into practical implementations, which are devoted to the final part of the article. Originality/Value - The article offers a proprietary concept of information ethics that allows for a more comprehensive and applied approach than Floridi's original basis in entropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The paper is aimed at analysis of benefits and limitations of the phenomenographic methodology which has been recently applied in information studies at the Department of LIS, Comenius University in Bratislava. We analyze briefly selected phenomenographic studies in information science. (Limberg et al., 2012; Bruce, 2016; Andretta, 2010; Webber et al., 2005; Diehm & Lupton, 2012; Virkus, Bagimbola, 2013 etc.). Design/Methodology/Approach - We apply a meta-analysis of studies based on dissertation theses focused on information literacy (Fázik, 2019), information ethics (Nováková, 2018) and the project of information behavior of researchers (Steinerová, 2019). The studies apply the phenomenographic methodology combined with data acquisition by semi-structured interviews, surveys, written tasks, information horizons of students. The analyses are combined with conceptual modeling and visualization of outcome conceptual spaces in final models of information literacy, information ethics and information environment of scholarly communication. Results - We present common aspects of the selected phenomenographic studies, namely relations to digital technologies, emotional background, motivation and social and situational representations. Benefits of the phenomenographic analyses are rich contexts discovering causes of problems in the topics of information literacy, information ethics, and information behavior. Limitations of the methodology are difficulties of multiple analyses and interpretations of the data, verification of outcomes, overcoming subjectivity with regard to validity of research. That is why the selected methods are usually related with other methods of research, e.g. observation, tasks and problem solving, visualization of information representations, etc. Originality - We characterized the innovative approach to phenomenographic analyses in information science. We confirmed the sociocognitive, sociotechnological and sociocultural background of information use regarding concepts of information literacy, information ethics and information behavior. Based on the analyses we present conceptual models of information interactions, digital literacy and digital ethics with the use of new knowledge of phenomenographic studies. We articulated recommendations for support of information literacy, information ethics of students and for information environment and information infrastructures of academic institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 1 July 2013 the EU Official Journal is published in electronic form through the EUR-Lex platform. Therefore, this platform is comprehensive source of authentic and non-authentic information regarding EU law. Despite this progress, that is however still not present in the Czech Republic, the EUR-Lex is facing occasional criticism because of the lack of userfriendliness and clarity. Isolated directive or other document can not be considered a legal information, but merely the legal datum. Given the specificity of the decisions of the Court of Justice of the EU, we are able to achieve communication of the resulting legal information only after linking the decision with the text of the respective directive. Therefore, access to these related documents should be extremely simple and should allow for easy orientation of the user. Currently, EUR-Lex does not provide this comfort as the case law related to its directive or regulation is displayed only by so-called celex number. In this paper we discuss the structure of celex number and the possibility to use existing XML structure maintained by EUR-Lex for automatization of some search functions. Our paper is based on the following premises:Relevant legal information includes the opinion of the advocate general, which is currently impossible to locate easily (these opinions are not present in the list of related documents). Relevant legal information is the information about existence of unresolved preliminary questions brought before the CJEU; however, this information can not be easily ascertained given the current form of displaying of the related documents. Based on existing metadata structure in which EUR-Lex operates (especially celex numbers as unique identifiers of individual documents), it is possible to automate some research operations and to fix the above mentioned shortcomings of the current search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of this paper is to prescribe efficiency rate of video categories of free access video sharing sites. As introduction to the issue will serve analysis' results of categories of free access video sharing sites (YouTube, Dailymotion, Vimeo and Metacafe). After the setting of essential categories, the paper will introduce results of qualitative research of videos' sample, using basic statistic survey to proove different features. Primary focus is to determine correct category insertion on free access video sharing sites, supportive focus is to specify the relevance of videos regarding to search query, specify the multiplicity of videos and tracking survey of users, who posted the videos. Based on precisely formulated search queries, the research sample of videos was set, those queries were the same for all four free access video sharing sites. Paper will also include author's recommendations and suggestions not only to categories of free access video sharing sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- This paper presents online tools intended to work with old maps developed in Moravian Library in Brno. Virtual map collections have improved access to old maps in the Czech Republic for general public over the last decade. These collections use more efficient search so-called "geographic" or "space-time" search. However, it is necessary to provide basic data about processed map - extent of the territory, detail level of each map, dating - and in case of map series helps also standardization of the bibliographic records. Design/methodology/approach -- The article introduces benefits of geographic search with application in online catalogues of memory institutions. It mainly describes the individual cataloging tools, which simplify processing of old maps. Results -- Described online tools allow users to easily acquire the attributes needed for geographic search - the scope of the map field and scale. BoundingBox tool is used to obtain coordinates to define the map field, Georeferencer (available online at staremapy.cz) provides more accurate georeferencing of digitalized maps. The map scale can be easily calculated with Scale Calculator tool, even though it is not written in the documents or it is expressed only graphically. The Mapseries tool guarantees uniformed record description, and therefore the searchability of individual sections of maps across different institutions. Originality/value -- These tools are based on cataloguing experiences. They do not replace cartometric analysis. They are intended as user friendly online tools to provide convenient and quick access to old maps scattered among various memory institutions in Czech Republic. The Moravian Library in Brno participated in the development of the described tools within its research and development activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises solutions for analysis and comparison of academic libraries' data. Articles from assorted electronic sources were reviewed to identify and describe various types of systems. 24 of them were discovered that fit the main specified criteria: have the possibility to compare different libraries, which serve mainly higher education institutions. In addition, each selected system needed to still be active. The research was geographically limited only to tools used in Europe, the USA, Australia, and New Zealand. An overview table with general description of the systems is attached in the Appendix. Three categories were established to classify the systems: annual statistical reports, benchmarking of quantitative data, and benchmarking of user satisfaction. A characterization of each category is provided. This paper is a result of the authors' activity in Research Seminar, a one-semester course at the Division of Information and Library Studies at the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Area libraries functioning in times of communist totalitarianism are among the topics which it is possible to pay attention from different angles. Understanding the functioning and determinants of the existence of libraries at this time is also one of the keys to the broader reflection of communism as a historical stage in the development of the Czech Republic, while at the same time enabling a better understanding of how libraries work and look today. The research study seeks to provide a wider contextual insight into the issue. Design/methodology/approach - As part of a research study with work starting points structuralist historiography - based on the study of archival materials two specific libraries in South Moravia and literary-historical interpretations of the two authors try to show some aspects of the functioning of libraries and work with the Literary Fund. We do not follow the "great history" of the entire evolution of librarianship, but by focusing on concrete examples, we try to show some plasticity of this historical period. In historiography we also use work with archival sources, interpretation and literary-historical interpretation. Results - In the text, attention is paid to libraries in Znojmo and Břeclav, using the archive research of KISK students at the Faculty of Arts. We focus primarily on events that are associated with the library as a cultural and educational institution in a certain social context, and on their work with the fund. This view is complemented by a look at two typical period figures, Vašek Káňa and Jaroslav Frey. Originality/Value - The paper offers an approach combining different research methods and creating a new space for the research of the everyday life of two selected libraries, understood in a wider literary-historical context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper introduces changes in scientific communication in context of Digital Humanities and its relationship with library science. It draws attention to the problems of building research infrastructures as described in infrastructure theories in information science, Digital Humanities, media and feminist studies, and maintenance theory. Then it presents the research infrastructure of DARIAH and the effort to create its node in the Czech Republic with an overview of selected findings on the situation of research infrastructures at the Faculty of Arts of Masaryk University, which plans to participate actively in building the local node of the DARIAH network. In conclusion, the contribution on the basis of infrastructure theories and the conducted survey describes the role of an information professional in the design, management and provision of services to the scientific community through research infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes outcomes of quantitative research that has been made among students and staff of 2nd Faculty of Medicine at Charles University and University Hospital in Motol. The main goal is to give an overview of their information behaviour as well as to find out how the users are informed about superstructural services (they are reference, search, educational, promotional and interlibrary loan services) which are offered by library itself. The paper compares information behaviour of each user, superstructural services use, social sites use, and evaluation of information literacy classes. The final qualitative part of the research sums up users' suggestions and comments on particular library activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes a research conducted on bachelor and masters students of Information and library studies at Masaryk University in Brno. The main aim of the research was to analyse information habits of users of information system of Masaryk University. We focused our research so that the results could serve to design training for new students, who will work with the information system of Masaryk University. We describe the users' information habits, which are observable during users work with the system. We divided them into two segments-habits when logging in and out, so we focused on the issue of information security. And then on the features and applications of the system that have an impact on the effectiveness of study. If we describe these users' habits, we can understand, which problem users have and point out to functions and options of the system that could prevent these problems. This report contains a theoretical introduction, it explains the context of the research and there are mentioned some similar researches. Next there are the methodological progresses approximated, results interpreted and in the conclusion there are the strengths and weaknesses discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the meaning and use of online social networks by the Czech policy-making institutions representing the executive, legislative and judicial power as well as independent, state-established bodies. While using methods of descriptive qualitative analysis and interpretative quantitative analysis, the paper examines whether the possibilities of social networks are generally used, and how the state institutions work with them. Secondary, it also determines whether the communication of public institutions on the online social networks is used in more unidirectional or bidirectional way -- as the second possibility is often mentioned as one of the advantages of the new media. The research therefore analyses how this possibility is fulfilled by the selected public institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with qualitative - and mainly ethnographic - research of new media and, specifically, social networking site. It specifies position of this methodological approach within new media studies and concludes that qualitative methods and media ethnography should play a distinctive role in an inductive research of new media in time of social and technical change. Finally, the paper sums up some preliminary findings emerging from several qualitative researches of social networking site conducted at Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the Internet as a network of "memes". Memes in this environment cirkulate, mix, mingle with each other, and replicate. The biggest repository of memes are various blogs and online social network like Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, Twitter, Last.fm and many more. In this paper I try to describe what is the diversity of memes, which are spread, and how can be these memes classified. Another part deals with the question of how can we capture and reflect the move and behavior of memes in social media environments. One of the possible solution of this problem offers web memetics, which develops a methodology consisting of a succession of several steps that complement each other. Web memetics is created by Limor Shifman and Mike Thelwall. This methodology combines extensive web search with quantitative and qualitative analyzes, and tries to assess and identify: a) different versions of the meme, b) its online evolution and c) its impact on the Web and its presence in various languages on the Internet. In my article I will try to explain different methods of Web memetics and enhance them of knowledge of network theory and Blog ontology created by Amadeu Compos and Renate Dividino.Thanks to network theory, Blog ontology and Web memetics I decribe blogosphere and online social networks as a complex system consisting of many interrelated elements and relationships. I will try to show the various online tools that are useful for methods of Web memetics. I also will try to drow an ideal tool that could map and analyze the movement of "internet memes" in the blogosphere and online social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study deals with the identification systems based on EU standards URN:NBN. For the analysis were selected systems in Finland, Italy, the Netherlands and Germany (The German system provides services for Austria and Switzerland too). The paper analyzes the technical solutions and national diversity of individual cases implementations of the URN: NBN standard. The study in the introduction gives an overview of the identification system for digital documents and describes in detail the standard URN:NBN. The main part of the study is based on a comparison of selected categories (object of identification, participants in the system, the syntax model and the rules of system) of various national identification system, including systems ČIDLO (Czech system based on standard URN:NBN). The study aims to present the possibilities and limitations of the system using standard URN:NBN and to emphasize its role in the processes of long-term preservation and accessibility of digital documents of national cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the paradox in terms of their value added to the knowledge and testimony of the world. Special attention is placed on the physical and mathematical paradoxes that show be a good motivator change the paradigm of thinking. Paradox is not something really absurd, but it shows the path to knowledge, leading to new approaches to solving the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The core of the European Union is made up of individual institutions. These institutions have their own libraries, which significantly contribute on the creation of an information policy of the EU information policy. In this paper I introduce libraries of five EU institutions (the European Commission, the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Court of Auditors). I describe their significance and function within the institution, its services and access for the user. On the example of the Central Library of the European Commission I try to demonstrate that the library serves its purpose and manages a network of libraries of the European Commission, but individual libraries in the network do not work in a uniform manner and do not cooperate too much. There is no common and centralized information strategy and policy of information resources and miss a common rules and procedures for working and functioning of the libraries. Cooperation between libraries of the EU institutions is not much better. Probably the only form of cooperation between the libraries is a network of European institutions - Eurolib - within which libraries communicates with each other and jointly promotes wider awareness of Europe and its problems. In the conclusion, I will try to suggest way how to deal with this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current bit stream data preservation practice in Web Archive of National Library of the Czech Republic is insufficient in long term. Presented paper describes steps leading to the Long Term Preservation policy for our collection. It introduces strategies, best practices and actions required for long term usability and accessibility. It also mentions accomplished actions such file format analysis, enabling us to create the collection profile. Among planned steps is designated community description, planning tools implementation and evaluation of preservation solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is of absolutely crucial role in how a person thinks, often without knowing it was explicitly aware of. The paper shows some aspects of the philosophy of language, which are screened in the special sciences. It aims to show what is the meaning of the adequacy of concepts to reality and effect of this relationship to build up the whole scientific world view. Presents both classical approaches, as well as Chomsky's universal grammar and analyzes its relationship to science and scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a conceptual model of the internal structure of information as the entity structure of the real world. The authors do not seek to define the information. They do not ask what the information is, but what is its structure. For the purpose of the design of the information structure was used the method of conceptual modeling. Therefore, there is a brief introduction to conceptual modeling in terms of computer science, and it is shown that conceptual models can be viewed as part of applied logic. The conceptual model of information is created. Subsequently a certain analogy between the conceptual model of information and FRBR model is defined. The relation of information and a subject and the dynamic aspect of information is deliberately omitted from the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to compare the number of tweets from Vodafone Company against a group of user, who speak about Vodafone in order to determine whether there is a link between the number of tweets published by Vodafone and communication volume (buzz) on Vodafone via Twitter - online social networking and microblogging service. After the initial definition of the conceptual framework of this project, where the issue of Twitter as a tool for (marketing) communication is presented and its use in the world with a focus on the Czech Republic, the results of author's quantitative research are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper Transliteracy: new perspective of information education is focused on phenomenon of transliteracy, which was not yet solved in Czech environment. In the begining, transliteracy is defined, along with description of facts leading to its origin. Themain chapter is dealing with relation of transliteracy and other literacies (computer, digital and informational). Educational side of transliteracy, libraries and transliteracy, along with practical examples is described in the final chapter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of the newspaper is filled with diverse information associated to the articles, which are supplemented by photographs or images and surrounded by advertisments. Newspaper page contains a number of references and graphic elements that intuitively guides the reader to continuation of the article or illustration. Digitized image preserves the layout of the page but thanks to new technologies and metadata formats such as METS and ALTO we can go into more depth and extract information from newspapers at the level of articles. This requires newspapers digitally "reshape" to the individual zones and then create a logical structure that can be presented together as a separate document, although an article in the paper version is surrounded by other articles and contained in a several pages. Experts in the Czech Republic created a specification of METS and ALTO format profiles that contains the logical structure of newspapers, their binding to the fulltext and the reading order of the segments forming the article. Experts from the Library of Congress, which manages most of library metadata standards including METS and ALTO, are interested in our solution. Now we are working on the official METS profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure to cite information sources used in a scientific paper is considered a violation of publication ethics and copyright. Many citation styles exist due to the different requirements of publishers. For this reason, authors have at their disposal various helpful tools in the form of reference managers to facilitate citation. Some of these reference managers use Citation Style Language (CSL). One of them is Zotero for which we optimized a CSL template for citation style ISO 690 because this style is often recommended to Czech university students writing their theses. CSL is an open and freely available programming language which is based on the markup language XML and which makes it possible to automatically format citations and bibliographic references according to a specific citation style. The CSL template has a specifically defined structure consisting of the XML declaration and the root element