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The review article of Markus Krajewski's Paper Machines: About Cards & Catalogues, 1548-1929 (Cambridge - London: MIT Press 2011) traces the conceptual history of the card catalogue while emphasizing the transformation of library catalogues from bound and printed books into systems of standardized and mobile paper slips. It focuses primarily on the influence of material conditions of knowledge production on the nature of scientific knowledge and its classification -- in this regard, it also analyzes the card catalogue system of Niklas Luhmann as an example of three-dimensional writing, in which his theory of social systems is written. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with knowledge management in organizations that distribute products on the basis of direct selling. The essential link is the distributor who sells products and services through personal sales. At the same time, these distributors have profit based on the sales of those who involved in its distribution network. This principle is called multilevel marketing (MLM). The paper identifies the elements of knowledge management that are generally found in such organizations. It is also dealing with resources and sharing of knowledge in a specific MLM organization and determines whether knowledge management is applied strategically in the corporate distribution network of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the usage of data-mining techniques as a support tool for decision making. This paper describes the mining of hidden and potentially useful information from databases using data mining methods. These methods, sometimes called as techniques for knowledge discovering, help users, mostly managers, to make qualified decisions in the organization. The aim of the process of knowledge management is not only to collect information, but to transform it into knowledge and use it in a decision-making process. The purpose of this paper was to find and evaluate the different methodological approaches appropriate for customer segmentation. Various data mining techniques were used for demonstration of customer segmentation according to their purchasing behavior within a selected hypermarket. The following techniques were used for clustering: K-means clustering method, Two Step clustering method and Self Organizing Maps. The quality of final models was evaluated by Silhouette measure. It combines the principles of clusters separation and cohesion. Data mining model was constructed from approximately 60 thousand transaction records. Only the food records were selected for the analysis. The paper also examined the effect of the number of dimensions to the clustering. The original variables were reduced into a smaller number of uncorrelated principal components. These components were used for construction of a scatter plot to check the homogeneity of clusters. The results of this analysis confirmed that the reduction of dimensionality is an useful device for the evaluation of generated clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge management and its support by modern information and communication technologies is a relatively recent but still very topical area. The knowledge has already become a critical strategic resource for business activities and further economic development of firms and whole society too. Thanks to knowledge management as well as efficient exploitation of shared corporate knowledge various firms can develop their competitive advantages more and more. In the Czech Republic the interest in knowledge management utilization is mainly connected with international firms. In this paper we wish to show on a case of a smaller Czech firm that knowledge management can be an appropriate choice also for small and medium-sized enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study presents results of literary research that summarizes approaches to the concept of aboutness in information science and gives reasons for current renewed interest in semantic questions of information and knowledge processing accompanied by efforts to develop new approaches and solutions. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part we summarize the semantic problems of content analysis. Using our own model we present the concept of aboutness which in Czech terminology lacks equivalent and is loosely expressed through the terms of topic, content, subject, meaning, theme, sense, genre. The second part reviews various opinions on the subject by the authors in the field of information science. The third part deals with the concept of aboutness in the FRSAD model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the organisational culture and the knowledge continuity in organisations. Properly set organisational culture supporting knowledge continuity helps organisations to achieve a competitive advantage. This article aims to identify the relationship between organisational culture and knowledge continuity ensuring and examines the dependency between the studied qualitative characteristics of this problematic. Data was obtained by questionnaires in organisations in the Czech and Slovak Republics and evaluated using the tools of descriptive statistics. One of the conclusions of the article is that through focused and systematic influencing of organisational culture within the organisation the required level of long-term performance of the organisation can be ensured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on finding the elements of knowledge management in schools of management thinking. Attention is first paid to the characteristics of knowledge management and its elements are subsequently searched in approaches to management have been described since the Industrial Revolution until the emergence of knowledge society. It is therefore a classic management, psychosocial approaches, process approaches and system approaches. Conclusions are presented at the end of the article in the table. Although the emergence of knowledge management is dated from about the sixties of last century, when it was defined by P. Drucker, indicating the elements we work with the knowledge to identify much earlier. It is good to know the specifics of each school of management thinking today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on finding the elements of knowledge management in schools of management thinking. Attention is first paid to the characteristics of knowledge management and its elements are subsequently searched in approaches to management have been described since the Industrial Revolution until the emergence of knowledge society. It is therefore a classic management, psychosocial approaches, process approaches and system approaches. Conclusions are presented at the end of the article in the table. Although the emergence of knowledge management is dated from about the sixties of last century, when it was defined by P. Drucker, indicating the elements we work with the knowledge to identify much earlier. It is good to know the specifics of each school of management thinking today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]