100 results on '"EPIDEMIOLOGIE"'
Search Results
2. Hidradenitis suppurativa v adolescentním věku.
- Author
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Chmelíková, Michaela and Arenbergerová, Monika
- Abstract
Copyright of Dermatologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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3. TUBERKULÓZA VE SVĚTLE SOUČASNÝCH POZNATKŮ SE ZAMĚŘENÍM NA VÝVOJ NOVÝCH VAKCÍN.
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BĚLOHLÁVEK, JAN and REZKOVÁ, BOHDANA
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MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis , *BCG vaccines , *DEVELOPMENTAL biology , *MOLECULAR biology , *NANOTECHNOLOGY , *MULTIDRUG-resistant tuberculosis - Abstract
Tuberculosis is still a major global health problem. It affects over 10 million people each year and claims over 1.5 million victims. Although it is a disease that has been with mankind for thousands of years, it is only modern technology and the development of molecular biology that have enabled to reveal and explain the often unsuspected links and truths about the causative agent, the pathogenesis of the disease and its prevention. The current favourable epidemiological situation in developed countries is due to socio-economic changes and a general improvement in the health of the population rather than to the effect of the introduction of the BCG vaccine. On the other hand, countries suffering from poverty and war are still among those with the highest morbidity and mortality from this disease. The global pandemic of HIV/AIDS infection and the gradual increase in antimicrobial resistance of the causative agent of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) have greatly complicated the situation and have forced experts to focus renewed attention on the study of the disease, its diagnosis, treatment and, above all, the search for new avenues of prevention, including the development of new vaccines. This paper presents an overview of what is known so far about the causative agent of the infection, the mode and conditions of its spread, the current epidemiological situation, the disease itself and its prevention, with an emphasis on new findings that provide incentives to rethink the experiential views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Konzumace slazených nápojů a kardiometabolické zdraví. Výsledky studie Kardiovize Brno 2030.
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Kunzova, Monika, Maranhao Neto, Geraldo A., Infante-Garcia, María M., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis, and González-Rivas, Juan P.
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WAIST circumference ,BEVERAGE consumption ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,POPULATION health ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases - Abstract
Copyright of Výživa a Potraviny is the property of Spolecnost pro Vyzivu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
5. Infekční endokarditida v Komplexním kardiovaskulárním centru FN Plzeň: charakteristika nemocných a mikrobiální spektrum.
- Author
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Brada, Martin and Rokyta, Richard
- Abstract
Aim: To assess the set of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) in Complex Cardiovascular Center (CCC) in Pilsen and evaluate changes in microbial spectrum and prognosis of patients. Methods: We used a retrospective analysis to identify 109 patients with the diagnosis of IE according to modified Duke criteria, who were hospitalised in CCC in Pilsen from May 2011 to April 2019. This eight-year time period was divided into two four-year intervals to compare the changes in the set of patients. Results: The study included 85 men and 24 women. 56 patients (51 %) had native valve endocarditis (NVE), 35 patients (32 %) had prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and 18 patients (17 %) had cardiac device related infective endocarditis (CDRIE). In the PVE group, 8 mechanical and 27 biological prosthesis (including 2 cases of IE after transcatheter aortic valve implantation – TAVI) were affected. When comparing the periods of May 2011 to April 2015 with May 2015 to April 2019, we found out a 14 % increase in the number of patients with IE. The number of patients with NVE decreased significantly (35 vs. 21, p = 0,001), while the number of patients with PVE (10 vs. 25, statistically significant, p = 0,0131) and CDRIE (6 vs. 12, statistically non-significant, p = 0,3017) increased. Staphylococcus aureus remains the dominant pathogen in NVE and CDRIE group (32 % and 33 %, respectively), while in PVE patients there were more often identified coagulase negative Staphylococci as a causative microbial agent (31 %). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 23 %, relatively lower in patients with NVE (16 %), on the contrary, significantly higher in patients with PVE (31 %) a CDRIE (28 %). Conclusion: This retrospective study confirms an increase of total incidence of infective endocarditis. The number of patients with NVE decreased significantly, while the number of patients with PVE and CDRIE increased. Patients with PVE and CDRIE also show higher mortality. The dominant pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococci and Enterococcus faecalis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Infekční komplikace po transplantaci ledviny.
- Author
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Bloudíčková, Silvie Rajnochová
- Abstract
Copyright of Urologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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7. Trendy ve výskytu klíšťové encefalitidy v ČR, přístup k onemocnění v některých evropských zemích.
- Author
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Kynčl, Jan, Orlíková, Hana, Vlčková, Iva, and Manďáková, Zdenka
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TICK-borne encephalitis ,VACCINATION coverage ,PRESCHOOL children ,AGE groups ,HEALTH insurance - Abstract
Copyright of Medicina Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
8. DUŠEVNÍ NEMOC - NEJVĚTŠÍ SVĚTOVÝ PROBLÉM, PLATÍCÍ I PRO AČR.
- Author
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Kasal, Matěj
- Abstract
Copyright of Military Medical Science Letters / Vojenské zdravotnické Listy is the property of University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
9. Plané neštovice – očkovat, či neočkovat?
- Author
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Macounová, Petra, Staňková, Adéla, and Maďar, Rastislav
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VACCINE effectiveness ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,CHICKENPOX ,CHICKENPOX vaccines ,HERPES zoster - Abstract
Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
10. VEŘEJNÉ ZDRAVOTNICTVÍ ZALOŽENÉ NA DŮKAZECH: PROČ JE DŮLEŽITÉ A ČÍM SE ODLIŠUJE OD KLINICKÉ MEDICÍNY ZALOŽENÉ NA DŮKAZECH.
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ŠPAČKOVÁ, MICHAELA, IVANOVÁ, KATEŘINA, ORLÍKOVÁ, HANA, KYNČL, JAN, and LÍČENÍK, RADIM
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EVIDENCE-based medicine , *MEDICAL personnel , *HEALTH programs , *CLINICAL medicine , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems - Abstract
The aim of the article is to summarise the main principles of evidence-based public health and to define in which particular ways it differs from evidence-based clinical medicine. The paradigm of evidence-based medicine has dominated clinical practice for 30 years. However, the evidence-based approach should also be applied in public health practice and based on a synthesis of the best available evidence, applicable theoretical models, professional experience and in-depth knowledge of a specific population, including adaptation to its preferences. Scientific argumentation should employ systematic work with data and information systems whilst evaluating large population units. The outputs are widely used in the creation of health programmes and policies. Final decisions are usually reached by consensus, so it is appropriate to get acquainted with the methodology of consensual methods. Public health professionals at all levels should be continually trained in evidence-based practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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11. Obezita jako celosvětový problém.
- Author
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Gabajová, Kristína
- Abstract
Copyright of Florence (1801-464X) is the property of Care Comm s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
12. Fakultativní respirační patogeny u dětí v kontextu protiepidemických opatření.
- Author
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Blechová, Zuzana
- Subjects
MENINGOCOCCAL infections ,CHILD patients ,VACCINATION coverage ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission - Abstract
Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
13. Komunitní purulentní meningitida.
- Author
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Džupová, Olga
- Abstract
Copyright of Neurologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
14. Onemocnění listeriózou v České republice a Evropské unii - aktuální situace a komunikace rizik.
- Author
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Špačková, M., Fabiánová, K., and Kynčl, J.
- Abstract
Background: Within the European Union (EU) listeriosis is the 5th most common foodborne disease and one of the most severe zoonosis. Risk groups for invasive listeriosis are immunocompromised, HIV positive persons, pregnant women, newborns, and elderly. Within 2009–2018 EU reports significantly increasing trend of listeriosis, especially in older than 64 years; the most common detected vehicles were mixed food, fish and fishery products, vegetables, juices, and seafood products. Reporting of the invasive listeriosis is in the most EU countries mandatory, as well as the reporting of the foodborne epidemics. Methods: We performed literature review and the descriptive analysis of human listeriosis cases in the Czech Republic (CZ) within 2010–2019. The data were extracted from the electronic national reporting system of infectious diseases (EpiDat until 2017, ISIN since 2018). Results: Within 2010–2019, 340 listeriosis cases were reported in the CZ (annual mean incidence 0.32/100 000 inhabitants). The highest age-specific incidence was recorded within the age group of 0 years old (2.13/ /100 000 inhabitants) and in older than 60 years (0.91/100 000 inhabitants). By region, the highest annual specific incidence was detected in Pilsen region (0.63/100 000 inhabitants) and Moravian-Silesian region (0.59/100 000 inhabitants). By gender, in men were reported 196 cases and 144 in women; incidence 0.38/100 000 and 0.27/100 000 inhabitants respectively. Ninety-six percent of cases were hospitalised. Altogether 70 deaths related to listeriosis were detected, of which 39 died directly for this cause (mean mortality 21%). Neither epidemics nor imported cases were reported. The seasonal occurrence was highest in the summer months. In last ten years the CZ observe rather stable trend of the disease. Conclusions: Listeriosis remains in the CZ and all EU one of the most severe infections. There is no existing vaccination therefore the only possible prevention is strict compliance with good hygiene practices by food handling and avoidance of consumption of the risky food items. The key towards effective disease prevention lies according to the World Health Organization in understanding the needs of the risk groups and finding the appropriate way how to communicate identified risks with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
15. Epidemiologie Parkinsonovy nemoci.
- Author
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Bartoníková, Tereza, Menšíková, Kateřina, Janout, Vladimír, and Kaňovský, Petr
- Abstract
Copyright of Neurologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
16. NEUROLEPTICKÝ MALIGNÍ SYNDROM (PŘEHLEDOVÝ ČLÁNEK A KAZUISTIKY).
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Češková, Eva and Ustohal, Libor
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NEUROLEPTIC malignant syndrome , *AUTONOMIC nervous system , *THERAPEUTICS , *DRUG therapy , *MUSCLE rigidity , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an antipsychotic-induced, life-threatening condition, characterized by hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, qualitative alteration of consciousness and autonomic nervous system dysregulation. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome was described early after introduction of antipsychotics into clinical practice. According the recent review the reported incidence of NMS was 0.02% to 0.03%, with a mortality rate of 5.6%. With the second-generation antipsychotics more frequently an atypical clinical picture, characterized by lower frequency and lower intensity of basal symptoms is found. The treatment includes supportive treatment and specific drug therapy. Case reports bring attention to risk factor for development of NMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
17. Global epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus circulating in healthcare system and community
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Mrázková, Pavlína, Tkadlec, Jan, and Balíková Novotná, Gabriela
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MRSA ,MSSA ,klonální struktura ,Staphylococcus aureus ,epidemiologie ,epidemiology ,clonal structure ,CA-MRSA ,HA-MRSA - Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections occurring among patients in the healthcare setting and in the community. Much attention is focused on methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA), but methicillin-sensitive strains (MSSA) also remain the main cause of infections. The epidemiology of S. aureus, especially among MRSA strains, has shown a rapid development in recent years, characterized by the appearance of epidemic lines that dominate in certain geographical areas. Molecular typing techniques have made it possible to identify the main successful lineages of MRSA and MSSA and to track their spread and report the prevalence of certain clones in the area at the same time. To understand the evolution and spread of S. aureus, as well as to deploy effective preventive measures against the spread of this dangerous pathogen, the knowledge of the S. aureus strains epidemiology is absolutely necessary. As part of the bachelor's thesis, a recent overview of the methods used for the clonal analysis of Staphylococcus aureus will first be presented. Furthermore, a literature search will be conducted with the aim of creating an overview of the dominant strains of S. aureus and MRSA circulating in the hospitals and in the community with an emphasis on the...
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- 2023
18. Epidemiology, comorbidities and quality of life in patients with psoriasis
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Hugo, Jan, Gkalpakiotis, Spyridon, Kodet, Ondřej, and Slonková, Veronika
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komorbidity ,Psoriasis ,RWD ,quality of life ,comorbidities ,Psoriáza ,epidemiologie ,epidemiology ,guselkumab ,dlouhodobá terapie ,kvalita života ,long-term therapy - Abstract
Psoriasis is a complex systemic disease included among the Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMID). Although not life-threatening in itself, it has a dramatic impact on patients' quality of life and is associated with a risk of developing a number of comorbidities. Therefore, considering that it is one of the most common chronic dermatoses, affecting more than 100 million people worldwide, the WHO has designated psoriasis as a major global health problem. The goal of the treatment is to get the disease under long-term control, to achieve the fewest visible manifestations and minimal activity of new ones, while in patients with severe psoriasis, systemic therapy is necessary. However, this has been very difficult for a long time, because conventional systemic therapies were often not sufficiently effective, and due to side effects and the need for frequent laboratory tests, they were also not appropriate for long-term administration. Nevertheless, intensive research and a better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of psoriasis have led to the development of targeted biological therapy, which represents a significant advance in both efficacy and safety. But it is a new therapy, so many questions are not yet answered, especially with newer generations of biological therapy. Therefore, our work...
- Published
- 2023
19. Vztah mezi epidemiologií a subjektivním vnímáním bolesti u pa cientů se syndromem karpálního tunelu.
- Author
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Muzikářová, S., Kryštofová, S., Ďuriš, K., and Smrčka, M.
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Introduction: The aim of this research was to determine the epidemiological factors involved in carpal tun nel syndrome (CTS) development and to determine how these factors contribute to pain symp toms as sociated with CTS. Patients and methods: A question naire survey was conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno. A total number of 93 patients, who underwent surgery for CTS between September 2015 and December of the same year, were included in the study. The patients responded to the questions related to CTS epidemiology and clinical problems. Results: CTS development was as sociated with age, gender, higher body weight, and thyroid gland dis ease. The average pain level accord ing to the visual analog scale was 6 irrespective of the presence of epidemiological factors. The severity of pain was not dependent on any of the epidemiological factors observed in our patients except for night pain which was more frequent in women (p < 0.05). There was also a more frequent weaken ing of the affected hand in women compared to men (p < 0.05). Conclusion: CTS is related to some epidemiological factors such as age, gender, higher body weight, some as sociated il lnes ses or injuries, and manual type of occupation. However, it could not be shown that any of these factors would also mean a worse subjective perception of pain, except for night pain which was more com mon in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Epidemiologie mírné kognitivní poruchy.
- Author
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Janoutová, J., Ambroz, P., Kovaľová, M., Machaczka, O., Němček, K., Zatloukalová, A., Mrázková, E., Košta, O., Hálová, A., Hosák, L., and Janout, V.
- Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional phase between cognitive changes in physiological ag ing and early dementia. The amnestic form of MCI is considered a precursor to Alzheimer's dis ease. The increas ing number of elderly persons in the population is as sociated with an increase in the prevalence of chronic dis eases includ ing cognitive impairment and subsequent dementia. Aim: The aim of this work is to describe factors infl uenc ing the decrease of cognitive functions and development of MCI and subsequent dementia. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mel litus and obesity are more frequent dur ing middle age and contribute to the risk of dementia in older age through various cerebrovascular dis eases and infl ammatory/ neurodegenerative mechanisms. At the same time, impaired cognitive function ing is associated with behavioral and psychosocial factors. The article provides an overview of potential vascular, behavioral and psychosocial risk factors for MCI and dementia. Conclusion: Knowledge of the risk factors for MCI and dementia will al low early prevention and eff ective ther apy of these serious dis eases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Epidemie hepatitidy A u dětí hospitalizovaných na Klinice dětských infekčních nemocí FN Brno od března 2016 do března 2017.
- Author
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Malá, M., Musil, V., Čapovová, I., Klapačová, L., Ciupek, R., Bednářová, J., and Krbková, L.
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the epidemy of hepatitis A in children from 0 to 18 years admitted for compulsory isolation at the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Brno, between March 2016 and March 2017 from Brno and the South Moravian Region. Methods: A retrospective study evaluated pediatric patients (0-18 years) hospitalized for hepatitis A (VHA) confirmed by the serological positivity of anti-HAV IgM antibodies. We evaluated age, sex, contact with infection, interval from the beginning of clinical symptoms to date of admission, duration of hospitalization, clinical symptoms, vaccination against VHA. Results: 61 patients (26 girls and 35 boys) were hospitalized with VHA diagnosis. The youngest patient was 12 months old, the oldest 18 years old. The mean age of patients was 6.63±4.48 years, median 6 years. The average length of hospitalization was 11.3±7.52 days. At the age of 1-3 years, 19.7% of patients were hospitalized, 27.9% at age 3-6, 31.1% at age 6-12, 21.3% at age 12-18. In 19.7% cases an inicteric form of VHA was present, in 63.9% an anicteric form, in 16.4% an inaparent form. Epidemiologically significant contact with the infection was recorded in 90.2% of cases. Contacts prevailed in the family or pre-school and school facilities. The most common symptoms were symptoms of the gastrointestinal system, icterus and subfebrilia or febrilia. The clinical course of VHA was benign, asymptomatic infections were numerous. In 98.4% of patients, the course of VHA was uncomplicated, the prolonged course with laboratory relapse was recorded in 1.6% of cases. 24.6% of patients were prophylactically vaccinated for up to one month prior admission. Conclusion: In 2016 and 2017, the largest epidemic of VHA occurred in SMR since 1989, cases from the SMR constituted a half of all cases in the Czech Republic. The anicteric form prevailed among children. The age groups represented the most in children (0-18 years) were children in pre-school and younger school age. Early vaccination of contacts is a very important precaution limiting the spread of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
22. Karcinom prostaty a sekundární prevence v ordinacích praktických lékařů.
- Author
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Z., KYSELÝ, J., ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, K., AZEEM, H., TOMÁŠKOVÁ, J., VLČKOVÁ, D., HORÁKOVÁ, and H., KOLLÁROVÁ
- Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of cancer in the Czech Republic has increasing trend. Prostate cancer has been among the most common malignant tumours in men since 2005. Testing PSA is not recognized as the official screening method, yet it's frequently used. Patients and methods: Patients were obtained from the offices of 5 collaborating general practitioners from patients registered at these practitioners between 2002 and 2014. A general practitioner evaluated medical documentation of studied patients. The focus was on the early detection of prostate cancer and selected epidemiological characteristics in total of 1,601 men. Results: The mean age of men in the prostate cancer patients was 59.5 years and the median age was 61 years. In 48 men were found higher (n = 44) or borderline (n = 4) PSA levels. Of these 48 men, 13 were diagnosed with prostate cancer based on higher PSA levels. A total of 45 newly diagnosed prostate carcinomas were studied in the study. Conclusion: In spite of the increasing incidence of prostate cancer, we can see a decrease in mortality in recent years. This may be due to more frequent testing and advancements in the therapy. At present, diagnosis of the disease, in addition to the PSA, is based on the examination of the rectum and prostate biopsy. PSA is one of the major markers in the diagnosis and control of prostate cancer therapy. An active approach to preventive examinations is also important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
23. Infantilní hemangiomy z pohledu dermatologa.
- Author
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Faberová, R., Arenberger, P., Čapková, Š., Polášková, S., Štěrba, J., Vokurková, J., Prusíková, D., and Bučková, H.
- Abstract
Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common benign tumors affecting 10-12% of infants with increased incidence in premature and immature female babies. here are three basic types - superficial, deep and mixed. Infantile hemangiomas are the result of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis dysregulation. IH differ in number, size and depth of skin and subcutaneous tissue invasion. Most hemangiomas (90%) do not require treatment, involution lasting several years occurs after intense growth phase in the first 5 to 6 months of life. In extensive segmental and deep hemagiomas growth activity persists even in the 2nd and 3rd year of life. Approximately 10 % of IH might cause serious complications. Treatment choice is individual and requires comprehensive approach. he choice is the non-selective betablocker propranolol administered at a dose of 2-3mg/kg/day for 6-7 months. Propranolol acts as a vasoconstrictor of IH capillaries, blocks vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoting vascular development and induces apoptosis (natural death of vascular cells). Treatment has to be performed in centres with experienced pediatric dermatologist, oncologist, cardiologist, radiologist and plastic surgeon. Propranolol treatment is reimbursed in 4 centres in the Czech Republic (Faculty Hospitals in Motol, Královské Vinohrady, Brno and Ostrava). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
24. Pneumonie spojené se zdravotní péčí u pacientů v intenzivní péči - optimální nastavení iniciální empirické antimikrobiální terapie: výsledky multicentrické observační studie
- Author
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Herkeľ, T.., Uvízl, R., Kolář, M., Htoutou Sedláková, M., Adamus, M., Doubravská, L., Gabrhelík, T., Pudová, V., Langová, K., Zazula, R., Řezáč, T., Moravec, M., Čermák, P., Ševčík, P., Stašek, J., Ševčíková, A., Hanslianová, M., Turek, Z., Černý, V., and Paterová, P.
- Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to obtain recent epidemiological data on hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in intensive care patients and to determine adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy. Setting: Department of Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine. Patients and methods: The prospective, multicenter, observational study assessed the spectrum of detected bacterial pathogens and their resistance to antimicrobial agents. It was compared with a reference approach to initial antibiotic therapy in early- and late-onset HAP. Results: Total 317 patients were included in the study. The final patient sample comprised 201 subjects (159 males and 42 females) with a mean age of 59.9 years. Total 260 valid samples of lower respiratory tract secretions were obtained. Early- and late-onset HAP was detected in 26 (12.9%) and 175 (87.1%) patients, respectively. A total of 22 bacterial species were identified as etiological agents, with detection rates higher that 5% being noted in only 6 of them (Klebsiella pneumoniae 20.4%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 20.0%, Escherichia coli 10.8%, Enterobacter spp. 8.1%, Staphylococcus aureus 6.2% and Burkholderia cepacia complex 5.8%). Gram-negative bacteria were most prevalent (86.1%). Patients with early-onset HAP had considerably higher prevalence of strains of Staphylococcus aureus (26.9%) and Haemophilus influenzae (15.4%). In late-onset HAP, most dominant were the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.4%). Most pathogens causing HAP (74.0%) were shown to have a unique restriction profile. Adequate initial empirical antibiotic therapy was noted in 59.7% of patients. Conclusion: The reference approach to initial empirical antibiotic therapy of early- and late-onset HAP was consistent with the spectrum of bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
25. Incidence cévní mozkové příhody v Evropě - systematická review.
- Author
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Bryndziar, T., Šedová, P., and Mikulík, R.
- Abstract
Introduction: Stroke is the third most common cause of death worldwide and accounts for a significant proportion of disability in adults. According to the available data, its incidence varies substantially across different countries. However, data from many countries, including the Czech Republic, are missing, and only estimates of dubious validity are available. The aim of this project was to provide a review of available data from population studies of stroke incidence in the European countries. Methodology: A literature search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for all articles published in English until January 2016 that studied the incidence of stroke. We selected the studies that measured stroke incidence in the European countries and met the Sudlow and Warlow criteria. The findings of these studies are presented in a tabular form. Results: The database search yielded 825 articles. After removal of duplicities and application of the selection criteria, 48 studies in total were included in the review - 20 from the Western Europe, 16 from the Southern Europe, six from the Northern Europe, and six from the Eastern Europe. The lowest incidence was found in the studies from Italy - 104/100,000 (total incidence), 101/100,000 (incidence in men), and 63/100,000 (incidence in women). The highest total incidence was in a study from Ukraine - 341/100,000, the highest incidence in men was in a study from Croatia - 282/100,000, and the highest incidence in women was in a study from Portugal - 184/100,000. Conclusion: The data about stroke incidence in Europe diff er substantially and come from studies of various quality and age. New population-based studies of stroke incidence that will adhere to the standard criteria of quality and comparability and that will measure the incidence in the entire population are required in the Central and Eastern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Epidemické modely s vakcinací a behaviorálními změnami
- Author
-
LUNGA, Petr
- Subjects
epidemie ,nemoc ,epidemic ,compartmental model ,kompartmentový model ,infekce ,behaviorální změny ,vaccination ,incidence ,behavioral changes ,infection ,epidemiologie ,AnyLogic ,epidemiology ,virus ,simulace ,vakcinace ,disease ,covid-19 ,model ,SIR model ,reproduction number ,reprodukční číslo - Abstract
Compartmental models used in mathematical epidemiology were studied in order to learn about basic principles of those models and to create new ones. First two chapters are about basic SIR model, it's history and analysis. Next chapters then contain models with behavioral changes and vaccination. Models were illustrated by simulations created in the software AnyLogic.
- Published
- 2022
27. Selected aspects of methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- Author
-
Hloch, Karel, Pávek, Petr, Souček, Miroslav, and Tomčík, Michal
- Subjects
pharmacogenetics ,personalizovaná medicína ,clinical study ,revmatoidní artritida ,epidemiologie ,rheumatoid arthritis ,metabolický syndrom ,klinická studie ,epidemiology ,farmakogentika ,metabolic syndrome ,Personalized medicine - Abstract
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Training Workplace Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Doctoral Degree Program Clinical and Social Pharmacy Candidate MSc. Karel Hloch Supervisor prof. PharmD. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Advisor assoc. prof. MUDr. Tomáš Soukup, Ph.D.; PharmD. Martin Doseděl, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Selected aspects of methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Introduction and objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease typically connected with chronic inflammation of the joints, causing their swelling and pain. The prevalence of RA is about 1% in the general population. A crucial role in higher morbidity and mortality in RA patients has been associated with increased inflammatory activity. Methotrexate (MTX), a drug with immunosuppressive activity, is the most frequent drug of choice used in RA therapy. It seems that main anti-inflammatory effect is mediated via release of purine nucleoside adenosine. The status of patients with inflammatory diseases is influenced by activation of A2a and A3 adenosine receptors. High caffeine (adenosine receptor antagonist) consumption may therefore lead to alteration of MTX treatment efficacy. 1) The aim of first study was to determine whether RA patients who had discontinued...
- Published
- 2022
28. Výskyt Eboly v Africe v letech 2016–2021 a vliv rizikového chování místních obyvatel na šíření původce onemocnění
- Author
-
Horák, Filip
- Subjects
epidemiology ,vaccination ,epidemiologie ,vakcinace ,prevention ,Ebola ,Zaire ,prevence - Abstract
Bachelor thesis provides fundamental informations about the causative agent which includes symptoms, transmission, diagnostics, treatment, prevention and impacts. Theoretic part also contains characteristics of Ebola virus epidemics since its discovery in 1976 until the end of West African epidemic in 2016. The focus of the first segment in the practical part is progress and analysis of epidemics caused by Ebola virus in years 2016–2021 in Africa. This segment also contains informations about financing and about vaccination strategy. Second segment of practical part analyzes survey realized in three african countries (Ghana, South Africa and Nigeria). Survey analyzes awarness, impacts and risky behavior of african citizens due to illnes caused by the Ebola virus.
- Published
- 2022
29. Leishmaniózy a jejich přenašeči v západní Africe
- Author
-
Hošková, Anna, Dvořák, Vít, and Sádlová, Jovana
- Subjects
parasitic diseases ,Leishmania ,přenašeči ,vectors ,epidemiologie ,epidemiology ,sand fly ,Phlebotomus - Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by sand flies. In West Africa, leishmaniasis is endemic and we distinguish cutaneous, visceral and mucocutaneous form of the disease. The most common form in this area is cutaneous leishmaniasis, which is caused by Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica and a new, as yet undescribed species Leishmania sp. from Ghana. The causative agents of visceral leishmaniasis are Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. Phlebotomus duboscqi is a confirmed vector of L. major in this region. Vectors of Leishmania sp. from Ghana and vectors of visceral leishmaniasis remain unknown in West Africa. Sand flies of the genus Sergentomyia or Culicoides biting midges are considered as potential alternative vectors in this area. The confirmed reservoir hosts of L. major in some countries are the rodents Tatera gambiana, Arvicanthis niloticus and Mastomys erythroleucus, but in most states they are not confirmed. The reservoir hosts of visceral leishmaniasis are mainly dogs. Some West African states used to be French colonies, and there are many people of African descent in France who come to visit their relatives in West Africa. This poses a risk of import of leishmaniasis to non-endemic areas. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the current knowledge about the...
- Published
- 2022
30. Vybrané aspekty léčby metotrexátem u pacientů s revmatoidní artritidou
- Author
-
Hloch, Karel, Pávek, Petr, Souček, Miroslav, and Tomčík, Michal
- Subjects
pharmacogenetics ,personalizovaná medicína ,clinical study ,revmatoidní artritida ,epidemiologie ,rheumatoid arthritis ,metabolický syndrom ,klinická studie ,epidemiology ,farmakogentika ,metabolic syndrome ,Personalized medicine ,education - Abstract
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Training Workplace Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Doctoral Degree Program Clinical and Social Pharmacy Candidate MSc. Karel Hloch Supervisor prof. PharmD. Petr Pávek, Ph.D. Advisor assoc. prof. MUDr. Tomáš Soukup, Ph.D.; PharmD. Martin Doseděl, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Selected aspects of methotrexate treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Introduction and objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease typically connected with chronic inflammation of the joints, causing their swelling and pain. The prevalence of RA is about 1% in the general population. A crucial role in higher morbidity and mortality in RA patients has been associated with increased inflammatory activity. Methotrexate (MTX), a drug with immunosuppressive activity, is the most frequent drug of choice used in RA therapy. It seems that main anti-inflammatory effect is mediated via release of purine nucleoside adenosine. The status of patients with inflammatory diseases is influenced by activation of A2a and A3 adenosine receptors. High caffeine (adenosine receptor antagonist) consumption may therefore lead to alteration of MTX treatment efficacy. 1) The aim of first study was to determine whether RA patients who had discontinued...
- Published
- 2022
31. Sledování dekubitálních lézí u pa cientů s neurologickým onemocněním - analýza Národního registru hospitalizovaných.
- Author
-
Pokorná, A., Benešová, K., Mužík, J., Búřilová, P., Jarkovský, J., and Dušek, L.
- Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse hospital stays related to pressure ulcers (according to ICD 10) in acute and long-term care facilities in the Czech Republic (2007-2014) in neurologically ill patients with limited mobility. Material and methods: Observational cross-sectional study using routinely collected data from the National Register of Hospitalized Patients. Results: Of total 17,762,854 hospital records 8,150 (0.05%) had the selected neurological diagnosis and pressure ulcers (L89). Detailed analyses were performed in 4,924 records (0.03%): patients with the selected neurological diagnosis and with a pressure ulcer as a primary diagnosis (n = 75); neurological diagnosis as the primary diagnosis and pressure sores as a secondary diagnosis (n = 3,248); a pressure sore as the only primary diagnosis in patients with a selected neurological diagnosis (n = 1,601). Neurological diagnoses included: brain injury and bleeding (n = 2,766); neurodegenerative and oncological diseases (n = 1,707); spinal cord traumatic injury (n = 451). Conclusion: Duration of hospitalization in patients with pressure ulcers in an acute care setting diff ers according to the main neurological diagnosis and whether the pressure ulcer was listed as the primary or secondary diagnosis (p < 0.001). Duration of hospital stay diff ers in an long-term care setting according to the grade of pressure ulcer (p = 0.040). In acute and long-term settings, the age of patients with pressure ulcers is statistically signifi cantly diff erent according to the neurological diagnosis and grade of pressure sore (p < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Infekce způsobené Shiga toxin- -produkujícími Escherichia coli u dětí.
- Author
-
Karnišová, L., Fencl, F., Marejková, M., Malina, M., Zieg, J., and Bláhová, K.
- Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are an important cause of diarrhea and the major cause of typical form of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide. Manifestation of STEC infection can be diverse, from uncomplicated diarrhea through hemorrhagic colitis, to a serious systemic disease - HUS, that is the most common cause of acute kidney injury, especially in young children. Due to possible progression of diarrhea to life-threatening illness, all physicians treating patients with diarrhea should get familiar with the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical symptomes of infection caused by the organism. This article describes the history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, and diagnostic methods of STEC infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
33. Užívání návykových látek na freeparties: terénní dotazníkové šetření 2012.
- Author
-
NOVOTNÁ, P. and VACEK, J.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Standard quantitative research analysing drug use at dance events (e.g. the "Dance and Drugs" survey) does not provide specific information about drug use at free parties. AIMS: The goal of this paper is to create a comprehensive survey of drug use at free parties supported by the results of a questionnaire survey. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: The questionnaire was distributed directly at free parties in order to collect data, which were subsequently analysed using standard mathematical statistical techniques. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consists of 127 non-randomly selected (available) respondents recruited at four free parties in the period from April to August 2012. RESULTS : Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana had been used by at least 70% of the respondents during the past year. Other substances included hallucinogens (63%), stimulants, ecstasy, GHB, and synthetic piperazine (59%), poppers (~12%), and opiates (~9%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rates identified by our survey are in many cases higher than those yielded by the "Dance and Drugs 2007" survey. For example, major differences were found for the annual prevalence of LSD (53% vs. 21%) and magic mushrooms (48% vs. 20%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
34. Comorbidity of psychical and autoimmune diseases
- Author
-
Kaňková, Zuzana, Šolc, Roman, and Mravec Bencúrová, Dominika
- Subjects
epidemiology ,autoimmune diseases ,mental disorders ,shared risk factors ,sdílené rizikové faktory ,etiology ,comorbidity ,etiologie ,epidemiologie ,komorbidita ,autoimunitní onemocnění ,psychické poruchy - Abstract
Mental and autoimmune disorders represent a wide range of different diseases and are currently one of the most common health problems. In recent years, a significant association between these two types of disorders has been observed, supported by both their frequent coexistence and other important findings such as shared genetic risk factors, the discovery of neuronal surface antibodies or immune system changes related to some mental disorders. This work attempts to map the autoimmune diseases that occur more often or rarely in patients with various mental disorders (and vice versa) and also describes possible mechanisms that may play a significant role in the development of this phenomenon. Key words mental disorders, autoimmune diseases, comorbidity, etiology, epidemiology, shared risk factors
- Published
- 2021
35. Prevalence and etiology of back pain in children
- Author
-
Hubáček, Jan, Hudák, Radovan, and Šonská, Kristýna
- Subjects
health services administration ,population characteristics ,human activities ,Bolesti zad u dětí a dospívajících ,etiology ,low back pain ,prevalence ,red flags ,červené vlajky ,epidemiologie ,Back pain in children and adolescents ,epidemiology ,rizikové faktory ,etiologie ,risk factors ,bolesti dolních zad - Abstract
Bibliographic record HUBÁČEK, Jan. Prevalence and etiology of back pain in children. Prague, 2021, 85 pages, 2 attachments. Bachelor thesis. Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine. Supervisor Radovan Hudák. Abstract Back pain is one of the most common diseases in the adult population. However, not only adults but also children and adolescents suffer from this condition. Back pain in childhood is often overlooked, downplayed and from a research point of view is not given enough attention. It turns out that back pain in adolescence can be one of the predictive factors for the development of back pain in adulthood. This bachelor thesis includes basic information about the anatomy, biomechanics and kinesiology of the human spine, pain, problems and risk factors for back pain in children and adolescents, which were available from scientific articles and studies. The aim of the work was to address a sufficient number of Czech children through a questionnaire and obtain information about their experiences with back pain in the period before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The obtained data show that the epidemiological situation regarding Covid-19, in which a lockdown was ordered in the Czech Republic, had a significant impact on the lives of young people....
- Published
- 2021
36. Prevence zdravotních rizik tenistů
- Author
-
Váchová, Gabriela, Carboch, Jan, and Kočíb, Tomáš
- Subjects
tenis ,tennis ,prevence zranění ,injury prevention ,epidemiologie ,epidemiology ,human activities - Abstract
Title: Prevention of health risks among tennis players Objectives: The aim of this thesis is a summary of the issues of health risks among tennis players and their prevention. At the same time, the thesis should provide preventive measures usable in practice. Methods: The bachelor thesis is processed as a theoretical thesis in the form of literary research using datatbases such as EBSCOhost, Google Scholar and other available literature. The thesis summarizes all theoretical background and knowledge dealing with the issue of health risks among tennis players and their prevention. At the same time, the thesis has descriptive - analytical character and contains an analysis of these studies. Results: Processing of the available literature and online recources has created a comprehensive insight into the health risks among tennis players and their prevention. This thesis provides information on types of injuries, frequency and incidence with respect to age, gender or surface of the tennis court. It has been found out what preventive procedures and remedies against health risks among tennis players can be used and what injuries are the most common. Keywords: injury prevention, epidemiology, tennis
- Published
- 2021
37. COVID-19 v Domově ve Břevnici
- Author
-
Myslivcová, Lenka, Andrýs, Ctirad, and Jankovičová, Karolína
- Subjects
antibody response ,dům se zvláštním režimem ,epidemiology,SARS-CoV-2 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,epidemiologie ,residential care home ,protilátky - Abstract
The aim of this diploma thesis was to describe information about SARS-CoV-2 virus and coronavirus disease (COVID-19), to evaluate the course of the disease in the Home with a special regime in Břevnice, in which the epidemic took place at the beginning of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020. Another goal was to perform an antibody analysis and evaluate the obtained data. I divided the diploma thesis into three main parts: theoretical, experimental and discussion. In the theoretical part, I worked with the literature and described information related not only to COVID-19, but also to other serious infections caused by human coronaviruses. In the experimental part, which I performed in the immunological laboratory of the Department of Joint Laboratories at Havlíčkův Brod Hospital, I dealt with the issue of the clinical course of the disease, the severity of the disease and possible consequences after the infection. I also dealt with methods for the determination of antibodies, the principles of which are described in Chapter 4.5. The diagnostic methods and procedures used are described in Chapter 5.3 Laboratory Assays. From the obtained data, I prepared graphs and tables and processed data on the clinical course of the infection in the Břevnice Home, both for the clients and the...
- Published
- 2021
38. Helicobacter pylori a and current knowledge in treatment
- Author
-
Hemmerová, Amálie, Vejsová, Marcela, and Janďourek, Ondřej
- Subjects
gastritida ,gastritis ,resistance ,epidemiologie ,epidemiology ,treatment ,léčba ,Helicobacter pylori ,rezistence - Abstract
CHARLES UNIVERSITY Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Medical Laboratory Technician Bachelor's thesis Author: Amálie Hemmerová Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Title: Helicobacter pylori and current knowledge in treatment This work is based on the pathogenic Helicobacter pylori which plays an important role in many gastroduodenum diseases. The aim of this work is summarizing the information of the Helicobacter pylori and presenting some actual knowledge of its treatment. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic spiral bacillus that lives under the layer of mucosae, area of neutral pH, and it causes an inflammatory changes on gastric epithelium. Half of the population worldwide is infected. It is important to find a suitable therapy for succesful treatment. Until recently the first-line treatment was the standard triple combination clarithromycin/metronidazole, amoxicilline and PPI. However the effectiveness of this combination has been reduced in the most countries to a level lower than recommended eradication rate (< 80 %). The cause of the failure was resistence to clarithromycin/metronidazole. Bismuth quadruple therapies are effective in the most countries. They are used as the first-line treatment and also as rescue therapy...
- Published
- 2021
39. Epidemiologie a rizikové faktory spojené s výskytem Hodgkinova lymfomu.
- Author
-
Mociková, H.
- Abstract
The incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma is 2.5 cases/100 000 inhabitants per year in the Czech Republic and it occurs more frequently in males compared to females-1.3 : 1. No causal etiopathogenetic factor responsible for Hodgkin's lymphoma has been identified so far. This review summarizes risk factors that are associated with the occurrence of Hodgkin's lymphoma. The significance of these factors and the way they affect the incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma remains under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
40. Benigní hyperplazie prostaty a symptomy dolních močových cest u mužů: etiologie, patofyziologie a epidemiologie.
- Author
-
ZÁLESKÝ, M. and ZACHOVAL, R.
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this article is to summarize information regarding the aetiology, pathophysiology and epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men. Methods: References relating to the keywords benign prostatic hyperplasia AND (OR aetiology pathophysiology OR epidemiology) were searched using PubMed database. Information from these sources formed the basis of this article. Results: Currently used definitions of BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms are mentioned in this review. The theory of genesis of BPH and a cascade of events leading to the lower urinary tract symptoms in men with BPH are described. The facts about the natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and risk factors of progression of BPH also are mentioned. Subsequently prevalence of BPH and LUTS in men regarding definitions used in epidemiological studies is interpreted. Conclusion: The aetiology and pathophysiology of BPH and their relationship to LUTS are not yet fully understood. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a progressive disease. According to the occurrence of the risk factors BPH may lead to worsening of symptoms of lower urinary tract or urinary retention unless therapy of BPH is used. Prevalence of LUTS in men as well as benign prostatic enlargement or BPH increases with age of men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
41. Epidemiologie a diagnostika larvální toxokarózy.
- Author
-
FRÁNKOVÁ, H. BÍLKOVÁ, HOZÁK, A., POVOVÁ, J., and JANOUT, V.
- Abstract
Larval toxocarosis is the most frequent tissue helmintosis in the Czech Republic. The review article on epidemiology and diagnostics of larval toxocarosis is dealing with the agent and its cycle of development, with clinicalsymptoms inanimalsas well as men, with the occurence of this disease in the Czech Republic and abroad and with the transmission of this infection to men. In diagnostics of larval toxocarosis the only diagnostic method, apart of imaging tech-nique, is examination of anti-bodies. Basic diagnostic method for confirmation or exclusion of diagnosis is immunoenzymatic demonstration of specific IgG antibodies. Complementary test may be demonstration of antibodies against highly specific antigens by westernblot method. In the end this review article is dealing with prevention and treatment of this infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
42. Autoimmune Diseases and their Epidemiology
- Author
-
Chvojová, Valerie, Ehler, Edvard, and Pavlasová, Lenka
- Subjects
autoimmunity ,autoprotilátky ,imunitní reakce ,epidemiologie ,epidemiology ,immune response ,autoimunita ,autoantibodies - Published
- 2020
43. The Prevalence of Smoking and Attitudes towards Tobacco Use among Minors in the Czech Republic.
- Author
-
GREPLOVÁ, J.
- Subjects
- *
TOBACCO use among youth , *TEENAGERS , *HEALTH , *SMOKING , *SUBSTANCE use of teenagers , *TOBACCO use , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of tobacco , *PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Attitudes and beliefs concerning tobacco and the prevalence of smoking among minors are crucial factors for the development of tobacco use in adulthood. Smoking among minors in the Czech Republic is monitored by several international studies. These studies show that more than 20% of adolescents aged 13-16 smoke regularly and 25% of adolescents aged 16 smoke daily. The data from these studies further show that children are influenced not only by parental smoking but also by tobacco advertising. Despite the ban on the sale of tobacco to minors (below the age of 18), 68% of adolescents who smoke reported having bought their cigarettes in a shop. The studies also suggest that children are not protected from second-hand smoking in public places. In summary, it has been shown that the effectiveness of the efforts to protect children from tobacco is very low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
44. Marihuana: rizika a krátká intervence.
- Author
-
NEŠPOR, K. and CSÉMY, L.
- Subjects
- *
MEDICAL marijuana , *MENTAL health , *THERAPEUTICS , *SMOKABLE plants - Abstract
Cannabis abuse is a common problem in the Czech Republic and represents great risk for physical and mental health of the general population. Emphasizing therapeutic potential of cannabis may create false hope in patients and cause the neglect other forms of treatment. Beside this, the risks of this drug may be even more underestimated by lay persons. Medical doctors should take the widespread cannabis abuse into account and use brief interventions, wherever appropriate. Effectiveness of brief interventions for marihuana abuse was demonstrated even in the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
45. Jaké je v České republice riziko onemocnění legionelózou?
- Author
-
Petrovová, M.
- Subjects
- *
LEGIONNAIRES' disease , *RISK exposure , *LEGIONELLA , *EPIDEMICS - Abstract
The article gives a short overview of the current clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge of Legionnaires disease and about the possible risk exposures and methods of prevention. Between 1998 and 2008 the National Legionella Reference Laboratory in the Czech Republic found a high percentage of hotels, spa hotels, hospitals, and cooling towers colonized with Legionella (60-89%). The numbers of reported cases of legionellosis in the same period had a consistently increasing trend with a peak in 2008 (n = 15). In 2011, the number of reported cases rose four times (n = 58). In the years 2000-2010 14% of legionellosis was reported in association with travel, 9% was contracted from healthcare facilities and 3% from the workplace. The origin of the remaining 74% of cases has not been explained. There were only sporadic cases of disease, community or industrial clusters or outbreaks have not yet been detected in the Czech Republic. There are an increasing number of people with risk factors and an increased exposure to Legionella in living spaces, medical facilities, sports and shopping centres or an occupational connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
46. Chlamydiové infekce.
- Author
-
I., Kuklová, R., Trýzna, M., Kojanová, and P., Velčevský
- Abstract
Chlamydiae are ubiquitous obligate intracellular bacteria replicating in eucaryotic cells. They belong to the most common microorganisms in humans and animals and cause wide range of human and animal infections. In dermatovenereology they are important in differential diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
47. Epidemiological and ecological impacts of floods in the Cesky Krumlov district
- Author
-
PAPOUŠKOVÁ, Michala
- Subjects
ekologické dopady ,ecological impacts ,EPIDAT ,povodně ,Epidemiologie ,Epidemiology ,infekční onemocnění ,floods ,infectious diseases - Abstract
The topic of my diploma thesis are Epidemiological and ecological impacts of floods in the Cesky Krumlov district. In the theoretical part I deal, from the perspective of epidemiology, with infectious diseases that may occur due to floods, I explain what information system was used by the regional hygiene stations in order to carry out the obligatory report, records, and analysis of occurrence of infectious diseases, and I would like to point out that from 1 January 2018 on, a new system started working for regional hygiene stations in the Czech Republic. Further, I deal with ecological impacts, and explain ecology in terms of Nature Conservation Act. Last but not least, I mention floods as such in the theoretical part, I define flood legislation, what administrative authorities work if such a crisis situation occurs, and what flood affected the region of Cesky Krumlov. The practical part analyses Epidat and the ISIN information system data using metaanalysis, searching for a link between them and infectious diseases during floods. I focused on infectious diseases that ma occur in connection to floods, such as Leptospirosis, Shigelosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacteria and Norovirus, Virus Hepatitis type A, and Virus Hepatitis type E. The Discussion part evaluates the questionnaire aimed at the citizens of Cesky Krumlov region, also at the primary school pupils. What is their image of consequences of floods, and what may bet he cause. The results are then discussed in the conclusion of my diploma thesis. Creating an information leaflet meant for the lay public is another output of my diploma thesis.
- Published
- 2019
48. Precautionary Programs Carried out as Part of Sport Training Sessions in the Czech Republic
- Author
-
Syrový, Dominik, Slabý, Kryštof, and Procházka, Michal
- Subjects
injury mechanism ,organizace ,mechanismus zranění ,organisation ,epidemiologie ,epidemiology ,Prevention program ,Preventivní program ,sport - Published
- 2019
49. Basic stochastic epidemic models
- Author
-
Strachoňová, Karla, Hudecová, Šárka, and Kulich, Michal
- Subjects
Reedův-Frostův model ,stochastic models ,Reed-Frost model ,stochastické modely ,epidemiologie ,epidemiology ,Greenwoodův model ,Greenwood model - Abstract
This thesis deals with two basic models which are used for epidemic model- ling in closed populations, namely Greenwood and Reed-Frost models. At first, knowledge which a reader needs to have about Markov chains and random varia- bles is summarized. Then the two models are described by modelling the number of susceptible and infectious individuals, as well as the duration and size of the epidemic. All of these approaches to modelling an epidemic are then illustrated on examples. Finally, the maximum likelihood method of the probability of infection is described and illustrated on real data in the last chapter, where the obtained results are discussed as well. 1
- Published
- 2019
50. Clinical and nursing aspects of patients treated surgically for HPV-related ofopharyngeal tumours
- Author
-
Báťová, Linda, Zábrodský, Michal, and Jankovcová, Kateřina
- Subjects
chirurgická léčba ,oropharyngeal carcinoma ,surgical treatment ,nursing care ,ošetřovatelská péče ,HPV ,epidemiologie ,etiology ,epidemiology ,etiologie ,Orofaryngeální karcinom - Abstract
Introduction: Oropharyngeal tumours belong to the most common malignancies situated in the head and neck area. In the past, their incidence has been associated with classical risk factors (smoking and alcohol use). In the recent years, the increase of oropharyngeal carcinomas resulting from HPV (human papilloma virus) infection incidence has been observed. The change of their aetiology also implies a number of clinical differences, the most important being a significantly better survival prognosis in patients with HPV+ carcinomas. Aims: The main goal of this thesis was to characterize correctly patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas and to identify different specifics of nursing intensive care for these patients. Methods: The quantitative prospective study involved 30 patients following their surgical treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma, hospitalised in an intensive care unit. The patients were divided into 3 groups: HPV+ non-smokers, HPV+ smokers, HPV- smokers. Results: The study confirmed the demographic differences between individual patient groups. The HPV+ non-smokers group is characterized by a lower age in average, which is significantly reflected in a reduced duration of hospital stay. In addition, opioid administration rate, infection rates and postoperative complications incidences are...
- Published
- 2019
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