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This master thesis is focused on educating physicians in mass casualty incidents. This paper aims to introduce the basics of mass casualty management, triage categories and tasks of the staff in mass casualty incidents. A questionnaire forms the research. Fifteen physicians working for Emergency Medical Services of South Bohemian Region responded to the questions about their theoretical knowledge about mass casualty management and their opinion about the quality of training courses at EMS of South Bohemian Region. There was a comparative analysis of theoretical knowledge and the real-life experience of the physicians at EMS of South Bohemian Region. The graphs with an evaluation of all the responses showed the results. This paper can make good use for further education on this topic at Emergency Preparedness Service of EMS of South Bohemian Region.

This bachelor thesis solves the problem of differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in pre-hospital emergency care for adults where abdominal pain includes a very wide range of possible causes and illnesses. If proper and rapid diagnosis is determined in pre-hospital emergency care, it will greatly facilitate and speed up subsequent treatment. The thesis consists of two parts, a theoretical and a research one. The theoretical deals with the concept of pain, the importance of physical examination, the carefulness of anamnesis and the differentiation of pain according to the localization (right and left upper quadrant, right and left lower quadrant), other possible causes and pharmacological therapy. The practical part was realized in a qualitative form using semi-structured questionnaires. The aim was to map the most common primary diagnoses of abdominal pain and follow-up procedures and investigative methods of emergency rescue workers in pre-hospital emergency care. The research was conducted in March and April 2018 with the health rescuers of the Vysočina Region. For clarity, the data obtained was divided into categories, processed into tables and further compared. Research has shown that the procedure for examining a patient with abdominal pain is not ideal, often neglected important information that needs to be identified as soon as possible from the onset of the problems and including their further development. Therefore, a possible algorithm for patient's abdominal pain assessment in pre-hospital inadequate care has been proposed for possible follow-up in practice, containing all the important information that needs to be found in PNP and then handed over to the target hospital facility.

Toxicology is a scientific discipline dealing with the influences of dangerous substances on living organisms. The negative effects of some substances have been known since the prehistoric times and the human race has had to face them until today. The impact of these substances on human organisms may be caused either deliberately (e. g. misuse of chemical substances during war conflicts) or unintentionally (e. g. intoxication by poisonous gases released from fire). The current knowledge of the field of toxicology enable to characterise the dangerous substances, to define their effective, toxic and lethal doses and concentrations and to give first aid to the people affected. The knowledge of the first aid procedure in case of intoxication of poisonous gases is crucial for the rescue of human life and moderation of the toxic effects. In connection to the universal first aid procedure, i. e. the patient's rescue out of the contaminated area and calling of the rescue service, the person affected has to receive an adequate immediate pre-hospital care. Based on these findings, procedures used in cases of intoxication in pre-hospital emergency care and emergency medicine are listed. The aim of the theoretical part of this diploma thesis is a comprehensive overview of current theoretical and professional knowledge in the field of chemistry, toxicology and emergency medicine. This knowledge is subsequently applied to the overall management of pre-hospital emergency care for patients intoxicated with toxic gases. The research part includes a retrospective statistical analysis of the number of cases of carbon monoxide intoxication in Vysocina Region, application of theoretical knowledge in the form of analyses of cases of intoxication and creation of a preventive programme with the help of a questionnaire survey which asked the public about their awareness of the risks and dangers of carbon monoxide. In addition, educational material was created. The thesis also tried to answer the research question "How serious is poisonous gas intoxication in pre-hospital emergency care and emergency medicine?" From the point of view of pre-hospital emergency care, the average daily death rate caused by poisonous gas intoxications in the Vysocina Region is four patients per year. When this number is compared with the total number of patients' deaths, it shows a less serious problem. The most common source of carbon monoxide poisoning turned out to be a gas appliance. The rescuers recorded the highest number of carbon monoxide detector activations in 2015. Informing the public in the form of a questionnaire survey has clearly shown that there is persisting confusion of carbon monoxide properties with carbon dioxide ones. This diploma thesis is aimed at specialists providing pre-hospital emergency care i. e. health rescue services and also fire rescue services for the purpose of statistical comparisons with other providers and subjects, or for educational purposes in the context of crisis preparedness. In addition, the work is recommended to the general public to ensure greater awareness of poisonous gas intoxications. This thesis brought a comprehensive overview of this issue which can be used for the purpose of informing, educating and creating the basis for further comparison.

The Bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of Prehospital emergency care in neurotraumas, especially on the approach of paramedics and their knowledge about Prehospital emergency care in neurotraumas. Globally, for children and adults to 45 aged, neurotrauma could be placed in the highest position of death causes. This statistic testifies about the importance of the professional and early intervention in prehospital emergency care. In the thesis qualitative research was used and two purposes and questions were defined. The method used was a semi-structured interview with paramedics in Vysočina Region and South Bohemian Region. The first aim of the thesis was to chart knowledge and approaches of paramedics in Prehospital emergency care and the second aim was comparison of the previous aim in Regions mentioned above. From the outcome of my research results that paramedics are not qualified enough and they lack information about Prehospital emergency care. In interviews, information mentioned was incomplete and their approaches were inconclusive. However, it was detected that approaches used in both regions are nearly identical. In Vysočina Region, cooperation with workplaces of the follow-up hospital care is really difficult. This fact could be considered as a side result of the thesis. The workplaces mentioned are mainly traumacentres with neurosurgery workplace accessible 24 hours per day. To sum it up for the further use in practice, the educational system of paramedics is inadequate and improvement would be highly recommended.

Proper diagnosis is difficult even for many years experienced physician. It requires a carefully collected anamnesis and ability to listen and perception of the patient. Paramedics in prehospital emergency care do not determine suspected diagnosis. They determine only rough description. Based on previous anamnesis, physical examination and premedical knowledge together with suspected diagnosis they send patient to appropriate department. Here he is taken by medical worker and examination is done again. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe procedure and find out most common mistakes which paramedics commit when they determine diagnosis during prehospital emergency care. The thesis is divided into theoretical and research section. Theoretical section is about general terms as anamnesis, laws, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the most common diseases. Research in this thesis was done by qualitative method, data were collected by standardized interviews with paramedics from South Bohemia and Vysocina Region. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe procedure and find out most common mistakes which paramedics commit when they determine diagnosis during prehospital emergency care. Research showed that paramedics determine descriptive diagnosis several times a day and they know how to proceed correctly. They have a possibility from the employer to have special training regarding this issue, however they are missing feedback from hospital to verify correctness of determining the descriptive diagnosis. Participants would like to have this feedbacks it would be a confirmation of correctness of their prehospital care. The results of this thesis give the reader information on the issue and legislation in the theoretical part. The main benefit of this thesis should be the experiences and practices of paramedics from the Vysocina Region and the South Bohemian Region in determining descriptive diagnosis in prehospital emergency care.

The topic of this bachelor thesis is prehospital emergency care for patients with acute cerebral infarction indicated for thrombolytic therapy. In the theoretical part of the thesis there are data about the actual occurrence of cerebral strokes, and there are defined terms such as medical rescue service, pre-hospital emergency care and stroke center. The following chapters describe the basic anatomy of the brain. Owing to the topic the largest part of the anatomy consists of vascular supply of the brain, which is related to the cause of cerebral vascular events. This thesis also involves the theme of cerebral vascular events, where the causes of the illness, the clinical picture and its basic distribution are described. There are also described diagnostic procedures in the following chapters. Due to the subject of the bachelor thesis, the most space is devoted to pre-hospital emergency care. Further chapters focus on how to place a patient to the appropriate healthcare facility and the follow-up treatment. The last chapters of the theoretical part mention the possible prevention of this disease. The practical part of the bachelor thesis was qualitative research. Structured managed interviews with medical rescuers of the Health Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region (ZZS JčK) and non-medical staff involved in the admission of patients to a complex cerebrovascular center ("KCC") were used for the research. There were drawn up two different interviews. The first interview was focused on mapping the knowledge of health rescuers about providing pre-hospital emergency care to patients with stroke. This interview also involved questions for the assessment of the cooperation between ZZS JčK and KCC in the Hospital České Budějovice from the point of view of medical rescuers. The second interview was drawn up for the non-medical staff of the KCC at the České Budějovice Hospital and was about the cooperation between ZZS JčK and KCC at the České Budějovice Hospital from the point of view of the KCC staff. The interviews were rewritten in the practical part and the answers were processed in tables. The research showed that ZZS JčK health rescuers have sufficient knowledge of vascular events. Furthermore, it was found, that the cooperation between ZZS JčK and KCC is evaluated by both sides positively. Research also showed that glycemia measurement is an important point of improvement for patient examination. Both variants of the interviews showed, that this value is not always measured and therefore, it can happen that a patient with hypoglycemia is brought to the KCC instead of a cesarean stroke.

The aim of my thesis was to find out the readiness of the South Bohemian Emergency Medical Service to deal with a potential extraordinary event of radiological nature. The content of the bachelor thesis is to analyze professional, material and technical readiness. The theoretical part deals with characteristics of integrated rescue system, exceptional events, ionising radiation and, last but not least, pre-hospital urgent care for irradiated persons. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis investigated the level of rediness of the Emergency Medical Service of the South Bohemian Region both in professional and material and technical level. There were two hypotheses in the thesis, H1: "Medical rescuers have knowledge how to treat patients contaminated with radiological agens," and H2: "The emergency medical service has material equipment for the treatment of patients contaminated with radiological agents." In order to achieve defined goals and to verify hypotheses, a questionnaire was put together and a survey was carried out. A statistical investigation was made using descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire consisted of closed questions. It contained 11 informative questions, 9 questions focused on problematics of treating patients contaminated with radiological agens, and 4 questions focused on the material and technical equipment of the medical rescue service. Respondents' questions were addressed with 3-5 possible answers, only one of which was correct. Data was collected during March 2017. Respondents were members of medical staff of the South Bohemian Emergency Medical Service. Sixty anonymous questionnaires were distributed in the South Bohemian Region, more precisely in the territorial centre České Budějovice and the regional resorts Jindřichův Hradec, Český Krumlov and Tábor. Total of 42 respondents participated in the survey. The results of the survey show that the knowledge of paramedic in this area is below average. The arithmetic mean of knowledge was 5.79 points out of 9, for material and technical equipment it was 1.79 points out of 2. The results of the survey show that the goals of the thesis were fulfilled, one (it intended hypotheses H1: Medical rescuers have knowledge how to treat patients contaminated with radiological agens) hypotheses was rejected and one (it inteded hypotheses H2: The emergency medical service has material equipment for the treatment of patients contaminated with radiological agents) accepted. The benefit of the bachelor thesis is mainly the preparation of a basic comprehensive overview of the readiness and materiál and technical support of the South Bohemian Emergency Medical Service for the treatment of patients contaminated with radiological agents.

The theoretical part is focused on mass accidents involving persons with impairment. Within individual chapters I focused on providers of acute care, as well as on the providers of emergency medical services because those two institutes work closely together in the case of emergency event and contribute together on the solution of consequences. In chapter of basic terms I have mentioned the key terminology in accordance with actual legislation and I have outlined the importance of emergency preparedness in health care. Hereafter I have tried to give a brief overview of the approach of emergency medical services and solutions on site. The summary also included the possibility of sorting of people with impairment. Main topic is a discussion of the subsequent connection between emergency medical services and providers of acute care as well as the actual method of mass income of persons with impairment to a medical facility. The aim of the thesis was to plot preparedness the providers of acute care for a possible mass income of disabled persons, which included existence of preliminary measures, methods, preparation and realization of tactical (or auditing) exercise of organizations etc. The second aim of the thesis was focused on the evaluation of the current state of preparedness of acute inpatient care at mass income of disabled people, reflecting the effectiveness of the adopted precautions. This was mainly mapping clarity of the theoretical background in the cases of emergencies involving high amount of disabled persons from the perspective of an ordinary medical personnel performing their profession in the emergency department. Above-mentioned department serves as contact point of a hospital when an extraordinary event occurs, and its staff is naturally predetermined to act as first choice solution. The research also focused on the medical staff knowledge of approaches to dealing with emergencies and its participation in the auditing and tactical exercises. Qualitative research was used in order to achieve defined goals. Semi structured interviews with emergency department paramedics were used. The research showed that the preparation of providers of acute care for an extraordinary event with mass disabled persons is organized in cooperation with emergency medical services in terms of auditing or tactical exercises. At least two exercises per year are carried out, which is ideal in accordance with the general principles of participation of medical organizations in exercises of the Integrated Rescue System. The results refer to the fact that the participation of medical personnel in seminars should be mandatory and human resources management should take in mind in order to prevent non-uniform level of preparedness of medical staff in case of accident involving persons with impairment. The research also shows that knowledgebase - regarding those emergencies; of medical personnel is insufficient and therefore education at least theoretical level should be done. Acquired knowledge can be used for emergency department personnel but can also be used by other departments participating on emergencies that can involve persons with impairment. Employees could draw mainly from theoretical knowledge in the form of self-education.

The theme of my bachelor thesis is Asthma mixtum in prehospital emergency care. In the theoretical part there is described the anatomy and physiology of the heart as well as anatomy and physiology of the air passages, so it is helpful for better understanding the issues of Asthma mixtum. Further chapters are focused on the definition of Emergency Medical Services, on the outgoing sections and their composition as well as on the rescuer worker and his necessary education and skills. Following chapter describes the clinical feature and pathophysiology Cardiac asthma, its causes and diagnosis, first aid, treatment and complications of the disease in the prehospital emergency care. In the next chapter, it is described asthma, clinical scene and pathophysiology of this disease. It is followed by its diagnosis, symptoms, first aid, treatment and complications in the prehospital emergency care. The last chapter of the theoretical part is concentrated on the mixtum asthma, the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment in the prehospital emergency care. The practical part was conducted by using qualitative research. There were used structured direct interviews with rescuer workers and nurses working at the Emergency Medical Services of the South Region. The interviews consisted 17 questions, which were focused on knowledge from the field of asthma mixtum. The interviews are transcribed in the practical part and the answers are prepared for clarity in the chartes. It was showed in the survey that rescuer workers and nurses working at the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region have theoretical knowledge from the field of asthma mixtum and that they know how to proceed with this disease at the point of action.

Astma bronchiale is a lifelong chronic respiratory illness which affects all the age categories of population. The aim of this final work is to obtain knowledge and to analyse paramedics´ approaches used during a diagnosis and providing prehospital urgent care to patients affected by this illness.The bachelor´s work is divided into a theoretical and a research part. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy of the respiratory system, process of breathing, diagnosis and treatment in prehospital urgent care.The research of this work was realized by using recorded interview with paramedics. The aim of this research is to show the reader more viewpoints to this issue and to outline the experience of paramedics with treatment of this illness. This research demostrates that paramedics get in contact with the asthma bronchiale several times in a month, they are familiar with this illness and they know methods of its treatment. The result of the work shows how difficult the diagnostics of this illness is. Differential diagnostics also points to broad-spectrum of illnesses. Eventually, we can also enroll a wrong feedback between emergency service and medical facility. Results of this work in the theoretical part help the reader to get objective information about this matters, diagnostics and treatment of this illness in prehospital urgent care. The main contribution of this work should also be the view to the methods, approaches and experiences of paramedics during the treatment of the asthma bronchiale in prehospital urgent care. The output of the bachelor´s work is a brief manual for paramedics showing how to proceed during diagnostics and treatment of the asthma bronchiale.

Readiness of the urgent reception to mass disasters This thesis is dedicated to the readiness of the urgent reception to mass disasters. It deals with the history, evolution and the current state of the urgent reception, both in the Czech Republic in the first place and in the world. Within the scope of this thesis I focus mainly on the work scope of the urgent receptions in dependence to their structure, equipment and their actual preparedness to deal with mass accidents. I focus besides other things on technical equipment of the urgent receptions, which is in frames of the Czech Republic very heterogeneous, but totally crucial to handle possible mass accident. A very import aspect is the matter of education and further training of the medical employees on all levels. It concerns not only medical positions, but also nurses and auxiliary staff. The question of the conditions severity of the admitted patients, their classification according to these conditions and transparent processing of the information about them cannot be passed over. Furthermore the thesis discusses emergency medicine as a discipline and the direction it should, in my opinion, further be heading in order to improve the functioning of the present system of pre-hospital and hospital emergency care. Urgent receptions in the Czech Republic represent a relatively new thing, which results into certain ambivalence of their concept and structure. Each urgent reception is somehow original and adapted to the requirements of the founder and the local situation. There is one thing the urgent receptions have in common, overload with patients who fall into the competence of practitioners. This is associated with the financial loss-making of these departments within the medical facilities. This, especially in the case of the private hospitals, leads to a reluctance of the founder to invest to the urgent reception. In this thesis I mention legal framework, contingency planning in the Czech Republic, contingency plans, their content purpose and type plan with its importance for solving crisis events. Another plan that is resolved in my thesis and that has crucial importance especially, for urgent receptions is the trauma plan of medical facility whose application into practice in the Czech Republic in many health care facilities is very problematic. And the practice of the trauma plan activation itself is, according to my research, the prerogative of only a very small amount of medical facilities.

This bachelor thesis deal with homeless issue from the view of emergency service worker. The theoretical part deals with the pre-hospital emergency care, with the related ethic and homelessness, as extreme form of social exclusion. Furthermore, the theoretical work is describing the health status of homeless people and their relationship with medical personnel. Practical part of thesis is qualitative research which had been done by semistructured interview of the emergency workers. This research had lasted since december of 2014 untill march of 2015. Interviewee were question by snowball sampling method. There were ten people questioned altogether. The transcription of interview is quoted in practical part. These interview are summarise in different charts partly for better clarity. In suplement part there is a list of questions which interviewee received. The aim of research is explored intervention of emergency service to help to homeless people and in which areas emergency service workers see special treatment to them. From interview have emerged that the most often interventions to homeless people are alcohol intoxication and different kind of injuries. Research has also revealed that emergency service workers are not stressed when they help them but all of those people agree with statement that it is unpleasant especially due to low hygienic standarts. Is also very interesting that emergency service workers meet homeless people at least once a month. The main point of this bachelor thesis is demonstrate the homeless issue which is getting more serious in these days. It has not have solution only in providing social welfare to homeless people. It is necessary to create the complex solution of this phenomenon which would include also health care to these people.

The bachelor's thesis name is: Opinions of paramedics about their competencies. The focus is therefore on problematics of competencies which paramedics at present have, and also their views on possible extension. In theoretical part of the thesis an integrated rescue system, the part of which the emergency medical service also is. The history, activities and also providers of emergency medical service are outlined. Further it deals with distribution and types of rescue groups, and technical and material equipment of vehicles. Finally, competencies are mentioned which at present a paramedic has, and also specialisations in urgent medicine, through which the competencies extend. In practical part of the thesis a qualitative method of research was used. Data collection was performed with help of semi-standardized interviews with eight paramedics, who work at Medical Rescue Service of Southern Bohemia Region. A part of the research maps knowledge of competencies in the field of paramedic and to find out opinions of their prospective extension. Also cooperation with doctor on each ambulance trip is discussed. The research file was subjected to the length of practise which the respondents went through within their occupation. The research question was directed at particular prospects which paramedics would welcome compared to the current state. The aim of the thesis was to determine what the opinion of paramedics on their current competencies within their occupation is. A partial aim then was which opinions they hold on extension of their competencies. It was revealed from the obtained and processed interviews that paramedics are mostly content with their current possibilities. An extension of competencies from their point of view would concern such parts at which the least risk of threat to patient, or incidental complications during treatment in prehospital urgent care are posed. Opinions on extension of competencies leaned mainly on bigger responsibility which in case of extensions supervened.

The bachelor work is devoted to the topic of differential diagnostics of dyspnoea in prehospital emergency care. The issue of dyspnoea is still very relevant because of number of diseases causing it. The theoretical part of this bachelor work contains basic information about terms of dyspnoea, differential diagnostics and examination methods with regard to the dyspnoea. The most often incidence of dyspnoea is generally associated with cardiac and pulmonic diseases. There are also described additional diseases caused by other reasons, i.e. the carbon monoxide intoxication, anemia or hyperventilation, which are often occurred in prehospital emergency care and therefore could be difficult to distinguish from the pulmonic dyspnoea. In particular for paramedics, distinguishing the cardiac or pulmonic dyspnoea from the dyspnoea caused by other reason could be difficult. The examination methods in prehospital emergency care currently available for paramedics are very limited, which can make the fieldwork diagnostic of dyspnoea more difficult. The research was realized by the standardized half-structured interviews with the paramedics working at Emergency service of South Bohemian region. The surveyed group was composed of 14 respondents from all regional centers of Emergency service of South Bohemian region. Selected respondents were at all age categories varying in the length of the praxis at the emergency service, educational background and also in the composition of ambulance crew. The respondents answered 20 prepared questions regarding the knowledge and experience with dyspnoea. The research was aimed to the knowledge of paramedics in the field of differential diagnostics of dyspnoea in prehospital care and also to the difficulty of determination of working diagnosis based on examination methods available for paramedics in prehospital emergency care. Results of the research were summed up into the tables and consequent results are included in the discussion. The first goal of the research was to monitor the knowledge of paramedical staff about differential diagnostics of dyspnoea in prehospital emergency care. The second goal is aimed to monitoring the difficulty of working diagnosis assessment of dyspnoea associated with possibilities of diagnostics in prehospital emergency care. Two experimental questions were elected for research. The first question is dealing with the enough knowledge of paramedics for correct differential diagnosis of dyspnoea in patients in prehospital emergency care. The second experimental question is addressed to the dyspnoea, diagnostics possibility in prehospital emergency care for paramedics and whether it is complicated symptom for working diagnosis assessment. Based on interviews results, the insufficient knowledge of paramedics in most cases of dyspnoea are evident. Paramedics with university degree are more educated in this field. The big lack of knowledge related to dyspnoea lies also in the education of paramedics in the Emergency service of South Bohemian region. Respondents also mentioned the absence of primarily focused course on dyspnoea. The theme is obviously discussed during the course of Emergency service of South Bohemian region only in connection with another theme. Therefore, the big lack of necessary information is obvious. Regarding the insufficient education of paramedics the problem of wrong dyspnoea diagnostics in prehospital emergency care could be closely related. Commonly, paramedics treat cardiac and pulmonic dyspnoea. However, research results emphasize the problems with working diagnosis assessment, necessary for subsequent treatment and targeting the patient. Concerning the gravity of some diseases causing dyspnoea, the incorrect diagnostics could be fatal for patient.

In terms of prehospital emergency care (PEC), the rescuers get into contact with patients, who have breathing difficulties in connection with their health condition. As breathing, together with consciousness and bloodstream, is included in the observed vital signs, it is necessary to focus on the precise monitoring of its quality. Except evaluation by sight, we can also beneficially use device monitoring of breathing, more precisely the quality of blood gases exchange. During PEC we can monitor oxygen or carbon dioxide saturation in blood (pulse oximetry or capnometry, respectively). In this bachelor thesis we focused on capnometry. The principle of capnometry measurement is based on infrared light absorption. In comparison with pulse oximetry, the capnometry is useful in situations when we are not able to get objective results by using pulse oximetry. The greatest advantage of capnometry is the almost immediate reaction of a device to metabolic changes in respiratory system of a patient. Using this method is also beneficially during intubation, using combitube and laryngeal mask, because we can get precise overview about cannula position. Theoretical part of this bachelor thesis is focused on capnometry problematics. At the beginning is explained what capnometry and PEC are and they both are described. Also view on monitoring in general is present. The capnometry itself is divided into types according to way of use. Theoretical part is ended by chapter about capnography. The aims of practical part are monitoring of South Bohemian rescuers' knowledge about using of capnometry and using of capnometry during PEC. Data collection were realised quantitatively by using questionnaire focused on theoretical knowledge. Data were collected in March 2015. 100 pieces of anonymous questionnaires were given for filling across the South Bohemian Region (regional centre in České Budějovice and local centres in Český Krumlov, Písek, Prachatice, Strakonice and Tábor). 63 respondents answered the questionnaire (rate of return was 63 %). Questionnaire consisted of 24 questions targeted on knowledge of respondents about capnometry problematics. Results were analysed in statistical software SPSS into graphs and charts and hypotheses were statistically analysed by using of chi-square test method. Statistical analysis shows to us that South Bohemian rescuers have enough information about capnometry and that capnometry is not used for every patient with controlled air passages. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to get information about South Bohemian rescuers' knowledge about using of capnometry. Another aim is to monitor the using of capnometry in prehospital emergency care. Statistical analysis proves that knowledge about capnometry is sufficient among South Bohemian rescuers and they are able to use this method. Furthermore the guide for using of capnometr for rescuers was created on the basis of obtained information. This guide is included in this thesis as an appendix (app. 11).

This Bachelor thesis deals with the issue of monitoring and evaluation of electrocardiography (ECG). The monitoring of ECG belongs to the basic diagnostic methods of heartbeat. It is also irreplaceble in prehospital emergency care (PEC). That is why a paramedic must be sure in manipulation with the ECG machine and he or she must faultlessly distinguish typical deviations in ECG curve, especially in case of life-threatening and frequent arrhythmia because a proper treatment in PEC usually has a decisive influence on a patient´s life. In the theoretical part of the thesis I dealt with basic knowledge about the anatomy and physiology of heart. Then I focused on electrocardigraphy as a basic diagnostic method, I mentioned various types of ECG and described ECG machine used in PEC. I also delineated electrodes and downspouts and their classification. I added a procedure of monitoring ECG by means of defibrillation electrodes and by means of downspouts. In the next chapter I dealt with physiological ECG curve, its description and assessment of cardiac rhythm. A considerable part of the theoretical part is devoted to heart rhythm disorders and classification of these disorders. In the last charter I mapped options of heart rhythm disorders treatment pharmacological as well as therapy without drug application. The research part of the thesis is based on qualitative and quantitative form of research. Data were gained by method of interview and by additional knowledge test designated for paramedics from the South Moravian Region. The interviews were carried out with paramedics from the Emergency Medical Service of the South Moravian Region. The additional test consists of 16 open as well as closed questions. Results of the research were processed and depicted by means of bar charts. These express numerical value of the research results. The main aim of the thesis was an analysis of paramedics´ procedure when evaluating ECG curve. The minor aim of the thesis was to map a paramedic´s knowedge in te field of ECG curve evaluation. The theoretical part of the thesis can be used as a study material for paramedic students and also for students of other medically-oriented branches who study the issue of ECG. On the basis of the thesis results a manual was made out which could simplify the evaluation of ECG curves.

The theme of this work is the use of sedation during child injuries in pre-hospital emergency care. Children injuries are serious health, economic, and social problems in the Czech Republic, particularly infant, toddler and preschool age children due to their rapid development of physical skills, but this time the development of intellectual abilities does not allow the recognition of dangerous situations. Any sudden deterioration of health of the child is a burden not only for him but also for the parents and all others in its surrounding. Due to a smaller representation of pediatric patients compared with other broad spectrum of health services interventions, young children require more care and therefore paramedics need to be oriented in this field. This thesis focuses on mapping the knowledge of paramedics in connection with the administration of sedation for injuries of children in pre-hospital emergency care. Quantitative research is focused on paramedics working in emergency medical service in Ceske Budejovice and ARO department in the hospital in Ceske Budejovice. At the beginning of the theoretical part, I tried to describe pre-hospital emergency care and specifics of childhood. A large proportion of theoretical work I devoted to chapter about sedation, which is a look into the history of where they could be seen the beginnings of analgesia and pain management. I thought it was important to mention the principle of medication, application paths or drug usage. Therefore, attention is on the chapter of pain, its definition, types, children experiencing pain and elaboration of rating scales. As has been said, injuries are a hot topic, and therefore the next part of the theoretical part is dedicated to injuries. The practical part focuses on the mapping of knowledge concerning the administration of sedation for injuries of children in pre-hospital emergency care. Data were collected from January to March in 2014. Questionnaires were personally handed in the form of printed questionnaires, forms were also distributed electronically. A total of 70 questionnaires were handed in, that is 50 questionnaires to the "RZP" center in Ceske Budejovice and 20 questionnaires to "ARO" department in a hospital in Ceske Budejovice. The return was 82.8 %, which represents 58 returned questionnaires, which were included in the subsequent evaluation of the research. Interviewed paramedics were at the beginning informed with the nature of the research, with an emphasis on confidentiality. Individual questions were designed to obtain the information needed to answer the research question ("what is knowledge of paramedics administering sedation to children in pre-hospital emergency care"), and they fulfilled the objectives of this thesis. The questionnaire contained a total of 15 questions, the questions 1-3 were used for further mapping of the respondents. The following 12 questions were deliberately chosen to find out whether paramedics have the knowledge of sedation during children injuries. These data were then graphically represented and each question separately evaluated. Only questions number 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 were included in the survey to be able to answer the research question. Research questions were statistically using the chi- square test evaluated. The level of significance rejected the claims set ("sufficient knowledge will have 75 % of the respondents") and confirmed the results of research that paramedics knowledge is not sufficient. Finally, research shows that paramedics should be more interested in the area related to sedation, its administration, dosage and possible complications. A training for emergency workers at least once but preferably twice a year could be a solution.

This bachelor thesis deals with establishing an airway by a paramedic service in terms of pre-hospital emergency care. Considering unexpected accidents and life-threatening situations, securing the airway is one of the most important performances in pre-hospital care. Proper airway securing covers both effective ventilation and oxygenation. It is not always possible to secure using usual techniques. Therefore, alternative methods of airway management are introduced in this thesis as well. The theoretical part is concerned with the airway management. The first chapter aims at the historical background and describes the development of airway securing techniques. Following parts provide with a short introduction to the anatomy and physiology of the human respiratory tract. The thesis describes the concept of pre-hospital care and competencies of a paramedic. It focuses on airway management with or without medical devices and characterizes the main techniques, such as, the oral cavity examination, head-tilt method, the triple airway manoeuvre and Heimlich and Gordon manoeuvres. Regarding airway devices, the thesis mentions pharyngeal airway, combitube, laryngeal tube and laryngeal mask, I-gel, endotracheal intubation and alternative airway securing including coniotomy and laryngectomy. The last chapter of the theoretical part deals with the modes of artificial ventilation. The practical part compares the options of airway management and monitors the level of theoretical knowledge of airway establishing among emergency paramedics in South Bohemia, Central Bohemia and Pilsen Region.

The topic of presented bachelor thesis is ventilation support in prehospital care and during transport of the patient. Consciousness, breathing and blood circulation belong among basic life functions. Thanks to ventilation support we are able to provide full or partial pulmonary ventilation. For this we use aids such as resuscitation masks meant for lay public or aids for trained paramedics like laryngeal masks, endotracheal tube and ventilator for artificial pulmonary ventilation. Prehospital care is not only about professional first aid, but about giving first aid by lay public as well. That is why aids for pulmonary ventilation are included in this thesis. This bachelor thesis had two aims; to map and compare knowledge of students attending the last year of high school in kiss of life and map experiences of paramedics with a laryngeal mask Supreme and capnometry. The research was implemented with mixed method research. Knowledge of students were found out by tests which were give in class "Z4" at Střední odborná škola veterinární, mechanizační a zahradnická a Jazyková škola s právem státní jazykové zkoušy and in class "4.B" Gymnázium Jírovcova. At Z4 class research took place on 14th March 2014. There were 25 students in this class, 4 men and 21 women. At class of 4.B students' knowledge was tested on 2nd April 2014 with presence of 26 students, 16 women and 10 men. At the beginning of test the anonymity of respondents was stressed, and then all respondents were acquainted with the character of my research and its aim. At the start of the test there were two statistic questions; if the respondent is either man or woman and whether the respondent has his/her driving license. There were 15 closed questions in the test and students were supposed to choose one right. After handing all the tests, the correct results were told to students. 51 tests altogether were given. Experiences of paramedic with the laryngeal mask and capnometry were found out in a form of five short dialogues in a week from 7th to 11th April 2014. The research group include paramedics of Zdravotnická záchranná služba Jihočeského kraje. Gained data from tests were evaluated, each question separately and then transformed in graphs which show the number of wrong and right answers. The aim of this thesis was to map and compare knowledge of students in the last year of their studies. Evaluated tests show us, that students of Z4 class have more knowledge about kiss of life or with cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In seven questions these students were more successful than their same-age colleagues from Gymnázium, who were better at three questions only. Experiences of paramedic with laryngeal masks Supreme are positive and if ensuring of air passages is needed, when a doctor is not present, they choose LMA Supreme. Paramedics agreed on that following ventilation via LMA Supreme is sufficient as long as we choose the right size. Paramedics ask for capnometer device in all cars EMS. Paramedics of the research group do not daily meet patients who would need or used at controlled ventilation. Students of the last year at high school have basic knowledge about kiss of life or about giving first aid. This knowledge is not 100% and teaching of giving first aid should be as a subject at high schools. Paramedics accept new aids and machines and use them during their practise. Thanks to this, first aid is becoming more beneficial for patients and for paramedics.

The topic of this thesis is monitoring of blood pressure and heart activity via ECG in prehospital emergency care. So the thesis deals with a necessary part of a patient´s examination that precedes effective treatment. In the theoretical part the prehospital emergency care is defined and the emergency medical service, which provides this care, is characterized. Anatomy and physiology of heart is outlined there. Also blood pressure and its measurement is discussed there. Electrocardiography is described and information needed to basic orientation in ECG recording is introduced. The practical part was carried out using mixed methods research. The first method was a quantitative research in the form of a standardized anonymous questionnaire. Employees of the Emergency Medical Service of the South Bohemia Region who work as paramedics became the respondents of this questionnaire. The qualitative research strategy consisted in observation of paramedics when they were monitoring blood pressure and heart activity via ECG in the prehospital emergency care. The aims of the research part were these: mapping of states and situations that lead paramedics to monitor patient´s blood pressure and heart activity, description of different methods of blood pressure and heart activity monitoring and finding the paramedics´ experience with available apparatuses. The last aim was a detailed introduction to monitoring of blood pressure and heart activity via ECG. The results show the following information. Paramedics measure every or nearly every patient´s blood preasure. They begin to monitor heart activity via ECG when the patient suffers from chest pain, is unconcsious, when there is a risk of arrhythmias or when the patient is circulatory unstable. Auscultatory method mediated via aneroid sphygmomanometer is the most frequent way of blood pressure monitoring in prehospital emergency care. Paramedics are satisfied with apparatuses and tools used to blood pressure and heart activity monitoring. All the acquired knowledge serves to detailed introduction to the issue which a paramedic meets in his or her everyday work and must have full control of it.

The bachelor thesis is focused on historical progress of Helicopter emergency service (HEMS) in Czech Republic. This work is focused especially on comparing of historical and actual progress of HEMS in Vysočina region, including comparing of the airplane technology and accessories extensity of helicopters used for HEMS in Vysočina. The first chapter is focused on leveraging of a helicopter marginally, as a device for saving life in the world, when they were used flatly in M.A.S.H (Mobile Army Surgical Hospital) units especially in the Korea war. It also contains progress of HEMS in Czechoslovakia and study of HEMS historical analysis at territory of the Czech Republic and progress of companies, which were spreading these services since 1987. I have included progress on the Czech Republic territory only in this work. In bachelor thesis are mentioned present national (Armáda CR, Policie CR) and private practitioners (DSA, a.s. and Alfa-Helicopter, spol. s.r.o.) as well, including main practitioners, which were operating here on the beginning (Slov-Air and Bel-Air) and thanks to them it was possible to lay the foundations of HEMS in prehospital emergency care system in the Czech Republic. The second chapter is focused on sequential progress of particular HEMS centres in the Czech Republic. In the face of mutual progress of HEMS at Czechoslovakia territory, is this part focused only on historical progress in the Czech Republic after year 1987. Hereby are only included HEMS centers at Praha (Kryštof 01), Brno (Kryštof 04), Ostrava (Kryštof 05), Hradec Králové (Kryštof 06), Plzeň (Kryštof 07), Olomouc (Kryštof 09), Jihlava (Kryštof 12), České Budějovice (Kryštof 13), Ústí nad Labem (Kryštof 15), Havlíčkův Brod (Kryštof 17) a Liberec (Kryštof 18). In the research part I have focused on examination of people's attitudes, which are interested in HEMS, ambulance services and more people, who are connected with prehospital emergency care system. For achieve results, I have decided to make a research by Brainwriting method, when I requested for completing a questionnaire, by aforementioned group of people, which contains questions focused on this topic. Questions are headed on problems of actual and historical progress of HEMS in the Czech Republic with the link on estimation of this problem on Vysočina. The chapter of discussion is focused on more detailed progress of HEMS in Vysočina region. There is marginally analysed HEMS in Havlíčkův Brod, which existed from the year 1991 to 1994. Considering minimal measure of taken information about it, this passage isn't written more detailed. In the next point I focused on HEMS in Jihlava, which has been working on Vysočina region from 1991. Considering sufficient measure of taken information and very accommodating attitudes of respondents and employees working at HEMS, I have analysed historical progress of this centre more detailed and in some parts, I have made comparing with actual status. I briefly focused on the history of the base, where I involved the most important milestones, which went along with their progress. One of the points, which I focused on, is background of the ambulance outpost where sequential upgrading of the base and its surroundings for employees are analysed. In the next points are foreshadowed differences of used helicopters and its history at HEMS centres, including accessories as a medical material or the other devices used in rescue operations as Toughbook for example. In the last point is foreshadowed structure of the crew in HEMS centre. The end of this work is focused on answers of asked research question, if the helicopter emergency service is necessary and useful branch of emergency service.

Bachelor thesis is prehospital emergency care for children with acute asphyxia. It discusses the treatment of children in prehospital care, whereby it becomes specific because care of children and adults is not always identical. Acute asphyxia is a very unpleasant condition, which requires expert intervention as fast as possible. Without help the patient's life can be threatened by loss of consciousness with shortness of breath. The theoretical section of the thesis deals initially with a concise outline of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, specifics of treatment of patients between the ages 0 to 18 years, at which the childhood is defined, and the subsequently described principle of correct communication with children and methods in the treatment of a child. The theoretical section of the thesis chiefly delineates the causes of acute asphyxia in children. The individual illnesses and injuries, which can affect children up to the age of 18, are characterized as inhalation breathlessness or expiration breathlessness. Illnesses mentioned in this thesis are acute tracheitis, acute laryngotracheobronchitida, allergic swelling, acute laryngitis, acute epiglottitis, acute bronchitis, acute bronchiolitis and bronchial asthma. Injury is the inhalation of a foreign object. For individual illnesses, the causes, symptoms and prehospital emergency care, often diagnostics and first aid too, are described. The final chapter of the theoretical section concerns itself with emergency resuscitation of children. This bachelor thesis has three aims: to graph the frequency of occurrences of acute asphyxia in children in emergency service responses, to graph the causes of acute asphyxia in children in emergency service responses and to graph the awareness of paramedics of the correct provision of prehospital emergency care for children with acute asphyxia. The practical section of the thesis is divided into two sections. The data obtained in the first and second sections was evaluated and for improved transparency transcribed into tables and graphs, which were verbally described. Their evaluation corresponded to each research question. The frequency of occurrence of acute asphyxia in children in emergency medical service responses of the Southern Bohemian Emergency Services from 01/01/2011 to 31/12/2013 included is 598 responses. It was ascertained that the frequency of occurrences has grown every year. The most common causes of occurrences of acute asphyxia in children in the responses from Emergency Medical Service of South Bohemia are acute inflammation of the larynx (acute laryngitis) and breathlessness (dyspnea). Further causes dealt with by emergency responses were for example foreign objects in a respiratory organ or respiratory failure. The results of the survey by questionnaire were evaluated too. The questionnaire survey method was then graphed so that the paramedics had sufficient knowledge about the provision of prehosptial emergency care of children with acute asphyxia. The data obtained and processed in the research section of the bachelor thesis bears witness to the fact that acute asphyxia in children in the emergency responses of the Emergency Medical Service of South Bohemia occur and the number of these responses is growing. Therefore, it is important to have information on the causes of acute asphyxia in children, to know the nature and symptoms of individual illnesses and injuries and above all to have information on the provision of prehospital emergency care of underage patients with this problem. It is then on the spot that the paramedics from the Southern Bohemian Emergency Services would have the optimal awareness about the provision of prehospital emergency care of children with acute asphyxia.

The topic of this bachelor thesis is the various types of injuries from animals in prehosptial emergency care and their subsequent treatment in outpatient clinics. The theoretical section includes the summary of possible predicaments, which various animals cause. It discusses anaphylactic reaction to insect stings and furthermore the poisoning by snake venom, which in the Czech Republic primarily concerns the common viper (otherwise known as the common adder). The next chapter deals with the illnesses caused by cats, specifically cat scratch disease (lymphadenopathy) and toxoplasmosis with acute childbirth. The acute condition caused by dog bites and rabies belong to the next section of the thesis. In the conclusion a brief summary of injuries is mentioned, which are a threat during the handling of domestic animals, where the thesis focuses on the polytraumatized patient, fractures and cranio-cerebral injuries. The practical section was carried out on two qualitative levels in the Central Bohemian Region in connection with the Region of the Capital City, Prague and the Southern Bohemian Region. The first of these was the verification of knowledge of paramedics about injuries caused by animals through a knowledge test, comprising of ten questions. These questionnaires were always filled in my presence. In total 40 knowledge tests were distributed, of which 38 were returned completed. The return rate was thus 95%. The second section determined the differences in outpatient care in the individual regions. It was carried out through managed interviews with outpatient medical doctors from the surgical and internal medicine departments, a traumatologist, general practitioner and paediatrician. In total, eight medical doctors were approached. Furthermore an identical questionnaire was given to all these medical doctors. The research was carried out from November 2013 to April 2014. The aim of this thesis is to ascertain the knowledge about these injuries of paramedics in the Central Bohemian Region in connection with Region of the Capital City, Prague and the Southern Bohemian Region and compare them. Furthermore, it intends to find the difference in outpatient care of patients in the same territorial units injured in this way. Three research questions were asked, specifically to the mid-level health services personnel, whether paramedics have the correct knowledge about this issue and whether their knowledge varied in the regions. Regarding the second aim, the question asked was whether outpatient care of injured patients varied in the relevant regions.

The topic of my bachelor thesis is the Co-operation of the components of integrated emergency system in catastrophes and multiple disasters. The target of the thesis is mapping the knowledge of the type activity of components of the integrated emergency system during the common intervention in the extraordinary event with a high number of the injured and victims with accent on the work of the Medical Rescue Service. The partial target is to find out the knowledge of the communication in the Tetrapol digital system. The thesis is split into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the Integrated Emergency System, its components and tasks. It defines the concepts used in connection with the multiple disasters and moreover it mentions the documents necessary for the liquidation of an extraordinary event. It also describes the communication in the digital Tetrapol system. In the practical part, the method of the quantitative research in the form of the anonymous questionnaire was selected. The respondents were employees of the Medical Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. Based on the determined goals, two hypotheses were postulated. The first hypothesis reads: ?Members of the Medical Rescue Service are able to communicate in the Tetrapol digital system?. The second hypothesis reads: ?The junior employees (up to 5 years of practice) have a better knowledge of the type activity of the components of the integrated emergency system during the common intervention in case of an extraordinary event with a high number of injured and victims for the Medical Rescue Service than the senior employees. The investigation refuted both hypotheses and it has shown the deficiencies in the theoretical preparedness for the liquidation of the extraordinary event in the tested sample. In the framework of improving the awareness and knowledge of liquidation of an extraordinary event, it is suitable to devote more time to the given issue already during the studies of medical rescuers as well as subsequently in the employment for example in the form of internal seminars.

The popularity of everyday, both leisure and racing cycling, increases. The spectrum of accidents and injuries related to cycling extends with the increasing choice of bicycles for different types of cycling. Especially in summer months paramedics repeatedly provide prehospital emergency care to cyclists. A wide range of injuries require different intensity of treatment and care. The theoretical part is focused on a brief characteristics and descriptions of selected injuries, which are part of the research. The research was carried out by the quantitative form, by means of a questionnaire. It was distributed to paramedics in the South-Bohemian Region and in the Vysočina Region. The objective of the thesis was to assess and map the approach of paramedics to an injured cyclist, the correctness of provided care for selected injuries that are mentioned in the theoretical part from the perspective of prehospital emergency care and the evaluation of the need to pay more attention to this issue or to retain the current provided care and update only the new information and findings. The result of the research is the confirmation of all the research hypotheses. The questions testing knowledge of definitions of polytrauma and injuries were mostly answered correctly. The research questions focused on treatment and subsequent transport were also answered mostly correctly. Even though the research results were good and hypotheses were proved, it is necessary to bear in mind that cycling injuries are part of prehospital emergency care. Paramedics should be aware of current practices and continue with self-education.

The title of the bachelor?s thesis at hand is the Relationship between paramedics and general nurses during pre-hospital emergency care and hospital emergency care. The objective of the thesis was to find out how the general nurses and paramedics perceive the process of getting further education needed for work in the pre-hospital emergency care and hospital emergency care. The theoretical part deals with the current state of the Emergency Medical Service (EMS), its organisation, funding, and division. Next, the thesis provides characteristics of the professions of paramedic and general nurse, especially with regard to their educational background, how they get their qualifications, their competences, and with regard to legal relations these professions enter into. The practical part employed the method of quantitative research. Anonymous questionnaire was used as the method for collecting data. The target research group comprised of paramedics and general nurses that work at EMS Dispatch Centres of the Region of South Bohemia or at the Departments of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation in the hospitals based in the Region of South Bohemia. This bachelor?s thesis introduces two hypotheses. The first one reads: ?University-educated paramedic needs more work experience for work at a Department of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation than a general nurse with ARIC (Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care) education.? The second one is as follows: ?General nurse education is more suitable for work in pre-hospital emergency care than that of paramedic.? At the beginning of writing this thesis, the competences of paramedics and general nurses were completely different. Due to the changes in laws and amendments to the law which defines these competences that came into effect in the meantime, the possibilities of getting further education have seen changes, too.

Paramedics´ competencies in the Czech Republic is the name of the subject of this bachelor thesis. The thesis is targeted on mapping the knowledge of the competencies of paramedics and their satisfaction with the extent of activities performed under their competence. The theoretical part of this thesis systematically clarifies the relevant issue. I describe the Integrated Rescue System and the organization thereof on the grounds of the primary representation on which the health rescue service is based. As concerns such rescue service, the thesis is focused on the legislative development, specification and financing thereof. I also specify details of the individual types of rescue teams and describe paramedics with an emphasis on legal norms. The thesis also deals with obtaining and utilizing expertise and with specialist education. Paramedics´ competencies are broken down by several groups described in great detail. In the practical part, I used the method of quantitative research. The data collection method is an anonymous questionnaire. The research team consisted of paramedics working for the Health Rescue Service of the South Bohemian Region. The questionnaires were distributed to seven various rescue stations. The answered queries confirmed both hypotheses. The results show that paramedics know their professional competencies and, when performing their jobs, are satisfied with the extent of the activities performed under their competence. The thesis shows that paramedics´ competencies are not sufficiently well described in legal norms. As a result of such insufficiency, the situation of paramedics is uselessly complicated. In the thesis, I deal with the negative reverse issues and propose a document determined for paramedics to achieve a better legal position.

1 ABSTRACT As the capital of Prague gradually expanded, both in population and area, Emergency Medical Service of Prague (EMSP) had to grow accordingly. Rescue Teams of EMSP are currently located in 18 stations throughout the territory of Prague. The high number of Rescue Teams groups poses a major challenge to technical - physical operation. One of the areas where the need for changes has been identified, is the asset management. The current system is inadequate and unable to respond flexibly to frequent changes in the asset register. Large number of emergency stations, which are located over a large area and include ambulance cars, triggered the need for rapid search and registration of fixed assets, so the whole process would be as efficient as possible and would not hinder the operation of Rescue Teams. Therefore the registration of property by means of barcodes was launched. During inspections and changes in records or registration of new assets, the operation in records is carried out quickly and efficiently using mobile terminals with a bar code reader, which is actually a small computer. The aim of this paper is to describe management of changes in property records using bar codes at the Medical Emergency Service of Prague. This change in the process of property registration will reduce the time,...

The number of serious thermal injuries keeps increasing. Their treatment requires fast, first-class professional, well-organized service, with an adequate material and personnel provision, capable of dealing with even a sudden occurrence of a high number of afflicted persons in one location. The treatment of such injuries requires an interdisciplinary team of cooperating professionals, including the care provided in specialized facilities. I have selected the topic of treatment of trauma caused by burns because it is highly relevant for everybody as it may afflict each person at any time. Treatment of burns in field conditions is far from easy and it has its specifics. The specific features consist in somatic aspects of nursing activities but also in mental aspects. The objective of the thesis was to summarize theoretical information about treatment of burns in the conditions of pre-hospital care and to map the knowledge and skills of paramedics working for the Emergency Medical Service. The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part explains the term of pre-hospital immediate care and identifies the scope of its application and the providers of such care. The burns are presented and clearly classified based on many aspects and the thesis describes their incidence and, last but not least, also the prevention. The thesis also deals with specific features of nursing care in the conditions of pre-hospital immediate care from the viewpoint of nurses and subsequently also with the field treatment of trauma caused by burns. The practical part used quantitative research, method of inquiring with a questionnaire. The results indicate that paramedics are completely familiar with the procedures to treat trauma caused by burns, that that the cooperation between the Emergency Medical Service and specialized burns centers is sufficient and that the method of intraosseous infusion to children is not sufficiently used. This means that all of the three hypotheses have been confirmed. The results of the research suggest that more attention should be paid to treatment of burns not only in classroom but mainly in a practical part of the training. It is because burns may result in life-long consequences and their treatment in pre-hospital immediate care shall be therefore of the highest professional quality.

The medicine of disasters and mass catastrophes is an interdisciplinary medical specialism exploiting scientific discoveries made and lessons taught by experience in the other branches of medicine while attending to emergencies and carrying out rescue, demolition and sanitation operations. Practices already applied to handle mass catastrophes are being analyzed in case the humankind has to face similar events in the future. Related to the analyses are requirements for organizing urgent care. To illustrate the types of cooperation; to exemplify organization of the urgent care on specific cases; to compare the ways of cooperation between health-care facilities and the constituent elements of the Integrated Rescue System (IRS); and to cope with large-scale disasters, the mass catastrophes occurring in the Czech Republic have been treated to an analysis. Evaluated in the relevant cases was the level of security that the Czech Republic can rely on in case of emergencies - catastrophes and major disasters. Comparison was made between what was done by large health-care facilities and what was taken care of by the Integrated Rescue System, with special focus on the triage of the victims. As follows from analyses of different mass disasters, the medical care provided to save lives is satisfactory, and the urgent care is organized properly. The information on organizing urgent care oriented towards the medicine of disasters and mass catastrophes has been extracted from a variety of sources and through inquiring competent professionals.

My bachelor's thesis focuses on identifying paramedics' awareness of blood-borne infections. The issue of infections transmitted by blood is very extensive and complicated. Much emphasis is placed on prevention by health care employees who are threatened by infections of this kind in their day-to-day practice. For the sake of structure, the thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical portion presents a comprehensive overview of blood-borne diseases paramedics are exposed to while performing their work. It also explains terms such as paramedic and the importance of first aid service. The practical portion contains the actual survey and the evaluation of results. This section of the thesis uses quantitative research method via questionnaires. Data was obtained through questioning using anonymous questionnaires. The surveyed group included 90 paramedics. The aim of the work was to identify paramedics' awareness of blood-borne infections, find out what kind of personal protective equipment, if any, they use, and whether applicable regulations are being complied with. Based on the results obtained from the survey, I have concluded that paramedics are not sufficiently aware of blood-borne diseases. I also found out that 33% of the respondents violate applicable legislation by improper handling used by paramedics to the fullest possible extent. The most important aspects, I believe, are compliance with sanitary and epidemic regulations, vaccination, the availability of quality protective equipment and training as part of general prevention measures. In my opinion, more attention should be paid to providing health care workers with quality post-graduate education, the prevention of blood-borne infections, compliance with applicable regulations and the use of personal protective equipment.

Exercising their profession, nursing staff in health facilities may commit a fatal mistake in tense moments in terms of time. An illustrious example may be the admission of a higher number of casualties after an emergency event. So that to prevent these negative consequences, emphasis is put on the readiness of the entire health system from the headquarters to individual care providers. Special attention is also paid to trauma planning, because especially in complex cases greater demands are developed on the functioning and rapid succession of individual operations of medical care, along with observing all approved medical principles, of course. To verify the readiness and to reveal any shortcomings and reserves tactical exercises are held. The Krnov hospital also participated in that kind of training with activating the trauma plan. Another workplace involved was also the radio-diagnostic department. A simulated bus accident was to reveal whether the individual workplaces could provide adequate examinations and treatment. The thesis is divided into several parts. In the introductory section it is explained in brief how the health system is organized. To understand the text, it was necessary to define the necessary terminology and to mention the binding, legal legislation for emergency management authorities at all levels that affect the operations and carry out supervision on medical institutions. Gradually, the theoretical part presents trauma plans, sorting out casualties in the place of an emergency event, and specific exercises in the Krnov hospital that were announced and carried out in the early afternoon, when the hospital was fully filled with staff members. In the research part the analysis of a real accident that occurred in a late evening about a year later is made. Time demandingness of individual examinations is evaluated. Factual results are compared with the data obtained from simulated exercises. In the final part I tried to assess the quality and topicality of the trauma plan elaborated by our facility as well as the internal trauma plan of the RDG department and to propose possible changes and improvements.

The paper treats the subject of obstetric situations in pre-hospital emergency care and the tasks tackled by paramedics. Vital in such situations are the early recognition of symptoms; correct diagnostics; and a speedy transfer of the patient to a hospital. The paper concentrates primarily on delivery during the pre-hospital emergency care; on premature leak of the amniotic fluid; and on bleeding encountered in pregnant women in the second half of gestation and the related complications. The effort aimed particularly at mapping the frequency of emergency obstetric situations met during the pre-hospital emergency care in the Region of South Bohemia; at exploring the experience of paramedics; and at finding whether they were afraid of such situations and whether they were able to apply their theoretical background in practice. The defined objectives yielded four hypotheses: H 1: Emergency obstetric situations emerging during the transit are rare in the South Bohemian Region; H 2: Paramedics possess sufficient theoretical erudition to manage the emergency obstetric situations; H 3: Paramedics do not possess sufficient theoretical erudition to manage the emergency obstetric situations; and H 4: In providing emergency pre-hospital care paramedics try mainly to take the patient to hospital in good time. The research section of the paper relied on a quantitative survey conducted through a questionnaire distributed among paramedics in the Region of South Bohemia. Altogether 80 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 66 constituted the surveyed set. The results were processed and assembled into cake diagrams best depicting the percentage shares. All objectives have been accomplished. The first and fourth hypotheses proved false, while the second and third proved true.

Clearing an obstructed airway to facilitate breathing is a critical element of airway management. It is the emergency care provider who administers first aid and he/she has to master the technique of opening the airway as well as the aspiration prevention. The right airway management may avert the life-threatening condition of an injured person. The thesis is focused on the possibilities of clearing the airway by the emergency care provider in the Central Bohemian region. Techniques of opening and clearing the airway both without or with aids, which are at the emergency care provider´s disposal in prehospital care, are mentioned. The research set was formed by emergency care providers in transit first-aid stations providing emergency care in the Central Bohemian region. The research was conducted by the quantitative method. To collect data, the questionnaire method was used. I handed out 100 questionnaires in transit first-aid stations in the Central Bohemian region. The research was anonymous. The rate of return was 76%, it means I was given back 76 anonymously filled in questionnaires. The objective of the research was to survey possibilities of clearing the airway by the emergency care provider in the Central Bohemian region {--} and the objective was accomplished. The hypothesis I {--} on the part of an emergency care provider the most effective way how to clear the airway is endotracheal intubation {--} was confirmed {--} as well as the hypothesis II - emergency care providers do not use the {\clqq}LMA- Fastrach`` to clear the airways.The conclusions of the thesis may be used in making up standardized methods and techniques of clearing the airway in the prehospital emergency care. They may also be used for further education of university students of nursing and medical care.