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Diagnostics of balance disorders has undergone great changes over the last decades. From subjective clinical observation of vestibulospinal and vestibuloocular manifestations, the objective measurement of these manifestations by new methods and devices (stabilometry, videonystagmography, etc.) is used at the present time. The recent tendencies for objectivization of balance disorders, recording the results of individual examinations with subsequent comparison of the results and observation of the development of the disorder in time prevail. The Video Head Impulse Test (VHIT) is the most modern method which complements examination of the balance apparatus. The method enables to examine the complex of all semicircular canals of inner ear, which participate in keeping the balance. The activity of these canals if provided by a phylogenetically old three neuron pathway called vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). The main pathological finding of vHIT examination is the correction saccade of the eye as a compensation mechanism of the functional disorder of VOR. A high-speed camera is capable of recording the most minute and fastest saccade motions of the eye. The paper was intended to summarize available information abiuyt this new and objective method for examination of vestibular apparatus, which has been used in the Czech Republic since 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical vertigo has long been a controversial entity, which is general ly accepted in practice by the medical com munity. We present the sum mary of contemporary knowledge of the scientific bio graphy of cervical vertigo, pos sible etiology, dia gnosis and treatment. This disorder is overdia g - nosed and there is still no laboratory or clinical test to confirm the dia gnosis, while none of the pos sible theories provide fully convinc ing evidence of a cervical mechanism. Appropriate management is difficult and mostly empirical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]