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Architekturní osvětlení plní estetickou funkci, zdůrazňuje význam historických objektů či významných veřejných prostranství. V době vzniku historických objektů nebylo umělé noční osvětlování fasád cenově ani technologicky možné. Architektura byla koncipována pro denní osvětlení, které je dynamické, má jiné směrování světla, a proto vytváří odlišné stíny a kontrasty. S příchodem nových výkonných světelných LED zdrojů se umělé osvětlení stále více zapojuje do atmosféry nočního prostředí, a to nejen při slavnostních příležitostech, ale i trvale. Intenzivní kužely světla tvoří nové, cizorodé prvky v noční krajině. Navyšování četnosti a intenzity elektrického osvětlení v nočním prostředí přispívá ke vzniku světelného znečištění, které zatěžuje přírodu a kulturní krajinu znehodnocuje. Studie analyzuje osvětlení historických objektů Národní kulturní památky Vyšehrad, hodnotí vliv osvětlení na památkovou hodnotu objektů a míru zásahu do přírodního prostředí parku. Pomocí jasové analýzy sleduje přiměřenost využití světla, identifikuje nadměrně osvětlené plochy a místa s rizikem vzniku oslnění od světelných zdrojů. Výsledky studie prokazují podíl architekturního osvětlení na vzniku světelného znečištění. Vysoká intenzita osvětlení a umístění světelných zdrojů, které nepodporuje plasticitu architektonického detailu, ovlivňuje historický kontext v prostředí. Vysoké kontrasty ovlivňující zrakovou pohodu a orientaci uživatele. Negativně působí světelné kužely zasahující do korun stromů. Nadměrná intenzita a nevhodné směrování světla se neblaze propisuje i do širšího kontextu města. Architectural lighting performs an aesthetic function, accentuating the significance of historic buildings or important public spaces. At the time of the creation of historic buildings, the artificial night lighting of facades was neither affordable nor technologically feasible. The architecture was designed for daylighting, which is dynamic and creates different shadows and contrasts. With the coming of new powerful LED sources, lighting is becoming more and more involved in the atmosphere of the night environment, not only on festive occasions but also permanently. Intense cones of light create new, foreign elements in the nightscape. The increase in the frequency and intensity of electric lighting in the night environment contributes to light pollution that burdens nature and degrades the cultural landscape. The study analyses the illumination of the historic buildings of the Vyšehrad, assessing the effect of lighting on the monumental value of the buildings and the degree of interference with the natural environment of the park. Using brightness analysis, it monitors the adequacy of light use, identifies excessively illuminated areas, and places at risk of glare from light sources. The results demonstrate the contribution of architectural lighting to light pollution. Highintensity lighting and placement of light sources that do not support the plasticity of architectural detail affect the historical context in the environment - high contrasts affect visual comfort and user orientation. Light cones encroaching into the tree canopy have a negative impact. The excessive intensity and inappropriate direction of light are also detrimental to the wider context of the city.

The thesis deals with the evaluation of environmental impacts of insect farming for food purposes in the Czech Republic. The topic is focused on the impact category of climate change, with emphasis on Global Warming Potential (GWP for short). Environmental impacts are assessed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. This method is based on evaluating the impact that a product has on the environment over its lifetime. This has enabled the method to assess different potential types of impacts. LCA analysis is based on the principle of "cradle to gate". The approach is based from the sourcing of raw materials to the final output gate, represented in the form of a product. One kilogram of insect product is chosen as the pro-product. For the LCA analysis, a model farm of the mealybug (Tenebrio molitor) was established. Data for this work were collected from edible insect farmers in the Czech Republic who were sent a survey. Some data were obtained from the literature. In relation to the obtained data, a calculation of the environmental burden was made. In the thesis it was found that one kilogram of insect product generates a carbon footprint of 11.87 kg CO2-eqv.

The paper focuses on the spatial behaviour of visitors in the context of current megatrends. It aims to identify and characterize the spatial behaviour of the Czech users of the Airbnb service. Firstly, there is a theoretical-methodological and conceptual anchoring of the issue of tourism, mobility,and megatrends. The next part analyses the results of the questionnaire survey. The sociodemographic profile of the respondents is compiled, and the results are confronted with official tourism statistics at the national and international levels. The final findings are discussed in the context of sustainable development. The Airbnb platform is mostly used by the so-called Millennials for trips abroad. The choice of destination corresponds, to some extent, to the most visited countries according to UNWTO statistics. The most frequently chosen mean of transport in the case of outbound tourism is a plane. The main motivation is to spend the holidays. In terms of the number of overnight stays, short stays are generally preferred. This result is related to the fact that most of the destinations are of urban-type and a shorter length of stay is typical for urban tourism. Concerning the sustainability of urban destinations, the uncontrollable concentration of visitors, and the extension of shared accommodation cause socio- economic problems, increase noise, and decrease the quality of residents' life.

The diploma thesis deals with the topics of sustainable and slow fashion, specifically how the sustainability and ideas of slow fashion are reflected in thinking and consumer behavior associated with fashion in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part describes the key concepts associated with this topic and describes the negative impacts of the fashion industry. The thesis focuses on consumer behavior connected to the various stages of the clothing life cycle and the motivation of respondents to exhibit such behavior. A combined research design was used in the research. In the first stage, a quantitative CAWI questionnaire survey was conducted; in the second stage, it was supplemented by semi-structured interviews with respondents interested in sustainable fashion. The analysis in the practical part shows the relationship between the interest in sustainable fashion and socio-demographic indicators of gender, education, economic status and region. The purchase/acquisition of clothing and the consequent maximization of its use showed to be a key phase of sustainable behavior. Accordingly, the interest in sustainable fashion turned out to be a predictor of most of the sustainable shopping behavior, which was most often selected in the questionnaire survey. The results also show that apart from...

The thesis focuses on econometric analysis of demographic aspects of economic development. The subject of the analysis is the sustainability of the pension system of the Czech Republic, which is examined from two perspectives, from the point of view of pension revenues and expenditures on pension benefits. The analysis is carried out using the multiple linear regression technique. Three models are presented for each of the variables examined. The dataset is time series in nature, has quarterly seasonality and the period under study is the time interval 2000-2022 Q1. According to the revenue models, revenue is positively correlated with GDP, wages and salaries, employers' social contributions, consumer price index (CPI) and negatively correlated with the number of employed and unemployed. Expenditures, on the other hand, are positively correlated with the number of pensions, CPI, average wages and past expenditures. The models presented were also evaluated for their forecast accuracy for 2018-2019 when there was no crisis and for 2020-2022 Q1 when there was a crisis. The models were able to capture the dynamics of the variables in the non-crisis period, but were not as accurate in the crisis period, with the expenditure models performing better in comparison. Based on cross-validation, the corrected Akaike information criterion and the Schwarz Bayesian information criterion, model 2 was selected for each variable to predict for Q2-Q4 2022. According to the revenue model, revenue should trend sideways/stagnate, while according to the expenditure model, expenditure should grow. Also, predicted expenditures are exceeding predicted revenues.

The basic topic of this Bachelor thesis is the introduction of the concept of so-called slow living. The main starting point of this lifestyle is the principle of sustainability and general consideration for other members of society, as well as for the environment and limited natural resources. The concept of Slow defines itself against the accelerating life, the hunger of consumer society, and the unnecessary accumulation of material things that are unnecessary for life. This concept tries to show that a people can be happy with little material things, even more so if their behavior does not contribute to the production of low-quality products, mishandling of the human workforce, and the production of other unnecessary waste. In addition to introduction with the motives for a slow life approach, in the next few chapters we will be focused mainly on the topic of food and clothing, but we will focus on them with a different perspective than we usually look at in these topics. We will be interested in their fast and many criticized variants, and then we will imagine their slower opposites. On many pages we will be dealing with a slow-lifer, which is a model supporter of this approach to life, thanks to which we will be able to imagine better specific situations that a fan of a slower life-style deals with every day. The price and quality of products, as well as the origin of their creation, will also be a big topic in this thesis, because the requirement of fair dealing and transparency of production is characteristic of the slow concept. So we will be accompanied by questions such as - Do I really need this thing? And if so, is it necessary to buy it, or can I get it differently? How much have I been influenced by an commercial that says chosen product meets my criteria and expectations, and is it really so? The following pages will help us answer all of this.

The chosen topic of the bachelor thesis is satisfaction with services as a development factor of tourism in the Třeboň region. The main reason for choosing the topic is the fondness for traveling and the possibility of analyzing the given environment. First, the thesis defines basic terms and factors that affect tourism. Furthermore, the work uses not only qualitative research, but also quantitative research in the practical part. Qualitative research was conducted in order to compare the current situation with previous years with the help of controlled interviews with the mayors of individual selected municipalities. Quantitative research used a questionnaire survey, on the basis of which they were subsequently established and evaluated four established hypotheses. Both of these researches subsequently led to the planning of a new potential product because on the basis of the obtained data, it is possible to read what the destination's shortcomings are and what would need to be done to eliminate these shortcomings in order to improve the current situation in this place. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis is the evaluation of visitors' satisfaction with services in the area of Třeboňsko and the subsequent definition of a proposal for measures that lead to an increase in the satisfaction of tourism participants in this area.

The diploma thesis entitled "Financing of civil society organizations - a case study of selected CSOs in the Czech Republic" describes the sources of financing of civil society organizations in the Czech Republic. The first part, using theoretical resources, deals with the possibilities of obtaining funding for civil society organizations. The second research part of the thesis focuses on the structure of sources of income at SDMO - Sdružení pro komplexní pé i p i d tské mozkové obrn , z. s. and whether this organization makes full use of all available sources of funding.

The thesis deals with the theoretical basis of concepts such as sustainability and corporate social responsibility, always regarding the division into three pillars - environmental, economic, and social. These are the basic building blocks of all chapters, as well as the whole work. Based on these concepts, it was necessary in the first part to state the reasons why these concepts were created, and it is important to talk about them today - specifically in the chapters on the current situation of the world and its crises. The practical part is focused on a case study of the company Myslíš ?, which basically builds on these pillars and topics. The company is mapped for a period of two years from its establishment until the time of writing this work. The study concludes with a discussion that discusses whether the concept is correct and functional and asks other questions.

The bachelor thesis deals with the communication strategy of IKEA in the field of CSR in the Czech market in 2019-2021. The theoretical part provides a comprehensive theoretical background to the topic focused on corporate social responsibility and communication strategy. The practical part is focusing on the global furniture company IKEA. The thesis first describes the chosen research methods. Then it offers a brief introduction of the company and its CSR strategy. It describes not only its current approach, which is summarized in the document "People & Planet Positive" updated in 2018, but also the company's journey until then. A subsequent analysis of the communication strategy in the selected period presents a detailed description of the 9 largest CSR campaigns, as well as smaller topics in this area of communication. The analysis also includes an interview with the PR Leader of IKEA Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, which helped to complete the picture of the company's approach to CSR communication. At the end of the thesis, one can also find research in the form of a questionnaire survey conducted to find out consumers' opinions on the issue under study.

The bachelor thesis deals with corporate social responsibility and examines how this responsibility helps with improvement of the company's image. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part explains the history of CSR, the definition of important concepts and presents the development of the theoretical concept of social responsibility. The practical part is processed by an analysis carried out by a questionnaire survey, which examines the preferences of respondents in this area and finds out whether CSR activities help to improve the company's image. In conclusion the data is evaluated and possible adjustments that would help in this area are suggested.

This bachelor thesis assesses sustainability within the fashion industry and identifies numerous ways in which sustainability can be achieved. Its aim is to define sustainability and sustainable fashion, to describe environmental, social and economic issues in this industry and to present the attitudes of a niche group of stakeholders, namely fashion designers. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part considers various definitions of sustainability and applies them to the fashion industry. Furthermore, the research analyses how companies, fashion designers and fashion consumers can become more sustainable and what obstacles they face on this path. It also presents relevant models and strategies used for implementation of sustainability within fashion designing. The practical part evaluates interviews that were conducted with selected Czech fashion designers. These designers then describe their attitudes towards sustainability and explain the strategies that they actively implement to make their products more sustainable and ethical. A qualitative method was chosen for the research, as it helps to assess the attitudes and opinions from different angles, whilst allowing the study to receive answers regarding how and why designers see it this way.

"Pre-loved: vintage shops as an alternative to fast fashion" Mgr. Varvara Borisova Supervisor: Mgr. Yasar Abu Ghosh, Ph.D. Abstract Thrifting has long been perceived as a matter of nonconformists, eccentric artists, and people with limited budgets. However, the consumerist philosophy of so-called fast fashion which is driven by the ever-changing trends and the impact of the fashion industry on environment and global labor market has become a reason for many customers to find a greener and more ethical way to supply their wardrobes. While some of us gave up shopping at all, fashion gurus turned their attention to secondhand clothes: thrift shops changed to vintage boutiques and used garments became known as "pre-loved". This thesis aims to analyze practices which owners of Czech secondhand and vintage shops use to create value, understand the obsession by things from the 20th century and focus on the role of such stores in the development of sustainable fashion in the Czech Republic. Key words: vintage, thrift, theory of value, fast fashion, nostalgia, sustainability, material culture

The aim of the diploma thesis is to approach the issue of sustainable and responsible development of tourism destinations. The practical part contains a questionnaire survey and structured interviews on the topic of sustainability. Following the results of the research, suggestions are made to improve the situation.

Teoretická štúdia vychádza ztoho, že súčasnou výzvou pre subjekty v ekonomike sa stala udržateľnosť. Medzi kroky vedúce k transformácii ekonomickej teórie a následne k transformácii ekonomiky na udržateľnú, patrí vývoj nových trendov v ekonomickom myslení a rovnako aj nových iniciatív v ekonomike vznamení udržateľnosti. Na ich vzniku a rozvoji sa podieľajú ekogramotné subjekty. Vštúdii je poodhalený teoretický rámec pre ekogramotnosť a zdôraznený jej význam pre udržateľnosť arozvoj nových trendov ekonomického myslenia iekonomických iniciatív vznamení udržateľnosti. Ekogramotnosť je prezentovaná ako nová vízia reality, ale aj ako atribút alebo kompetencia, ktorá je založená na porozumení skutočnej hodnoty prírodných entít a životného prostredia. Predpokladá vedomé úsilie subjektov v ekonomike minimalizovať negatívne účinky, ktoré sprevádzajú rozvoj ekonomiky, na prírodu a životné prostredie. Vzhľadom na prípravu budúcich odborníkov pre oblasť ekonomiky je zdôraznená ekogramotnosť ako dôležitý nástroj vzdelávania pre udržateľný rozvoj. Aj rozvoj nových trendov ekonomického myslenia ainiciatív vznamení udržateľnosti sa realizuje vďaka ekogramotným subjektom, atak vzdelávanie zamerané na ekogramotnosť je vyzdvihnuté najmä v tých vzdelávacíchinštitúciách, ktoré pripravujú odborníkov pre ekonomickú sféru., Among the steps leading to transformation of economic theory and then to the transformation of economy into sustainable one, belongs the development of new trends in economic thinking as well as new initiatives in economy in sustainable direction. Eco-literacy subjects are part of its foundation and development. The study reveals the theoretical framework for eco-efficiency and emphasizes its importance for sustainability and the development of new trends in economic thinking and economic initiatives in the sign of sustainability. Eco-literacy is presented as a new vision of reality but also as the attribute or competence that is based on understanding the real value of natural entities and environment. It presumes a conscious effort of subjects in economy to minimize negative effects accompanying the development in economy, nature and environment. Regarding the preparation of future experts in the field of economics, eco-literacy is emphasized as an important tool in education for sustainable development. The development of new trends in economic thinking and initiatives in the sign of sustainability is also realized thanks to eco-literacy subjects, and so education focused on eco-literacy is emphasized especially in those educational institutions that prepare experts for the economic sphere.

Main goal of this work is to determine the factors having the greatest impact on the long-term sustainability of small and medium-sized heat plant systems by using financial analysis tools and applying technical-economic indicators. Heat plant systems are characterized as network monopolies, so in the financial analysis the individual indicators are evaluated with regard to the specific characteristics of this energy sector. The technical-economic analysis focuses on the method of electricity and heat production primarily in order to find out trends in profitability of both of these business activities. The way of using emission allowances of the EU ETS system is also examined, together with its impact on the economy of a company. The long-term sustainability assessment of heat plant systems is based on the ability to generate profit while selling heat for a competitive price. The price competitiveness is determined by comparison with average prices issued by the national market regulator.

Práce se zabývá vybranými návrhy na zavedení veřejnoprávní podoby penzijního fondu jako doplňku k průběžnému systému, které se objevují v českém veřejně-politickém diskurzu. Tyto návrhy podrobuje vzájemnému srovnání z hlediska parametrických rozdílů navrhovaného opatření. Na základě textové analýzy návrhů byly identifikovány dva možné způsoby alokace depozit penzijním fondem, které byly podrobeny analýze hypotetického dopadu na veřejné finance při zahrnutí státní garance nezáporného reálného výnosu. První možnost vychází z předpokladu stejných legislativních podmínek se soukromými účastnickými fondy, a spočívá v možnosti fondu investovat depozita na finančních trzích. Jako optimální se ukázala vyvážená investiční strategie, která v období 2013-2019 dokázala účastnickým fondům zajistit dostatečnou výnosnost k překonání inflace při relativně nízké míře rizika. Druhým možným způsobem alokace je smluvní financování vládních investic za úrok ve výši inflace. Na základě testu Grangerovy kauzality a vektorového modelu korekce chyb nebylo prokázáno, že by vládní investice statisticky významně ovlivňovaly budoucí hodnoty HDP v dlouhém období. Z hlediska míry rizika zvýšeného deficitu veřejných financí se tak pro případný státní fond jako optimální jeví vyvážená investiční strategie při alokaci prostředků na...

Permaculture is one of the types of alternative agriculture. It was created in reaction to problems of conventional (intensive) agriculture, which is not sustainable. Projects are designed by ideal of the nature. It uses the new technology in combination with experiences of our ancestors. It includes the whole range of disciplines, which are still evolving. Permaculture offers more than food self-support. It has became a lifestyle, which is based on the principles of the ethics of permaculture. It emphasizes the importance of the landscape and environment protection. It supports local market and local economics. Permaculture gardens are most often located in the countryside. Permaculture principles are used for the formation of the comunity gardens in the last years. The aim of this work is to find out the location of permaculture in the Czechia, the reason of establishments of permaculture gardens and whether the permaculture is able to solve the problems of the conventional agriculture. The mixed methods research was realized in the form of the questionnaires with the 19 permaculture gardens and in the form of the semi-structured interview with the one community garden. The research issues were answered in the combination with the professional literature. Key words: permaculture, self-support,...

This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of aquaponics and its possible use in developing countries. The introductory part of the paper summarizes in the form of a literature research the current issues of developing countries, then introduces aquaponics as a new potential direction of sustainable crop production. The next section presents the model state of Kenya in more detail. The main part of the work focuses on the analysis of eating habits, caloric intake of the population, conditions for aquaponics in the country and compares aquaponics with conventional agriculture. In the end, it was evaluated whether Kenya is a suitable candidate for an aquaponic project due to its conditions.

Wellbeing is a popular key term in professional and non-professional literature. Due to the widespread use of this term, it is possible to find different approaches to evaluating the level of wellbeing employees in an organization. The reason is also the frequent connection of wellbeing with job satisfaction or employee performance. Although experts do not always agree on the impact of specific human resource management approaches on employee wellbeing, there are many practical approaches to influencing wellbeing. The problem, however, is to determine the level of well-being workers themselves, as well as the different views of managers and employees themselves. Using a questionnaire survey in the organizational environment in the Czech Republic, the approach to wellbeing according to managers and employees was examined. Subsequently, the survey serves to clarify the differences in the perceived level of wellbeing according to the relevant groups.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the sustainability of financing of European centers of excellence in the Czech Republic. With the support of the EU (European Regional Development Fund) and the state budget, it was possible to build a limited number of European centers of excellence in the Czech Republic. The grant provider was the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, through the Operational Program Research and Development for Innovation. The thesis describes, compares and analyzes the future of these centers in the coming years, especially after 2020 (the end of the so-called sustainability of these centers), when a significant reduction of EU resources will occur. Then the budget of European funds can only be partially reimbursed from national public sources, that is why it is necessary to aim in particular at stimulating the business resources invested in science and research. The centers themselves will already be in full operation and are expected to be fully involved and to make use of the revenue mainly from contract research to cover their costs. However, their operation would not be possible without state support, as evidenced in particular by data from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education. On the basis of analyzes and international comparisons it can be stated that the system of research and development in the Czech Republic, ie also the financial sustainability of centers of excellence, is developing in the desired direction. The Government of the Czech Republic is fully aware that effectively invested in research and development brings not only economic but also social benefits. Support for newly built centers of excellence will be supported from the state budget in the coming years.

The aim of the thesis is to map out the situation in construction of passive houses in the Czech Republic and how entrepreneurs, non-governmental organizations, representatives of the state and local action groups MAS perceive them. A questionnaire survey method was used. The sample of respondents is based on sustainable development which has3 pillars - environmental, economical and social. The questionnaires were used as a basis to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the construction of passive houses. Questions in the questionnaire regarded the economic support and promotion of the construction, its impact on the environment and social benefit for the average income of families. On the basis of the results, It is estimated that passive houses are the buildings of the future and will be built more and more.

Šulová, V. Corporate Social Responsibility in Tourism. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2019. The main goal of the diploma thesis "Social Responsibility in Tourism" is to propose a CSR strategy for tourism companies specifically for accommodation facilities. The first part consists of the discussion of alternative approaches and perspectives, the analysis of professional literature and research in this field and the comparison of the results and opinions of individual parties. This section will mainly help to better focus on this issue, compare different views, and portray key CSR and sustainable development challenges faced by businesses in the sector. Qualitative and quantitative research shows that in the area of accommodation facilities it is necessary to distinguish between large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises when assessing social responsibility activities. Large businesses have an active approach to these activities and are committed to them, and in the further development it is important to focus on reporting their results. Small and medium-sized enterprises are passive in social responsibility activities, and if they do business as part of their normal operations, the main reason is the lack of information about the whole issue and the possibilities of developing this area.