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Felty's syndrome (FS) consists of the triad: rheumatoid arthritis (RA), leukopenia and splenomegaly. FS occurs in approximately 1% of patients with RA. In this syndrome, the risk of infection is increased and anaemia, thrombocytopenia and cutaneous ulcers are more frequently observed. The literature is reviewed on the basis of a case history. The pathogenesis is unknown but is probably multifactorial. Cell antibodies, increased occurrence of immune complexes, inhibited neutrophil production, altered neutrophil distribution and reduced neutrophil function have been observed. The main indication for treatment is present if the patient has severe neutropenia (less than 0.1 x 10(9)/l) and repeated infections. Various methods of treatment are available. The most important are: gold, low-dose methotrexate, lithium, methylprednisolone pulse therapy, penicillamine and splenectomy. According to the literature, conventional steroid treatment cannot be recommended.